J u m p t o c o n t e n t
M a i n m e n u
M a i n m e n u
N a v i g a t i o n
● M a i n p a g e ● C o n t e n t s ● C u r r e n t e v e n t s ● R a n d o m a r t i c l e ● A b o u t W i k i p e d i a ● C o n t a c t u s ● D o n a t e
C o n t r i b u t e
● H e l p ● L e a r n t o e d i t ● C o m m u n i t y p o r t a l ● R e c e n t c h a n g e s ● U p l o a d f i l e
S e a r c h
Search
A p p e a r a n c e
● C r e a t e a c c o u n t ● L o g i n
P e r s o n a l t o o l s
● C r e a t e a c c o u n t ● L o g i n
P a g e s f o r l o g g e d o u t e d i t o r s l e a r n m o r e ● C o n t r i b u t i o n s ● T a l k
( T o p )
1 F r e s h w a t e r g a s t r o p o d s
2 L a n d g a s t r o p o d s
3 B i v a l v i a
4 H o t h o u s e a l i e n s p e c i e s
5 A l i e n s p e c i e s i n h o t s p r i n g s
6 S e e a l s o
7 R e f e r e n c e s
8 F u r t h e r r e a d i n g
9 E x t e r n a l l i n k s
T o g g l e t h e t a b l e o f c o n t e n t s
L i s t o f n o n - m a r i n e m o l l u s c s o f A u s t r i a
3 l a n g u a g e s
● D e u t s c h ● Р у с с к и й ● У к р а ї н с ь к а
E d i t l i n k s
● A r t i c l e ● T a l k
E n g l i s h
● R e a d ● E d i t ● V i e w h i s t o r y
T o o l s
T o o l s
A c t i o n s
● R e a d ● E d i t ● V i e w h i s t o r y
G e n e r a l
● W h a t l i n k s h e r e ● R e l a t e d c h a n g e s ● U p l o a d f i l e ● S p e c i a l p a g e s ● P e r m a n e n t l i n k ● P a g e i n f o r m a t i o n ● C i t e t h i s p a g e ● G e t s h o r t e n e d U R L ● D o w n l o a d Q R c o d e ● W i k i d a t a i t e m
P r i n t / e x p o r t
● D o w n l o a d a s P D F ● P r i n t a b l e v e r s i o n
A p p e a r a n c e
F r o m W i k i p e d i a , t h e f r e e e n c y c l o p e d i a
Location of Austria
The non-marine molluscs of Austria are a part of the fauna of Austria . Austria is land-locked and therefore it has no marine molluscs, only land and freshwater species. This list is based on the current Red List of Austrian molluscs.[1]
There are 443 species of non-marine molluscs living in Austria. Of these, 426 species live in the wild, 60 of which are endemic to Austria. At least 17 gastropod species live only as hothouse aliens in greenhouses , aquaria and terraria. Another 4 non-indigenous species occur only in hot springs .
Freshwater gastropods [ edit ]
Shells of Theodoxus danubialis
Neritidae
Viviparidae
Melanopsidae
Hydrobiidae
Alzoniella hartwigschuetti
Belgrandiella austriana
Belgrandiella aulaei
Belgrandiella boetersi
Belgrandiella fuchsi
Belgrandiella ganslmayri
Belgrandiella kreisslorum [1]
Belgrandiella mimula
Belgrandiella multiformis
Belgrandiella parreyssi
Belgrandiella pelerei
Belgrandiella styriaca
Belgrandiella wawrai
Bythinella austriaca Bythinella austriaca austriaca (Frauenfeld, 1857); Bythinella austriaca conica (Clessin, 1910)
Bythinella cylindrica
Bythinella bavarica
Bythinella lunzensis
Bythinella opaca
Bythiospeum bormanni
Bythiospeum elseri
Bythiospeum excelsior
Bythiospeum excessum
Bythiospeum cisterciensorum
Bythiospeum geyeri
Bythiospeum nocki
Bythiospeum noricum
Bythiospeum pfeifferi [1] [3]
Bythiospeum reisalpense
Bythiospeum tschapecki
Bythiospeum wiaaiglica [1]
Graziana adlitzensis
Graziana klagenfurtensis
Graziana lacheineri
Graziana pupula
Hauffenia kerschneri Hauffenia kerschneri kerschneri (St. Zimmermann, 1930) – endemic; Hauffenia kerschneri loichiana Haase, 1993 – endemic
