→Footnotes: {{Orbital launches in 1963}}
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{{hatnote|For launches in the first half of the year, see [[1963 in spaceflight (January–June)]], for launches in the second half, see [[1963 in spaceflight (July–December)]]}} |
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{{Use American English|date=August 2021}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2014}} |
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{{Infobox Year in spaceflight |
{{Infobox Year in spaceflight |
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|year = 1963 |
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|image = X15 on B52 wing pylon.jpg |
|image = X15 on B52 wing pylon.jpg |
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|caption = A [[North American X-15]] made two suborbital flights in July and August, becoming the first reusable spacecraft |
|caption = A [[North American X-15]] made two suborbital flights in July and August, becoming the first reusable spacecraft |
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{{TLS-L|alignment=right|fixed=on}} |
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<br clear="both"/> |
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{{clear}} |
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{{TLS-M|1963|half=yes}} |
{{TLS-M|1963|half=yes}} |
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== Deep |
== Deep space rendezvous == |
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{| class=wikitable width="100%" |
{| class=wikitable width="100%" |
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!Date (GMT) |
!Date (GMT) |
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| 5 April || [[Luna 4]] || Flyby of the [[Moon]] || Failed lander, closest approach: {{convert|8336|km}} |
| 5 April || [[Luna 4]] || Flyby of the [[Moon]] || Failed lander, closest approach: {{convert|8336|km}} |
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| 19 June || [[Mars 1]] || |
| 19 June || [[Mars 1]] || First flyby of [[Mars]] || Closest approach: {{convert|193000|km}}, communications system failed before flyby |
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== Notable creations of orbital debris == |
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{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;" |
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!Date/Time (UTC) |
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!Source object |
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!Event type |
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!Pieces tracked |
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!Remarks |
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| 9 May<ref name=ODQNv17i4>{{cite journal|url=http://orbitaldebris.jsc.nasa.gov/newsletter/pdfs/ODQNv17i4.pdf |title=West Ford Needles: Where are They Now? |publisher=[[NASA]] |journal=Orbital Debris Quarterly News |volume=17 |issue=4 |date=October 2013 |access-date=13 February 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305035905/http://orbitaldebris.jsc.nasa.gov/newsletter/pdfs/ODQNv17i4.pdf |archive-date=5 March 2016 }}</ref> |
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| [[Westford Needles|Westford-2]] |
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| Communications experiment |
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| 46<ref name=ODQNv17i4 /> |
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| As part of an experiment to facilitate international telecommunications, the US Military deployed an artificial space ring consisting of hundreds of millions of tiny copper needles<ref> |
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{{citation |first1=I. I. |last1=Shapiro |first2=H. M. |last2=Jones |last3=Perkins |first3=C.W. |title=Orbital properties of the West Ford dipole belt |journal=Proceedings of the IEEE |volume=52 |issue=5 |date=May 1964 |pages=469–518 |doi=10.1109/proc.1964.2992}}</ref> which would act as antennas reflecting radio signals at the target wavelength of 8 GHz. A large proportion of the needles were not dispersed properly and remained stuck in clumps that were discovered and tracked by the [[Space Surveillance Network|SSN]] between 1966 and 1991. {{asof|2013|10}}, 46 of the 144 detected debris clumps remain in orbit.<ref name=ODQNv17i4 /> The needles that were properly dispersed are believed to have decayed.<ref name=ODQNv17i4 /> |
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This event prompted international protests<ref name="airforce-history">{{citation |
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| url = http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/space/terrill.pdf |
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| title = The Air Force Role in Developing International Outer Space Law |
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| last1 = Terrill Jr. |
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| first1 = Delbert R. |
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| journal = Air Force History and Museums Program |
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| publisher = Air University Press |
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| location = Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama |
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| date = May 1999 |
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| page = 63 |
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| access-date = 13 February 2016 |
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| archive-date = 17 April 2018 |
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| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180417023607/http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/space/terrill.pdf |
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| url-status = live |
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}}</ref><ref name="nasa-history">{{citation |
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| url = https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4217/intro.htm |
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| title = Beyond the Ionosphere: The Development of Satellite Communications |
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| series = The NASA History Series |
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| publisher = NASA |
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| work = history.nasa.gov |
