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! colspan="2" |[[Approximant consonant|Approximant]] |
! colspan="2" |[[Approximant consonant|Approximant]] |
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=== Vowels === |
=== Vowels === |
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |
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| Terêna | |
|---|---|
| Native to | Brazil |
| Region | Mato Grosso do Sul |
| Ethnicity | Terena people |
Native speakers | 16,000 (2006)[1] |
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-2 | ter |
| ISO 639-3 | Variously:ter – Terenagqn – Kinikinao & Guanácaj – Chané |
| Glottolog | tere1279 |
| ELP | Terena |
| Guana (Brazil)[2] | |
TerênaorEtelena is spoken by 15,000 Brazilians. The language has a dictionary and written grammar.[3] Many Terena people have low Portuguese proficiency. It is spoken in Mato Grosso do Sul. 20% are literate in their language, 80% literate in Portuguese.
Terêna has an active–stative syntax.[4]
There were once four varieties, Kinikinao, Terena proper, Guaná, and Chané, which were sometimes considered to be separate languages (Aikhenvald 1999). Carvalho (2016) has since demonstrated that all four of them are the same language.[5] Only Terena proper is still spoken.
Terena originated in the Northwestern Chaco.[6] As a result, many Northern Guaicuruan loanwords can be found in Terena.[7]
There are also many Tupi-Guarani loanwords in Terena and other southern Arawakan languages.[8]
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | voiceless | p | t | k | ʔ | |
| prenasal | ᵐb | ⁿd | ᵑɡ | |||
| Fricative | voiceless | s | ʃ | h | ||
| prenasal | ⁿz | ⁿʒ | ||||
| Nasal | m | n | ||||
| Tap | ɾ | |||||
| Lateral | l | |||||
| Approximant | w/v | j | ||||
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| High | i ĩ iː | (ɨ) | u ũ uː |
| Mid | e ẽ eː | o õ oː | |
| ɛ ɛː | ɔ ɔː | ||
| Low | a ã aː |
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
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Arawakan (Maipurean) languages
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This Arawakan languages-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