Hauffenia nesemanni
Hauffenia wienerwaldensis
Iglica gratulabunda
Iglica kleinzellensis
Lithoglyphus naticoides
Lobaunia danubialis
Potamopyrgus antipodarum
Amnicolidae
Bithyniidae
Valvatidae
Acroloxidae
Lymnaeidae
Galba truncatula
Stagnicola corvus
Stagnicola fuscus
Stagnicola palustris
Stagnicola turricula
Radix ampla
Radix auricularia
Radix balthica
Radix labiata
Radix lagotis
Lymnaea stagnalis
Physidae
Planorbidae
Ancylus fluviatilis
Anisus leucostoma
Anisus spirorbis
Anisus vortex
Anisus vorticulus
Bathyomphalus contortus
Ferrissia fragilis
Gyraulus acronicus
Gyraulus albus
Gyraulus chinensis
Gyraulus laevis
Gyraulus parvus
Gyraulus rossmaessleri
Gyraulus crista
Hippeutis complanatus
Planorbarius corneus
Planorbis planorbis
Planorbis carinatus
Segmentina nitida
Land gastropods [ edit ]
Cochlostomatidae
Cochlostoma anomphale
Cochlostoma gracile stussineri
Cochlostoma henricae Cochlostoma henricae henricae (Strobel, 1851), Cochlostoma henricae huettneri (A. J. Wagner, 1895)
Cochlostoma nanum
Cochlostoma septemspirale Cochlostoma septemspirale septemspirale (Razoumovsky, 1789), Cochlostoma septemspirale heydenianum (Clessin, 1789)
Cochlostoma tergestinum
Cochlostoma waldemari
Pomatiidae
Aciculidae
Empty shells of Platyla polita
Carychiidae
Succineidae
Cochlicopidae
Orculidae
Odontocyclas kokeilii
Orcula austriaca Orcula austriaca austriaca S. Zimmermann, 1932; Orcula austriaca faueri Klemm, 1967; Orcula austriaca goelleri Gittenberger, 1967; Orcula austriaca pseudofuchsi Klemm, 1967
Orcula conica
Orcula dolium Orcula dolium dolium (Draparnaud, 1801); Orcula dolium edita Pilsbry, 1934 – endemic; Orcula dolium gracilior S. Zimmermann – endemic; Orcula dolium infima Pilsbry, 1934 – endemic; Orcula dolium pseudogularis A. J. Wagner 1912 – endemic
Orcula pseudodolium
Orcula fuchsi
Orcula gularis Orcula gularis gularis (Rossmässler, 1837), Orcula gularis oreina Pilsbry, 1934 – endemic
Orcula restituta
Orcula tolminensis
Pagodulina pagodula Pagodulina pagodula altilis Klemm, 1939; Pagodulina pagodula principalis Klemm, 1939
Pagodulina sparsa
Pagodulina subdola agodulina subdola subdola (Gredler, 1856); Pagodulina subdola superstes Klemm, 1939
Sphyradium doliolum
Argnidae
Strobilopsidae
Valloniidae
Pupillidae
Pyramidulidae
Chondrinidae
Vertiginidae
Six shells of Vertigo alpestris
Vertigo angustior
Vertigo antivertigo
Vertigo genesii [7]
Vertigo geyeri
Vertigo heldi
Vertigo modesta tirolensis (Gredler, 1869)
Vertigo moulinsiana
Vertigo pusilla
Vertigo pygmaea
Vertigo substriata
Enidae
Clausiliidae
Balea biplicata Balea biplicata biplicata (Montagu, 1803); Balea biplicata sordida (Rossmässler, 1835); Balea biplicata chuenringorum (Tschapeck, 1890)
Balea perversa
Bulgarica cana
Bulgarica vetusta
Charpentieria itala Charpentieria itala braunii (Rossmässler, 1836); Charpentieria itala punctata (Michaud, 1831) – non-indigenous
Charpentieria ornata
Charpentieria stenzii cincta
Clausilia cruciata Clausilia cruciata cruciata (S. Studer, 1820); Clausilia cruciata cuspidata Held, 1836; Clausilia cruciata minima A. Schmidt, 1856; Clausilia cruciata geminella Klemm, 1972