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| editor1-last = Butrica |
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| editor1-first = Andrew J. |
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| access-date = 12 July 2017 |
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| archive-date = 25 December 2017 |
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| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171225231626/https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4217/intro.htm |
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| url-status = live |
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}}</ref><ref name="Bondi1962">{{citation |
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| title = West Ford Project, Introductory Note by the Secretary |
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| last1 = Bondi |
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| first1 = H. |
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| date = June 1962 |
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| journal = Quarterly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society |
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| volume = 3 |
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| page = 99 |
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| bibcode = 1962QJRAS...3...99. |
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}}</ref><ref name="nytimes1961">{{Citation |
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| publication-date = 23 October 1961 |
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| date = 22 October 1961 |
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| title = Protests Continue Abroad |
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| periodical = The New York Times |
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| place = London |
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| page = 12 |
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| issn = 0362-4331 |
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}}</ref> and influenced the drafting of the 1967 [[Outer Space Treaty]].<ref name="airforce-history"/> |
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|} |
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==Orbital launch summary== |
==Orbital launch summary== |
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===By country=== |
===By country=== |
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{{TLS-PC|1963|USA=1|USSR=1}} |
{{TLS-PC|1963|USA=1|USSR=1}} |
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| {{USA}} || 46 || 35 || 8 || 3 || |
| {{USA}} || 46 || 35 || 8 || 3 || |
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{{clear}} |
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===By rocket=== |
===By rocket=== |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{TLS-R}} |
{{TLS-R}} |
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===Footnotes=== |
===Footnotes=== |
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{{reflist|2}} |
{{reflist|2}} |
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<br> |
<br> |
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{{TLS-L|year= |
{{TLS-L|year=1963|nav=on|state=expanded}} |
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{{Orbital launches in 1963}} |
{{Orbital launches in 1963}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:1963 In Spaceflight}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:1963 In Spaceflight}} |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:1963 in spaceflight| ]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Spaceflight by year]] |
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[[Category:1963 in spaceflight]] |
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[[ja:1963年の宇宙飛行]] |
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ANorth American X-15 made two suborbital flights in July and August, becoming the first reusable spacecraft
| |
Orbital launches | |
---|---|
First | 4 January |
Last | 21 December |
Total | 70 |
Successes | 50 |
Failures | 17 |
Partial failures | 3 |
Catalogued | 55 |
Rockets | |
Maiden flights | Atlas LV-3A Agena-D Atlas LV-3C Centaur-B Polyot 11A59 Scout X-2B Scout X-3M Scout X-4 Thor DSV-2A Ablestar TAT SLV-2A Agena-B TAT SLV-2A Agena-D Voskhod 11A57 |
Retirements | Atlas LV-3B Atlas LV-3C Centaur-B Scout X-2B Scout X-2M Scout X-3M |
Crewed flights | |
Orbital | 3 |
Suborbital | 2 |
Total travellers | 4 |
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Date (GMT) | Spacecraft | Event | Remarks |
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5 April | Luna 4 | Flyby of the Moon | Failed lander, closest approach: 8,336 kilometres (5,180 mi) |
19 June | Mars 1 | First flyby of Mars | Closest approach: 193,000 kilometres (120,000 mi), communications system failed before flyby |
Date/Time (UTC) | Source object | Event type | Pieces tracked | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|
9 May[1] | Westford-2 | Communications experiment | 46[1] | As part of an experiment to facilitate international telecommunications, the US Military deployed an artificial space ring consisting of hundreds of millions of tiny copper needles[2] which would act as antennas reflecting radio signals at the target wavelength of 8 GHz. A large proportion of the needles were not dispersed properly and remained stuck in clumps that were discovered and tracked by the SSN between 1966 and 1991. As of October 2013[update], 46 of the 144 detected debris clumps remain in orbit.[1] The needles that were properly dispersed are believed to have decayed.[1]
This event prompted international protests[3][4][5][6] and influenced the drafting of the 1967 Outer Space Treaty.[3] |
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Orbital launch attempts by country in 1963 |
Country | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures |
Remarks |
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![]() |
24 | 15 | 9 | 0 | |
![]() |
46 | 35 | 8 | 3 |
Orbital regime | Launches | Achieved | Not Achieved | Accidentally Achieved |
Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Low Earth | 57 | 44 | 13 | 2 | |
Medium Earth | 5 | 4 | 1 | 0 | |
High Earth | 5 | 3 | 2 | 0 | Including Highly elliptical orbits |
Geosynchronous/transfer | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Heliocentric | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Generic references: