ピコプランクトン

出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』

picoplankton0.2-2 μm2-20 μm10-12picophytoplankton

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1980

1952Butcher  Chromulina pusilla1960 C. pusilla  Micromonas pusilla 

1979Waterbury  Synechococcus  Johnson  Sieburth 

1982 Johnson  Sieburth 

1983Li Platt 

1986Chisholm  Olson prochlorophytes1992 Prochlorococcus marinus 

1995Courties  Ostreococcus tauri 

2001DNARNA

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B Synechocococus





 Synechococcus  

Flow cytometry

Flow cytometer1,000-10,000SynechococcusProchlorococcus Synechococcus 

1-3 μmultraphytoplankton

HPLC





DNArRNADGGEDenaturing Gel Electrophoresis便

FISHIn situ hybridizationPCR

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SynechococcusProchlorococcus4



 Synechococcus 1979Synechococcus 1 μm沿1 ml10,000



Prochlorococcus 19860.6 μm a/b1 ml100,000









(Thaumarchaeota)16S rRNAFISH"Nitrosopumilus maritimus"Marine group II



2

19901993Robert A. Andersen 1994 Ostreococcus tauri 沿199950

1



 Chlorophyceae
Chlorella nana Butcher1.8-2.6 μm

Nannochloris eukaryotum Naumann 0.8-2.2 μm

 Prasinophyceae
Ostreococcus tauri Courties et Chretiennot-Dinet 1995 0.8 μm

Ostreococcus oceanica 0.8 μm

Pseudoscorfeldia marina Manton 2-3 μm

Pycnococcus provasolii Guillard 1990 1-4 μm

Bathycoccus prasinos Eikrem et Throndsen 1990 1.5-2.5 μm

Prasinococcus capsulatus Miyashita et Chihara 1995 3.5-5 μm

Prasinoderma coloniale Hsegawa et Chihara 1996 2.5-5 μm

Mantoniella squamata (Manton et Parke) Desikachary 3-5 μm

Micromonas pusilla (Butcher) Manton et Parke 1-1.5 μm

Resultor micron (Throndsen) Moestrup 2-4 μm 



 Chrysophyceae
Picophagus flagellatus Guillou et Chretiennot-Dinet 2000 1.5-2 μm

Tetrapalma pelagica Booth 1987 2-5 μm

 Eustigmatophyceae
Nannochloropsis atomus 1.5-4 μm

Nannochloropsis maculata 1.5-4 μm

Nannochloropsis oculata (Droop) Hibberd 1.5-4

Nannochloropsis salina Hibberd 1.5-4 μm

Nannochloropsis gaditana Lubian 2.5-5 μm

Nannochloropsis granulata Karlson et Potter 1982 2-4 μm

 Pelagophyceae
Pelagococcus subviridis Norris 1977 2.5-5.5 μm

Pelagomonas calceolata Andersen et Saunders 1993 1.3-3 μm

Aureococcus anophagefferens Hargraves et Sieburth 1988 2-4 μm

Aureoumbra lagunensis Stockwell et al. 1997 2.5-5 μm

 Pinguiophyceae
Pinguichrysis pyriformis Kawachi 2002 1-3 μm

 Bolidophyceae
Bolidomonas pacifica Guillou et Chretiennot-Dinet 1999 1.5-2 μm

 Bicosoecophyceae
Symbiomonas scintillans Guillou et Chretiennot-Dinet 2000 1-2 μm



 Prymnesiophyceae
Imantonia rotunda Reynolds 1974 2-4 μm



DNA18S rRNA199010

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Synechococcus 沿

Prochlorococcus Synechococcus 西 Prochlorococcus 

沿 Micromonas 

1980111μm -1988 Carpenter  Chang DNADNA

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2000 Prochlorococcus  Synechococcus Ostreococcus BathycoccusMicromonas
ゲノムプロジェクトが進められている
主なピコプランクトン
番号 プロジェクトの主体
Prochlorococcus MED4 JGI
SS120 Genoscope
MIT9312 JGI
MIT9313 JGI
NATL2A JGI
CC9605 JGI
CC9901 JGI
Synechococcus WH8102 JGI
WH7803 Genoscope
RCC307 Genoscope
CC9311 TIGR
Ostreococcus OTTH95 Genoscope

関連項目[編集]

参考文献[編集]

英語版の参考文献[編集]

