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!<small>prenasal</small> |
!<small>prenasal</small> |
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|ᵐb |
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|ⁿd |
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|ᵑɡ |
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!<small>prenasal</small> |
!<small>prenasal</small> |
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|ⁿz |
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|ⁿʒ |
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An alveolar lateral consonant /l/ may be realized as a retroflex lateral [ɭ]. A velar nasal [ŋ] sound is often heard when following after nasal vowels. A glottal stop [ʔ] can be heard before word-initial vowels. A word-final /k/ may also sound unreleased [k̚]. |
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=== Vowels === |
=== Vowels === |
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |
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![[High vowel|High]] |
![[High vowel|High]] |
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| align="center" |i iː |
| align="center" |i ĩ iː |
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||| align="center" | u uː |
|(ɨ)|| align="center" | u ũ uː |
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![[Mid vowel|Mid]] |
! rowspan="2" |[[Mid vowel|Mid]] |
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|e ẽ eː |
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|e |
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|o õ oː |
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|ɛ ɛː |
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|ɔ ɔː |
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![[Low vowel|Low]] |
![[Low vowel|Low]] |
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|a aː |
|a ã aː |
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<ref>{{Cite book|title=Aspectos Gramaticais da Língua Terena|last=Nascimento|first=Gardênia|publisher=|year=2012|isbn=|location=Belo Horizonte: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais|pages=}}</ref> |
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/i/ and /u/ may be realized as approximant sounds [j] and [w], when preceding another vowel. |
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==References== |
==References== |
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| Terêna | |
|---|---|
| Native to | Brazil |
| Ethnicity | Terena people |
Native speakers | 16,000 (2006)[1] |
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-2 | ter |
| ISO 639-3 | Variously:ter – Terenagqn – Kinikinao & Guanácaj – Chané |
| Glottolog | tere1279 |
| ELP | Terena |
TerênaorEtelena is spoken by 15,000 Brazilians. The language has a dictionary and written grammar[2]. Many Terena people have low Portuguese proficiency. It is spoken in Mato Grosso do Sul. 20% are literate in their language, 80% literate in Portuguese.
There were once four varieties, Kinikinao, Terena proper, Guaná, and Chané, which are sometimes considered separate languages (Aikhenvald 1999). Only Terena proper is still spoken.
Terêna has an active–stative syntax.[3]
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | voiceless | p | t | k | ʔ | |
| prenasal | ᵐb | ⁿd | ᵑɡ | |||
| Fricative | voiceless | s | ʃ | h | ||
| prenasal | ⁿz | ⁿʒ | ||||
| Nasal | m | n | ||||
| Tap | ɾ | |||||
| Lateral | l | |||||
| Approximant | w | j | ||||
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| High | i ĩ iː | (ɨ) | u ũ uː |
| Mid | e ẽ eː | o õ oː | |
| ɛ ɛː | ɔ ɔː | ||
| Low | a ã aː |
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
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Arawakan (Maipurean) languages
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This Arawakan languages-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
