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Contents

   



(Top)
  


1 Name  




2 Languages  




3 Proto-language  




4 References  













Thura-Yura languages






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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
  

Yura
Thura-Yura
Geographic
distribution		South Australia
Linguistic classificationPama–Nyungan
  • Arandic–Thura-Yura
    • Yura
Subdivisions
  • Yura proper
  • Kadli
  • Wirangu
Glottologthur1253

Thura-Yura languages (green) among other Pama–Nyungan (tan). The two groups are Nangga (west) and Yura–Kadli (east)

The YuraorThura-Yura languages are a group of Australian Aboriginal languages surrounding Spencer Gulf and Gulf St VincentinSouth Australia, that comprise a genetic language family of the Pama–Nyungan family.

Name[edit]

The name Yura comes from the word for "person" in the northern languages; this is a lenited form of the thura found in other languages, hence Thura-Yura. Similar words for "person" are found in languages outside the group, however (for example 'yura' - 'person' in the Sydney language).[1]

Languages[edit]

The following classification is proposed by Bowern & Koch (2004):[2]

  • Nauo
  • Core Thura-Yura

    • A Nukunu speaker reported that the Nukunu could understand Barngarla and Kuyani, but not more distant varieties.[2]

    Peramangk may have been a southern Thura-Yura language, close to Kaurna.

    Dixon (2002) lists a Nantuwara language, but there is no data for it.

    Proto-language[edit]

    Proto-Thura-Yura
    Reconstruction ofThura-Yura languages

    Reconstructed
    ancestor

    Proto-Pama–Nyungan

    Reconstructed Thura-Yura vocabulary by Simpson and Hercus (2004):[3]