  • Butcher R (1952). “Contributions to our knowledge of the smaller marine algae”. Journal of the Marine Biological Association UK 31: 175-91. 
  • Manton I, Parke M (1960). “Further observations on small green flagellates with special reference to possible relatives of Chromulina pusilla Butcher”. Journal of the Marine Biological Association UK 39: 275-98. 
  • Waterbury JB et al (1979). “Wide-spread occurrence of a unicellular, marine planktonic, cyanobacterium”. Nature 277: 293-4. 
  • Johnson PW, Sieburth JM (1979). “Chroococcoid cyanobacteria in the sea: a ubiquitous and diverse phototrophic biomass”. Limnology and Oceanography 24: 928-35. 
  • Johnson PW, Sieburth JM (1982). “In-situ morphology and occurrence of eucaryotic phototrophs of bacterial size in the picoplankton of estuarine and oceanic waters”. Journal of Phycology 18: 318-27. 
  • Li WKW et al (1983). “Autotrophic picoplankton in the tropical ocean”. Science 219: 292-5. 
  • Chisholm SW et al (1988). “A novel free-living prochlorophyte occurs at high cell concentrations in the oceanic euphotic zone”. Nature 334: 340-3. 
  • Chisholm SW et al (1992). “Prochlorococcus marinus nov. gen. nov. sp.: an oxyphototrophic marine prokaryote containing divinyl chlorophyll a and b”. Archives of Microbiology 157: 297-300. 
  • Courties C et al (1994). “Smallest eukaryotic organism”. Nature 370: 255. 
  • Lopez-Garcia P et al (2001). “Unexpected diversity of small eukaryotes in deep-sea Antarctic plankton”. Nature 409: 603-7. 
  • Moon-van der Staay SY et al (2001). “Oceanic 18S rDNA sequences from picoplankton reveal unsuspected eukaryotic diversity”. Nature 409: 607-10. 
  • Not F et al (2004). “A single species Micromonas pusilla (Prasinophyceae) dominates the eukaryotic picoplankton in the western English Channel”. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70: 4064-72. 
  • Johnson ZI et al (2006). “Niche partitioning among Prochlorococcus ecotypes along ocean-scale environmental gradients”. Science 311: 1737-40. 
  • Partensky F tet al (1999). “Prochlorococcus, a marine photosynthetic prokaryote of global significance”. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 63: 106-27. 
  • Andersen RA et al (1993). “Ultrastructure and 18S rRNA gene sequence for Pelagomonas calceolata gen. and sp. nov. and the description of a new algal class, the Pelagophyceae classis nov”. Journal of Phycology 29: 701-15. 
  • Guillou L et al (1999). “Bolidomonas : a new genus with two species belonging to a new algal class, the Bolidophyceae (Heterokonta)”. Journal of Phycology 35: 368-81. 
  • Rocap G et al (2003). “Genome divergence in two Prochlorococcus ecotypes reflects oceanic niche differentiation”. Nature 424: 1042-7. 
  • Dufresne A et al (2003). “Genome sequence of the cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus marinus SS120, a nearly minimal oxyphototrophic genome”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 100: 10020-5. 
  • Palenik B et al (2003). “The genome of a motile marine Synechococcus”. Nature 424: 1037-42. 
  • Derelle E et al (2006). “Genome analysis of the smallest free-living eukaryote Ostreococcus tauri unveils many unique features”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 103: 11647-52. 
  • Venter JC et al (2004). “Environmental genome shotgun sequencing of the Sargasso Sea”. Science 304: 66-74. 
  • Palenik B et al (2006). “Genome sequence of Synechococcus CC9311: Insights into adaptation to a coastal environment”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 103: 13555-9. 
  • Zehr JP et al (2001). “Unicellular cyanobacteria fix N2 in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean”. Nature 412: 635-8. 
  • Butcher R (1952). “Contributions to our knowledge of the smaller marine algae”. Journal of the Marine Biological Association UK 31: 175-91. 
  • Eikrem W, Throndsen J (1990). “The ultrastructure of Bathycoccus gen. nov. and B. prasinos sp. nov., a non-motile picoplanktonic alga (Chlorophyta, Prasinophyceae) from the Mediterranean and Atlantic”. Phycologia 29: 344-350. 
  • Chretiennot-Dinet MJ et al (1995). “A new marine picoeucaryote: Ostreococcus tauri gen et sp nov (Chlorophyta, Prasinophyceae)”. Phycologia 34: 285-292. * Sieburth JM et al (1999). “Widespread occurrence of the oceanic ultraplankter, Prasinococcus capsulatus (Prasinophyceae), the diagnostic "Golgi-decapore complex" and the newly described polysaccharide "capsulan"”. Journal of Phycology 35: 1032-43. 
  • Platt T et al (1983). “Photosynthesis of picoplankton in the oligotrophic ocean”. Nature 300: 701-4. 
  • Stomp M et al (2004). “Adaptive divergence in pigment composition promotes phytoplankton biodiversity”. Nature 432: 104-7. 
  • Campbell L et al (1994). “The importance of Prochlorococcus to community structure in the central North Pacific Ocean”. Limnol. Oceanogr. 39: 954-61. 
  • Rappe MS et al (1995). “Chromophyte plastid 16S ribosomal RNA genes found in a clone library from Atlantic Ocean seawater”. Journal of Phycology 31: 979-88. 

外部リンク[編集]