Clausilia dubia Clausilia dubia dubia Draparnaud, 1805; Clausilia dubia vindobonensis A. Schmidt, 1856; Clausilia dubia speciosa A. Schmidt, 1856; Clausilia dubia huettneri Klemm, 1960; Clausilia dubia schlechtii A. Schmidt, 1856;Clausilia dubia tettelbachiana Rossmässler, 1838; Clausilia dubia kaeufeli Klemm, 1960; Clausilia dubia gracilior Clessin, 1887; Clausilia dubia grimmeri L. Pfeiffer, 1848; Clausilia dubia otvinensis H. V. Gallenstein, 1895; Clausilia dubia floningiana Westerlund, 1888; Clausilia dubia bucculenta Klemm, 1960;Clausilia dubia runensis Tschapeck, 1883; Clausilia dubia moldanubica Klemm, 1960; Clausilia dubia dydima F.J. Schmidt, 1847; Clausilia dubia steinbergensis Edlinger, 2000
Clausilia pumila
Clausilia rugosa
Cochlodina costata
Cochlodina dubiosa
Cochlodina fimbriata
Cochlodina laminata Cochlodina laminata laminata (Montagu, 1803); Cochlodina laminata insulana Gittenberger, 1967
Cochlodina orthostoma
Dilataria succineata
Erjavecia bergeri
Fusulus interruptus
Fusulus approximans
Herilla bosniensis
Julica schmidtii
Laciniaria plicata
Macrogastra asphaltina
Macrogastra attenuata Macrogastra attenuata attenuata (Rossmässler, 1835); Macrogastra attenuata lineolata (Held, 1836)
Macrogastra badia Macrogastra badia badia (C. Pfeiffer, 1828); Macrogastra badia suprema (Klemm, 1969); Macrogastra badia crispulata (Westerlund, 1884); Macrogastra badia mucida (Rossmässler, 1835); Macrogastra badia carinthiaca (A. Sschmidt, 1856); Macrogastra badia fontana (L. Pfeiffer, 1848); Macrogastra badia cacuminis (Klemm, 1969)
Macrogastra densestriata Macrogastra densestriata densestriata (Rossmässler, 1836); Macrogastra densestriata gredleri Nordsiek, 1993
Pseudofusulus varians
Macrogastra plicatula Macrogastra plicatula plicatula (Draparnaud, 1801); Macrogastra plicatula grossa (Westerlund, 1878); Macrogastra plicatula rusiostoma (Held, 1836); Macrogastra plicatula iniuncta (L. Pfeiffer, 1849); Macrogastra plicatula convallicola (Westerlund, 1878); Macrogastra plicatula senex (Westerlund, 1878); Macrogastra plicatula superflua (Charpentier, 1852); Macrogastra plicatula alpestris (Clessin, 1878)
Macrogastra tumida
Macrogastra ventricosa Macrogastra ventricosa ventricosa (Draparnaud, 1801); Macrogastra ventricosa major (Rossmässler, 1836)
Medora macascarensis
Neostyriaca corynodes Neostyriaca corynodes corynodes (Held, 1836); Neostyriaca corynodes saxatilis (Hartmann, 1844); Neostyriaca corynodes brandti (Klemm, 1969); Neostyriaca corynodes styriaca (A. Schmidt, 1856); Neostyriaca corynodes evadens (Klemm, 1969); Neostyriaca corynodes conclusa (Klemm, 1969)
Pseudofusulus varians
Ruthenica filograna
Ferussaciidae
Punctidae
Discidae
Pristilomatidae
Euconulidae
Gastrodontidae
Oxychilidae
Aegopinella epipedostoma juncta (Hudec 1964)
Aegopinella forcarti
Aegopinella minor
Aegopinella nitens
Aegopinella pura
Aegopinella ressmanni
Daudebardia brevipes
Daudebardia rufa
Carpathica stussineri
Oxychilus alliarius
Oxychilus cellarius
Oxychilus clarus
Oxychilus depressus
Oxychilus draparnaudi
Oxychilus glaber Oxychilus glaber glaber (Rossmässler, 1835); Oxychilus glaber striarius (Westerlund, 1881)
Oxychilus hydatinus [8]
Aegopis verticillus , a common species in the Vienna Woods
Zonitidae
Milacidae
Limacidae
Agriolimacidae
Deroceras agreste
Deroceras golcheri
Deroceras invadens
Deroceras klemmi
Deroceras laeve
Deroceras reticulatum
Deroceras rodnae Deroceras rodnae rodnae Grossu & Lupu 1965, Deroceras rodnae juranum Wüthrich, 1993
Deroceras sturanyi
Deroceras turcicum
