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The 1902 United States House of Representatives elections were held for the most part on November 4, 1902, with Oregon, Maine, and Vermont holding theirs early in either June or September. They occurred in the middle of President Theodore Roosevelt's first term, about a year after the assassination of President William McKinley in September 1901. Elections were held for 386 seats of the United States House of Representatives, representing 45 states, to serve in the 58th United States Congress.
Due to the increased size of the House and the reapportionment that resulted from the 1900 U.S. census, the Republican Party and the Democratic Party both gained seats simultaneously, which has not occurred in any elections since. The Democrats increased their share of the House, but not by enough to regain control.
With a stable economy and no cornerstone issue, Democratic gains can mostly be linked to the effects of redistricting. Many of the new seats were in areas with high numbers of immigrants (mostly Eastern and Southern European industrial workers, and Northern European farmers), with new immigrants tending to vote Democrat. The Populist Party disappeared from the House, with its supporters almost unanimously switching to the Democratic Party.[citation needed]
This election marked the third and most recent time in American history where the incumbent president's party gained House seats in a midterm election while still losing seats in the Senate, the first two being in 1814 and 1822.
29 new seats were added in reapportionment following the 1900 census.[3] No states lost seats, 16 had no change in apportionment, 14 gained 1 seat, 3 gained 2 seats, and 3 gained 3 seats. Two of the states that gained representation elected the new seat at-large.
176 | 3 | 207 |
Democratic | IR | Republican |
State | Type | Total seats | Democratic | Republican | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Seats | Change | Seats | Change | Seats | Change | ||
Alabama | Districts | 9 | 9 | 0 | |||
Arkansas | Districts | 7 | 1 | 7 | 1 | 0 | |
California | Districts | 8 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 2 |
Colorado | District +at-large[f] |
3[g] | 1 | 0 | 3 | 2[h] | |
Connecticut | District +at-large[f] |
5 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 1 | |
Delaware | At-large | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
Florida | Districts | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 0 | |
Georgia | Districts | 11 | 11 | 0 | |||
Idaho | At-large | 1[g] | 0 | 1 | 1 | ||
Illinois | Districts | 25 | 3 | 8 | 3 | 17 | 6 |
Indiana | Districts | 13 | 4 | 9 | |||
Iowa | Districts | 11 | 1 | 1 | 10 | 1 | |
Kansas | District +at-large |
8 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 1 | |
Kentucky | Districts | 11 | 10 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Louisiana | Districts | 7 | 1 | 7 | 1 | 0 | |
Maine[i] | Districts | 4 | 0 | 4 | |||
Maryland | Districts | 6 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 2 | |
Massachusetts | Districts | 14 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 10 | |
Michigan | Districts | 12 | 1 | 1 | 11 | 1 | |
Minnesota | Districts | 9 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 8 | 1 |
Mississippi | Districts | 8 | 1 | 8 | 1 | 0 | |
Missouri | Districts | 16 | 1 | 15 | 3 | 1 | 2 |
Montana | At-large | 1[g] | 0 | 1 | 1 | ||
Nebraska | Districts | 6[j] | 1 | 1 | 5 | 3 | |
Nevada | At-large | 1 | 1 | 0 | |||
New Hampshire | Districts | 2 | 0 | 2 | |||
New Jersey | Districts | 10 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 7 | 1 |
New York | Districts | 37 | 3 | 17 | 4 | 20 | 1 |
North Carolina | Districts | 10 | 1 | 10 | 3 | 0 | 2 |
North Dakota | At-large | 2 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | |
Ohio | Districts | 21 | 4 | 17 | |||
Oregon[i] | Districts | 2 | 0 | 2 | |||
Pennsylvania | District[k] | 32 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 29[d] | 3 |
Rhode Island | Districts | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
South Carolina | Districts | 7 | 7 | 0 | |||
South Dakota | At-large | 2 | 0 | 2 | |||
Tennessee | Districts | 10 | 8 | 2 | |||
Texas | Districts | 16 | 3 | 16 | 3 | 0 | |
Utah | At-large | 1 | 0 | 1 | |||
Vermont[i] | Districts | 2 | 0 | 2 | |||
Virginia | Districts | 10 | 9 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Washington | At-large | 3 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 1 | |
West Virginia | Districts | 5 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 1 | |
Wisconsin | Districts | 11 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 10 | |
Wyoming | At-large | 1 | 0 | 1 | |||
Total | 386 | 29 | 176 45.6% |
25 | 210[d] 54.4% |
9 |
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The previous election had 5 Populists, but the party completely disappeared from the U.S. House in the 1902 elections.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
New York 7 | Nicholas Muller | Democratic | 1876 (retired) 1882 (retired) 1898 |
Incumbent resigned November 2, 1901. New member elected. Republican gain. |
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Pennsylvania 17 | Rufus King Polk | Democratic | 1898 | Incumbent died March 5, 1902. New member elected November 4, 1902. Democratic hold. |
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Kentucky 3 | John S. Rhea | Democratic | 1896 | Election successfully contested. New member seated March 25, 1902. Republican gain. |
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Massachusetts 6 | William Henry Moody | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent resigned May 1, 1902 to become U.S. Secretary of the Navy. New member elected November 4, 1902. Republican hold. |
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Missouri 12 | James Joseph Butler | Democratic | 1901 | Seat declared vacant. Incumbent re-elected November 4, 1902 to finish his term. Special election later successfully contested by George C. R. Wagoner. |
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New York 10 | Amos J. Cummings | Democratic | 1886 | Incumbent died May 2, 1902. New member elected November 4, 1902. Democratic hold. Winner not elected to full term; see below. |
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Virginia 6 | Nicholas Muller | Democratic | 1894 | Incumbent died May 4, 1902. New member elected November 4, 1902. Democratic hold. Winner also elected to full term; see below. |
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New Jersey 4 | Joshua S. Salmon | Democratic | 1898 | Incumbent died May 6, 1902. New member elected June 18, 1902. Democratic hold. |
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Texas 3 | Reese C. De Graffenreid | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent died August 29, 1902. New member elected November 4, 1902. Democratic hold. |
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New York 26 | George W. Ray | Republican | 1882 | Incumbent resigned September 11, 1902. New member elected November 4, 1902. Republican hold. |
