Jump to content
 







Main menu
   


Navigation  



Main page
Contents
Current events
Random article
About Wikipedia
Contact us
Donate
 




Contribute  



Help
Learn to edit
Community portal
Recent changes
Upload file
 








Search  

































Create account

Log in
 









Create account
 Log in
 




Pages for logged out editors learn more  



Contributions
Talk
 



















Contents

   



(Top)
 


1 History  





2 Characteristics  





3 Comparison  





4 See also  





5 References  














Republican Spelling System






Français
Bahasa Indonesia
Bahasa Melayu
 

Edit links
 









Article
Talk
 

















Read
Edit
View history
 








Tools
   


Actions  



Read
Edit
View history
 




General  



What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Cite this page
Get shortened URL
Download QR code
Wikidata item
 




Print/export  



Download as PDF
Printable version
 
















Appearance
   

 






From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 


The Republican Spelling System (inIndonesian: ejaan republik, when written in the current spelling system, or edjaan Republik, when written in this spelling system) or Soewandi Spelling (in Indonesian: ejaan Suwandi, when written in the current spelling system, or edjaan Suwandi, when written in this spelling system) was the orthography used for Indonesian from 17 March 1947 until 1972.

History[edit]

This spelling replaced the earlier spelling system, the Van Ophuijsen Spelling System, which was in force from 1901. While it simplified the van Ophuijsen system somewhat (notably with the introduction of the letter u and the removal of diacritics), it retained other aspects of the old system, such as the Dutch-influenced digraphs ch, dj and tj.

The Soewandi spelling was exposed to continuous criticism from the literate community in the early fifties. The 'literate community' is not to be taken in its widest sense; those who engaged themselves in this question were particularly teachers, not unexpectedly. These shortcomings were of two kinds: partly the lack of consistent norms, particularly in the spelling of foreign and semi-naturalized words, and partly the lack of distinction between certain phonemes, which made the teaching of a correct pronunciation more difficult than it needed to be.[1]

The Republican Spelling System was in force from 1947 until 1972, when it was replaced by the Enhanced Spelling System (Ejaan yang Disempurnakan, EYD) when Mashuri Saleh became Minister of Education and Culture. On 23 May 1972, Mashuri legalized the usage of the EYD, replacing the Republican system. This event was marked by changing the road sign at the front of his office from Djl TjilatjaptoJl. Cilacap (Cilacap street).

Characteristics[edit]

The differences between the Van Ophuijsen Spelling System and this system are:[1][2]

Comparison[edit]

IPA Van Ophuijsen Republican Soewandi Proposed Dubovska Spelling Ejaan yang Disempurnakan
[] tj tj č c
[] dj dj j
[j] j j j y
[ɲ] nj nj ň ny
[ʃ] sj sj š sy
[x] ch ch kh kh
[u] oe u u u

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b Vikør, Lars S. (1988). Perfecting spelling : spelling discussions and reforms in Indonesia and Malaysia, 1900-1972 : with an appendix on Old Malay spelling and phonology. Dordrecht, Holland: Foris Publications. ISBN 90-6765-237-7. OCLC 19648139.
  • ^ Arifin, E. Zaenal (1995). Cermat berbahasa Indonesia untuk perguruan tinggi. S. Arman Tasai (Ed. baru ed.). Jakarta: Akademika Pressindo. ISBN 979-8035-51-8. OCLC 35220269.

  • t
  • e
  • t
  • e

  • Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Republican_Spelling_System&oldid=1231039723"

    Categories: 
    Indonesian language
    Spelling reform
    Latin script stubs
    Austronesian language stubs
    Hidden categories: 
    Articles with short description
    Short description matches Wikidata
    Use American English from May 2021
    All Wikipedia articles written in American English
    Use dmy dates from May 2021
    Articles containing Indonesian-language text
    Pages with plain IPA
    Articles with Indonesian-language sources (id)
    All stub articles
     



    This page was last edited on 26 June 2024, at 03:26 (UTC).

    Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.



    Privacy policy

    About Wikipedia

    Disclaimers

    Contact Wikipedia

    Code of Conduct

    Developers

    Statistics

    Cookie statement

    Mobile view



    Wikimedia Foundation
    Powered by MediaWiki