Boettgerillidae
Vitrinidae
Eucobresia diaphana
Eucobresia glacialis
Eucobresia nivalis
Eucobresia pegorarii
Gallandia annularis
Semilimax carinthiacus
Semilimax kotulae
Semilimax semilimax
Vitrina carniolica
Vitrina pellucida
Vitrinobrachium breve
Arionidae
Arion obesoductus [10]
Arion brunneus
Arion circumscriptus
Arion distinctus
Arion fasciatus
Arion flagellus
Arion fuscus
Arion hortensis
Arion intermedius [11]
Arion rufus
Arion silvaticus
Arion vulgaris
Geomitridae
Candidula unifasciata Candidula unifasciata unifasciata (Poiret, 1801); Candidula unifasciata soosiana (H. Wagner, 1933)
Cernuella cisalpina
Cernuella neglecta
Cernuella virgata
Helicella itala
Helicopsis austriaca
Helicopsis hungarica
Helicopsis striata
Xerolenta obvia
Hygromiidae
Euomphalia strigella
Hygromia cinctella
Monacha cantiana
Monacha cartusiana
Monachoides incarnatus
Perforatella bidentata
Petasina edentula Petasina edentula helvetica (Polinski, 1929); Petasina edentula limnifera (Held, 1836); Petasina edentula subleucozona (Westerlund, 1889)
Petasina filicina Petasina filicina filicina (L. Pfeiffer, 1841); Petasina filicina styriaca (Klemm, 1954) – endemic
A live individual of Noricella oreinos , an endemic of the northeastern Alps
Petasina leucozona Petasina leucozona heteromorpha (Westerlund, 1876), Petasina leucozona leucozona (C. Pfeiffer, 1828); Petasina leucozona ovirensis (Rossmässler, 1838)
Petasina lurida
Petasina subtecta
Petasina unidentata Petasina unidentata alpestris (Clessin, 1878), Petasina unidentata norica (Polinski, 1929); Petasina unidentata subalpestris (Polinski, 1929); Petasina unidentata unidentata (Draparnaud, 1805)
Plicuteria lubomirskii [12]
Pseudotrichia rubiginosa
Noricella oreinos
Noricella scheerpeltzi
Trochulus clandestinus [13]
Trochulus coelomphala
Trochulus hispidus
Trochulus sericeus
Trochulus striolatus Trochulus striolatus austriacus (Mahler, 1952) – endemic; Trochulus striolatus danubialis (Clessin, 1874); Trochulus striolatus juvavensis – endemic (Geyer, 1914)
Trochulus suberectus
Urticicola umbrosus
Bradybaenidae
Helicodontidae
Shell of Cylindrus obtusus
Helicidae
Arianta arbustorum Arianta arbustorum arbustorum (Linnaeus, 1758); Arianta arbustorum alpicola (A. Ferrusac, 1821); Arianta arbustorum styriaca (Kobelt, 1876); Arianta arbustorum picea (Rossmässler, 1837)
Arianta stenzii
Arianta chamaeleon Arianta chamaeleon chamaeleon (L. Pfeiffer, 1842); Arianta chamaeleon subglobosa (Ehrmann, 1910); Arianta chamaeleon carnica (Ehrmann, 1910); Arianta chamaeleon wiedemayri (Kobelt, 1903)
Arianta schmidtii
Helicigona lapicida
Chilostoma illyrica
Chilostoma cingulatum Chilostoma cingulatum preslii (Rossmässler, 1836); Chilostoma cingulatum peregrini Falkner, 1998; Chilostoma cingulatum carrarense (Strobel, 1852) – non-indigenous
Chilostoma achates Chilostoma achates achates (Rossmässler, 1835); Chilostoma achates cingulina (Deshayes, 1839); Chilostoma achates stiriae (Forcart, 1933); Chilostoma achates rhaeticum (Strobel, 1857)
Chilostoma intermedium
Chilostoma ziegleri
Cylindrus obtusus
Isognomostoma isognomostomos
Caucasotachea vindobonensis
Causa holosericea
Cepaea hortensis
Cepaea nemoralis
Cornu aspersum
Helix pomatia
Helix lucorum
Bivalvia [ edit ]
Margaritiferidae
Unionidae
Anodonta anatina Anodonta anatina attenuata Held, 1836; Anodonta anatina rostrata Rossmässler, 1836