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Texas 4 | John L. Sheppard | Democratic | 1898 | Incumbent died October 11, 1902. New member elected November 15, 1902. Democratic hold. |
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Connecticut 3 | Charles Addison Russell | Republican | 1886 | Incumbent died October 23, 1902. New member elected November 4, 1902. Republican hold. |
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All the states held their elections November 4, 1902, except for 3 states, with 8 seats among them:
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District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
California 1 | Samuel D. Woods Redistricted from the 2nd district |
Republican | 1900 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold. |
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California 2 | Frank Coombs Redistricted from the 1st district |
Republican | 1900 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
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California 3 | Victor H. Metcalf | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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California 4 | Julius Kahn | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
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California 5 | Eugene F. Loud | Republican | 1890 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
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California 6 | James C. Needham Redistricted from the 7th district |
Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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California 7 | James McLachlan Redistricted from the 6th district |
Republican | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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California 8 | None (New district) | New district. Republican gain. |
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District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Florida 1 | Stephen M. Sparkman | Democratic | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Florida 2 | Robert Wyche Davis | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Florida 3 | None (New district) | New district. Democratic gain. |
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District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Idaho at-large | Thomas L. Glenn | Populist | 1900 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican gain. |
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District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Maryland 1 | William H. Jackson | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Maryland 2 | Albert Blakeney | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
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Maryland 3 | Frank C. Wachter | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Maryland 4 | Charles R. Schirm | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
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Maryland 5 | Sydney Emanuel Mudd I | Republican | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Maryland 6 | George A. Pearre | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected |
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District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Massachusetts 1 | George P. Lawrence | Republican | 1897 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Massachusetts 2 | Frederick H. Gillett | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Massachusetts 3 | John R. Thayer | Democratic | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Massachusetts 4 | Charles Q. Tirrell | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Massachusetts 5 | William S. Knox | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold. |
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Massachusetts 6 | Vacant | Incumbent resigned May 1, 1902 to become U.S. Secretary of the Navy. New member elected. Republican hold. |
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Massachusetts 7 | Ernest W. Roberts | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Massachusetts 8 | Samuel W. McCall | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Massachusetts 9 | Joseph A. Conry | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Citizens Democratic gain. |
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Massachusetts 10 | Henry F. Naphen | Democratic | 1898 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
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Massachusetts 11 | None (New district) | New district. Democratic gain. |
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Massachusetts 12 | Samuel L. Powers | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Massachusetts 13 | William S. Greene | Republican | 1898 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Massachusetts 14 | William C. Lovering | Republican | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Mississippi 1 | Ezekiel S. Candler Jr. | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Mississippi 2 | Thomas Spight | Democratic | 1898 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Mississippi 3 | Pat Henry | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent lost renomination. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
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Mississippi 4 | Andrew F. Fox | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
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Mississippi 5 | None (New district) | New district. Democratic gain. |
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Mississippi 6 | None (New district) | New district. Democratic gain. |
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Mississippi 7 | Charles E. Hooker | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent retired. Democratic loss. |
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Frank A. McLain Redistricted from the 6th district. |
Democratic | 1898 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
Mississippi 8 | John S. Williams Redistricted from the 5th district. |
Democratic | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Montana at-large | Caldwell Edwards | Populist | 1900 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican gain. |
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District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Nebraska 1 | Elmer Burkett | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Nebraska 2 | David H. Mercer | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
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Nebraska 3 | John S. Robinson | Democratic | 1898 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain. |
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Nebraska 4 | William L. Stark | Populist | 1896 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain. |
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Nebraska 5 | Ashton C. Shallenberger | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain. |
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Nebraska 6 | William Neville | Populist | 1899 (special) | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican gain. |