    Spelling conventions
    gloss Proto-Thura-Yura Proto-Core Thura-Yura Northern Thura-Yura Southern Thura-Yura
    all wapu; kurru
    all, many, big *marna
    ashes *muru thimpa
    ashes (charcoal) piirla
    bad *wadLV
    bad (without) *wakV-Na
    bark ?*yulti
    beard ngaNka yaNka
    beard, cheek, hair *maLTa
    belly warna munthu
    belly (abdomen) ?*TiDLi
    big ngarla
    bird THirta
    black maṟu
    blood ?*kaaṟu; *karti
    body: muscle, sinew *THiltya *thiltya
    bone *waLpu *waLpu warlpu
    breast *ngamV
    camp (house) *warDli
    camp (house, ?from “join”) *karrpa *karrpa
    camp (hut) karnku
    chest *kuntu
    child, baby wa(L)kuwa(L)ku
    child, small *kitya yakaCV; waNi
    child, voice of infant *kunga
    cloud *ma(L)ku
    cloud (low, fog) *putyi
    cold (cough) *kuLTV-
    cold, frost *pakaDla
    cold (in head) (y)urrkV-
    cold (weather) *paya-; *mVnyV *manya payala (Probably derived from “to bite”)
    come here! *paNi; *ka *kawayi
    dog *wiLka wiLka (domestic dog) kadli (domestic dog)
    down, below ?*warta- wartathi
    dry *muDLa murdla
    dry, dust *puthV-RV
    ear *yuṟi
    earth *yarta
    egg pipi muka
    elbow *thiDNngi K/NGuNaN-
    eye *mii-na
    eyebrow *piiku
    far (stranger) yampa
    fat *mVrnV *marni
    feather ?*paDLu
    fingernail *pirri
    fire *karDla
    fish *kuya
    fly *thapu
    fly (big fly) *thumpV-Ca *thupV(-Ra)
    food *mayi
    foot *THiDna *thidna
    good *wayV-
    hair, feather *puthi
    hand *maṟa
    head *kaka
    heart thurlku
    hungry karnpa
    knee ?*puṟV *mampa puṟa
    knee (kneecap) *maTa
    leaf karlpi
    liver *Tangka thangka; ngaLTi
    louse *kuDLu *kuDlu
    man (boy after circumcision) pardnaapa
    man (companion) *Nipu
    man (grown-up) *miṟu (grownup man)
    man (husband) marni
    man (initiand) ?*wilya-ṟu ?*ngulta
    man (male, husband) *yarDli
    man (person) ?*Tuṟa *thuṟa
    meat *paRu
    meat, flesh, heart *puLTHA *puLTHa *pultha
    moon *piṟa
    mouth *Taa
    mouth, lip Nimi
    name *mityi
    nape, neck ngurnti, nhurnti; wakarra
    neck *waLTu
    night *nguLTi maLTi
    night, yesterday *wiltya
    north wind, hot weather *pukarra
    north-east wind ngarnara karnaRa
    nose *muDlha *mudlha
    not, do not *madLa mardla; kuta
    now *kaRi
    now, again ?*nhaTa
    now, morning ?*panyi
    now, soon yatha
    old man *puLka
    one *kuma
    other, another, the rest *kutyu
    penis *waRi
    pigface, plant food type (?Carpobrotus_rossii sp.) ?*kaCkaLa *karrkaLa
    red ?*TVLTV- *TaLTHa- thaltha-
    red ochre *miLTi; *karrku
    rib *TiNinyV
    rib, side, flank *pantyi
    road ?*Tapa *Tapa thapa
    root
    rotten, bad-smelling ?*puka *thungkV
    shit, faeces *kuDna *kudna
    shoulder piLpi-
    shoulder, wing *wiṟi
    sick, ill ?*ngaNDa-N
    sick, wound *mingka
    skin ?*paLpa piyi paLpa
    skin, clothes *palhtha
    sky *NayirrV iLkaRV
    sky, cloud and dust ?*wirra
    smoke *puyu
    smoke (stuff for producing smoke) ?*Tumpu
    snake ?*TuDNu wapma
    snake, carpet snake muDLV-
    south and south wind *parrpa
    southerly wind *walypi waitpi
    spear (large) *wiNTa wirnta
    spear (small) *kVya *kaya
    spit *THaDlhi *THadlhi ngapalya; ngalytya
    star *purDli
    stone, adze THurdla
    stone, cooking stone ?*kaDnya
    stone, hill, grinding stone, kneecap *puRi
    stone, limestone *parnta
    stone, quartz-like stone, ice *makV
    sun *THirntu *thirntu
    tail kaDLHa
    testicles *kaDLu *kadLu kardlu
    that (near) *pa- *pa- pa-nha
    that (remote) *ngu- ngunha
    thigh *kaNTHi *kaNTHi kanthi
    thigh, flank, groin ?*paLTi
    this (nearest) *iNHa
    throat *yurDni
    to bite *paya-
    to burn tr. *kampa-
    to burn intr. *ngaDLi-
    to climb ?*warnta-
    to come ?*puDNa-
    to cry, call *kaLTa-
    to cry, tears *muLka
    to cry, to scream *ngaTV-
    to cut ?*waNi-
    to die *paDLu- thinta-; padlu-
    to die, dead *kuDnyu kupa
    to dig *paNi-; ?*paka- pani-
    to drink, to kiss, to manipulate with mouth *THapa- *Tapa- thapa-
    to eat *ngaLku-
    to enter *ngaLpa-
    to fall *warDni-
    to get *manku-
    to get, pick up, lead, bring *kaNka- *kangka-
    to get, take away *mama-
    to give *yungkV- nhungku-
    to go ?*wiNV- nguka-
    to go, walk ?*padNV-
    to hear *yuri- See “ear”.
    to hit with hand *paLTa-
    to hit with missile *nguṟV- nguṟa-
    to hit, cause break in material integrity *pungku-
    to hit, kill *kuNTa- kurnta-
    to know, see *THiLka- *thiLka-
    to leave it *wVNTV- *waNTa- wanthV-
    to lie down *waNTi- wanti-
    to put, to get used to ila-
    to see *nhaku-
    to sit *Tika- thika-
    to sleep, asleep *miya
    to speak *wangka-
    to spear wiTi-
    to stand *yuwa-
    to throw *paTV- patha-
    to tie, support, build ?*karrpV- karrpV-
    tomorrow ?*TarrkV-
    tongue *THa(a)LiN tha(a)rli tha(d)lVnya
    tooth yira Tiya
    tree *wadLa; *wira wardla
    two *puLa puDla; kalypilV purla
    up, above ?*kaNka kanka
    up, above, high *karra
    urine, piss *kumpu
    warm (weather) *warlta
    water *kawi; *kapi
    west *wangka
    what (how many) *-miNV [-]minha
    what? *Na-, ?*Nawi
    when? *nhaDLa-TV
    where? ?*wa-THa *wa-(nha)
    white *paLkV *paLka paLka-ra
    who? (Ergative, Instrumental) *ngaNTu
    who? (Nominative) *ngaNa *ngaNa
    who? (Possessive) *ngaNku
    wind *wari
    woman *pa(a)rla ngangki
    woman, girl *mankarra
    woman, mother, female *ngamV-THV
    woman, wife *kartu
    yam, edible root, plant food type *ngampa
    yesterday *puki
    young one papa

    References[edit]

    Wiktionary has a list of reconstructed forms at Appendix:Proto-Thura-Yura reconstructions
    1. ^ Macquarie Dictionary Aboriginal Words, 1994; p. 66
  • ^ a b Bowern & Koch (2004) Australian Languages: Classification and the Comparative Method
  • ^ Simpson, Jane and Luise Hercus. 2004. Thura-Yura as a Subgroup. In Claire Bowern and Harold Koch (eds.), Australian Languages: Classification and the Comparative Method, 179-206, 580-645. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

    • Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thura-Yura_languages&oldid=1214143709"
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