Anodonta cygnea Anodonta cygnaea deplanata M. Gallenstein, 1852; Anodonta cygnaea solearis Held, 1839
Pseudanodonta complanata
Unio crassus Unio crassus albensis Hazay, 1835; Unio crassus cytherea Küster, 1833; Unio crassus decurvatus Rossmässler, 1835
Unio pictorum latirostris
Unio tumidus zelebori
Sinanodonta woodiana
Corbiculidae
Sphaeriidae
Pisidium amnicum
Pisidium casertanum
Pisidium conventus
Pisidium globulare
Pisidium henslowanum
Pisidium hibernicum
Pisidium lilljeborgii
Pisidium milium
Pisidium moitessierianum
Pisidium nitidum
Pisidium obtusale
Pisidium personatum
Pisidium pseudosphaerium
Pisidium subtruncatum
Pisidium supinum
Pisidium tenuilineatum
Musculium lacustre
Sphaerium corneum
Sphaerium nucleus
Sphaerium ovale
Sphaerium rivicola
Dreissenidae
Hothouse alien species [ edit ]
Hothouse aliens in Austria include:
Cantareus apertus
Caracollina lenticula
Galba cubensis
Hawaiia minuscula
Lamellaxis clavulinus
Lehmannia nyctelia
Lehmannia valentiana
Milax nigricans
Opeas pumilum
Oxychilus translucidus
Physella hendersoni
Radix javanica
Sitala rumbangensis [15]
Tandonia sowerbyi
Veronicella [16]
Zonitoides arboreus
Alien species in hot springs [ edit ]
Following species occur as aliens in natural hot springs:
See also [ edit ]
Lists of molluscs of surrounding countries:
References [ edit ]
^ a b c d e Reischütz, A. & P. L. Reischütz (2007): Rote Liste der Weichtiere (Mollusca) Österreichs.
In: Zulka, P. (Ed.): Rote Listen gefährdeter Tiere Österreichs. Checklisten, Gefährdungsanalysen, Handlungsbedarf. Teil 2. Grüne Reihe des BLFUW, Wien, Böhlauverlag, pp 363 – 433
^ (in German) Schultz H. & Schultz O. (2001). "Erstnachweis der Gemeinen Kahnschnecke, Theodoxus fluviatilis (LINNAEUS, 1758) in Österreich (Gastropoda: Neritidae)". Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 103B : 231–241. PDF .
^ Fontaine B., Bouchet P. , Van Achterberg K., Alonso-Zarazaga M. A., Araujo R. et al. (2007).『The European union’s 2010 target: Putting rare species in focus.』Biological Conservation 139 : 167–185. Table 2 on the page 173. doi :10.1016/j.biocon.2007.06.012 . PDF .
^ Mildner, P. Haase, M. (2004): Die „schöngesichtige Zwergdeckelschnecke“ Martsoniopsis insubrica (Küster, 1853) (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Risoooidea) in Österreich nachgewiesen. Kärntner Naturschutzberichte ): 82–83 [1 ] .
^ "Species summary for Pupilla bigranata " . AnimalBase . Last modified 30 December 2008, accessed 30 July 2010.
^ "Species summary for Pupilla triplicata " . AnimalBase . Last modified 15 April 2010, accessed 31 July 2010.
^ Kiss, Y. & Kopf, T.(2010). Die Vertigo-Arten (Gastropoda: Vertingidae) des Anhangs II der FFH-Richtlinie in Südtirol: zweites Erhebungsjahr (2009). Gredleriana 10: 187–208.
^ Fischer, W. (2013).『Beiträge zur Kenntnis der österreichischen Molluskenfauna XXXVI. Oxychilus (Mediterranea) hydatinus (ROSSMÄSSLER 1838) neu für Österreich.』Nachrichtenblatt der Ersten Vorarlberger Malakologischen Gesellschaft 20
^ Duda M., Schubert H., Schindelar J. & Haring E. (2022). "Four new records of invasive gastropods in Vienna" Arianta 9 [2 ]
^ Manganelli G., Bodon M. & Giusti F. (2010). "The status of Arion alpinus Pollonera 1887, and re-description of Arion obesoductus Reischütz 1973 (Gastropoda, Arionidae)". Journal of Conchology 40 abstract .