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District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
North Dakota at-large 2 seats on a general ticket |
Thomas F. Marshall | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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None (New seat) | New seat. Republican gain. |
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District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Oregon 1 | Thomas H. Tongue | Republican | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected, but died before next term began. |
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Oregon 2 | Malcolm A. Moody | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent lost renomination. New member elected. Republican hold. |
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District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
South Carolina 1 | William Elliott | Democratic | 1886 1896 |
Incumbent retired to run for U.S. senator. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
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South Carolina 2 | W. Jasper Talbert | Democratic | 1892 | Incumbent retired to run for Governor of South Carolina. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
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South Carolina 3 | Asbury Latimer | Democratic | 1892 | Incumbent retired to run for U.S. senator. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
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South Carolina 4 | Joseph T. Johnson | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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South Carolina 5 | David E. Finley | Democratic | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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South Carolina 6 | Robert B. Scarborough | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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South Carolina 7 | Asbury F. Lever | Democratic | 1901 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
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District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
South Dakota at-large (2 seats elected on a general ticket) |
Charles H. Burke | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Eben Martin | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Tennessee 1 | Walter P. Brownlow | Republican | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Tennessee 2 | Henry R. Gibson | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Tennessee 3 | John A. Moon | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Tennessee 4 | Charles E. Snodgrass | Democratic | 1898 | Incumbent lost renomination. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
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Tennessee 5 | James D. Richardson | Democratic | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Tennessee 6 | John W. Gaines | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Tennessee 7 | Lemuel P. Padgett | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Tennessee 8 | Thetus W. Sims | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Tennessee 9 | Rice A. Pierce | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Tennessee 10 | Malcolm R. Patterson | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Washington at-large (3 seats elected on a general ticket) |
Wesley L. Jones | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
Others
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Francis W. Cushman | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
None (new seat) | New seat. Republican gain. |
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
West Virginia 1 | Blackburn B. Dovener | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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West Virginia 2 | Alston G. Dayton | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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West Virginia 3 | Joseph H. Gaines | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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West Virginia 4 | None (New district) | New district. Republican gain. |
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West Virginia 5 | James A. Hughes Redistricted from the 4th district |
Republican | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Wisconsin elected eleven members of congress on Election Day, November 4, 1902.[40][41] This was Wisconsin's first election with eleven congressional seats, up from ten in the previous term.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Wisconsin 1 | Henry Allen Cooper | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Wisconsin 2 | Herman B. Dahle | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent lost renomination. New member elected. Republican hold. |
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Wisconsin 3 | Joseph W. Babcock | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Wisconsin 4 | Theobald Otjen | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Wisconsin 5 | Samuel S. Barney | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold. |
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Wisconsin 6 | James H. Davidson | Republican | 1896 | Incumbent redistricted to 8th district. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
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Wisconsin 7 | John J. Esch | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Wisconsin 8 | Edward S. Minor | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent redistricted to 9th district. New member elected. Republican hold. |
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Wisconsin 9 | Webster E. Brown | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent redistricted to 10th district. New member elected. Republican hold. |
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Wisconsin 10 | John J. Jenkins | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent redistricted to 11th district. New member elected. Republican hold. |
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Wisconsin 11 | None (new seat) | New seat. Republican gain. |
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District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Wyoming at-large | Frank W. Mondell | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Delegate | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Arizona Territory at-large | Marcus A. Smith | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent retired. New delegate elected. Democratic hold. |
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Hawaii Territory at-large | Robert Wilcox | Home Rule | 1900 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain. |
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New Mexico Territory at-large | |||||
Oklahoma Territory at-large | Dennis T. Flynn | Republican | 1892 1894 (lost) 1898 |
Incumbent retired. New delegate elected. Republican hold. |
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