^ Duda M., Schindelar J. & Kruckenhauser l.(2019). "First confirmed record of Arion intermedius Normand, 1852 (Eupulmonata: Arionidae) in Austria. Arianta 7 [3 ]
^ name ="Reischütz"
^ "Duda M., Schindelar J., Macek O., Eschner A. & Kruckenhauser L., 2017: First record of Trochulus clandestinus (Hartmann, 1821) in Austria (Gastropoda: Eupulmonata: Hygromiidae)." Malacologica Bohemoslovaca 16 http://mollusca.sav.sk/pdf/16/16.Duda.pdf
^ (in German) Aescht, E. & A. Bisenberger (2011): Artenliste der Weichtiere (Mollusca: Gastropoda und Bivalvia)des Bundeslandes Oberösterreich mit Anmerkungen zur Gefährdung [Annotated check-list of the molluscs (Gastropoda und Bivalvia) in the federal state of Upper Austria]. Beiträge zur Naturkunde Oberösterreichs 21: 405–466
^ Shileyko, A. A. (2009). ""Sitala" rumbangensis E. Smith, 1895 (Mollusca, Pulmonata) – an unexpected inhabitant of the Zoo in Vienna". Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 111B
^ P. L. Reischütz (2011): Veronicella sp. (Veronicellidae:Pulmonata). Ein weiterer "unexpected inhabitant" des Tropenhauses im Tiergarten Schönbrunn. Nachrichtenblatt der Ersten Vorarlberger Malakologischen Gesellschaft 19: 15–16
Further reading [ edit ]
Klemm W. (1974). "Die Verbreitung der rezenten Land-Gehäuse-Schnecken in Österreich. [Distribution of recent landsnails in Austria]". Denkschriften der Österrerreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Klasse) 117 : 1–503, Wien. (in German)
Reischütz P. L. (1986).『Die Verbreitung der Nacktschnecken Österreichs. [Distribution of Austrian slugs](Arionidae, Milacidae, Limacidae, Agriolimacidae, Boettgerilidae).』(Supplement 2 des Catalogus Faunae Austriae). Sitzungsberichte der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Klasse) 195 : 67–190. (in German)
Zulka P. (ed.) (2007). "Rote Listen gefährdeter Tiere Österreichs. [Red lists of the endangered animals of Austria]". Checklisten, Gefährdungsanalysen, Handlungsbedarf. Teil 2. Grüne Reihe des BLFUW. Wien, Böhlauverlag. (in German)
External links [ edit ]
R e t r i e v e d f r o m " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_non-marine_molluscs_of_Austria&oldid=1215567512 " C a t e g o r i e s : ● L i s t s o f b i o t a o f A u s t r i a ● L i s t s o f m o l l u s c s o f E u r o p e ● L i s t s o f m o l l u s c s b y c o u n t r y ● F r e s h w a t e r m o l l u s c s H i d d e n c a t e g o r i e s : ● A r t i c l e s w i t h G e r m a n - l a n g u a g e s o u r c e s ( de ) ● A r t i c l e s w i t h s h o r t d e s c r i p t i o n ● S h o r t d e s c r i p t i o n i s d i f f e r e n t f r o m W i k i d a t a ● U s e d m y d a t e s f r o m A u g u s t 2 0 1 9
● T h i s p a g e w a s l a s t e d i t e d o n 2 5 M a r c h 2 0 2 4 , a t 2 2 : 2 9 ( U T C ) . ● T e x t i s a v a i l a b l e u n d e r t h e C r e a t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - S h a r e A l i k e L i c e n s e 4 . 0 ;
a d d i t i o n a l t e r m s m a y a p p l y . B y u s i n g t h i s s i t e , y o u a g r e e t o t h e T e r m s o f U s e a n d P r i v a c y P o l i c y . W i k i p e d i a ® i s a r e g i s t e r e d t r a d e m a r k o f t h e W i k i m e d i a F o u n d a t i o n , I n c . , a n o n - p r o f i t o r g a n i z a t i o n . ● P r i v a c y p o l i c y ● A b o u t W i k i p e d i a ● D i s c l a i m e r s ● C o n t a c t W i k i p e d i a ● C o d e o f C o n d u c t ● D e v e l o p e r s ● S t a t i s t i c s ● C o o k i e s t a t e m e n t ● M o b i l e v i e w
