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Assamese-Bengali | |
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Gauda–Kamarupa | |
Geographic distribution | Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Nepal |
Linguistic classification | Indo-European |
Early form | |
Glottolog | gaud1237 (Gauda–Kamrupa) |
A map showing geographical distribution of the sub-branches of Assamese-Bengali languages according to the classification of Suniti Kumar Chatterji.[2] |
The Assamese-Bengali languages (also Gauda–Kamarupa languages) is a grouping of several languages in the eastern Indian subcontinent. This group belongs to the Eastern zoneofIndo-Aryan languages. The languages in this group according to Glottolog includes Assamese, Bengali, Bishnupriya, Chakma, Chittagonian, Hajong, Kharia Thar, Kurmukar, Lodhi (also categorised as a Munda language), Mal Paharia, Noakhailla, Rajbangshi, Rohingya, Sylheti, Tangchangya and Surjapuri.
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* = borrowed terms (including tatsamas, ardhatatsamas and other borrowings)
English | Assamese | Bengali | Chakma | Chittagonian | Hajong | Kamata | Rohingya | Sylheti |
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beautiful | dhunia, xundor | shundor | dol | dishar,šundor | cúndor*, hásin* | šundor*, kubsurot*, mayasurot | ||
big | daṅor/daṅar, bor | boṛo, ḍagor, ḍaṅor | đôñr | boro, daṅar | boro, ákbor*, kobira* | boṛo | ||
blood | tez, rokto* | rôkto*, khun*, lohu | lo | lou, rôktô | lou, hún*, kún* | lou, roxto*, kun* | ||
bread | ruti (flat), pau*ruti, luf*, bred* | pão*ruṭi, ruṭi (flat) | fõruţi | fiçá, luthi | ruṭi (flat), luf* | |||
brother | bhai (younger), kokai/kaka (elder), dada (elder)* | bhai, dada, bhaiya | bái, bôdda | bhai | bái | bái | ||
cat | mekuri, birali, biral | biṛal, beṛal, billi, bilai, biṛali | bilai,bilei | bilai | mekur, bilai | |||
dark | andhar, endhar | ãdhar, andhar, ondhokar* | ãdár | añdár, miyonda | andáir | |||
daughter | zi, mai, zhia | meye, konna*, jhi | zee, maifuā | beti | futúni, zíi | zi, fuṛi | ||
day | din, rüz*, bela | din, bêla, roz*, dibôš* | din | din | din | din, ruz* | ||
dog | kukur | kukur, kutta | kutto | kuñr | atu, kutta | |||
door | duar*, dorza*, dar | dôrza*, duar*, doja*, dôroza*, dôrwaza* | duōr, kebar | duar* | duar* | xeir, dorza*, duar* | ||
earth | bhũi, p(r)ithiwi/p(r)ithibi*, dunia* | duniya*, prithibi*, dhora, jahan* | duniye,fithibi, | duniyai* | duniai*, dunia*, zahan* | |||
egg | koni, dima | ḍim, anḍa, boida* | boda* | đim,anḍa | ḍima | andha, dhim | enḍa, ḍim, boida* | |
elephant | hati | hati | áti | hati | áñti, háñtih | átti | ||
eye | soku, sokhu, noyon* | chokh, chokkhu*, ãkhi, noyon* | sóg | suk | soku, uki, souk | |||
father | deuta*, bap, büpai/bapa, baba*, aba/abba/abu/abbu* | bap, abba, baba, waled*, abbu*, babaji, pita* | baf, ba,abba | abbá* | baf, bazi | |||
fear | bhoy, dor | bhôy*, ḍor | đôr | ḍor | ḍor | |||
finger | aṅuli | aṅgul, onguli* | ôuñl | ouñl | aṅguil | |||
fire | zui, aguni*, ogni* | agun, ogni*, nar*, atosh*, anol*, pabok*, dahon* | ôin* | ooin* | aguin*, nar*, atosh* | |||
fish | mas | machh | mas | mas | mas | mas, mai* | ||
food | khüabostu*, ahar*, khayddo*, khana* | khabar, khaon, khana*, khani*, khaddo*, ahar* | hána | hána, háñna | xani | |||
god | bhogowan*, issôr*, deu, khüda* | Khoda*, isshôr*, bhagôban*,allah* ,shrishtikarta*, Ishôr | khúda*,rôb, ūôr ôla | ila*, rob*, ixor* | mobud*, mola*, rob*, xoda*, bhogòban* | |||
good | bhal | bhalo | bála, gôm | bhala | bhal | gom | bála | |
grass | ghah, kher (hay) | ghaš, khôṛ (hay) | kér | ghaṣ | kérr | ga, gaš | ||
hand | hat | hat | át | hat | árt | át | ||
hand fan | bisoni | hat-pakha, biuni, bijoni | bisôin, bisein | bisoin, fanka | ||||
head | mur, matha, math | matha, shir*, kolla* | mata, hôlla | matá | sir*, xolla*, mata | |||
heart (emotion) | hia, ontor*, koliza/koilza, hidoy* | hridôy*, ôntor*, hiya, dil*, kolob*, kolija | dil*, hôilze, ridôy, ôntôr | dil* | dil*, hia | |||
heart (organ) | dil, amothu | hritpindo*,dil*, kolija | dil* | gurda | ||||
horse | ghüra | ghoṛa | gúṛa | gúñra, gúra | gúṛa | |||
house | ghor | ghôr, baṛi, basha, khana* | gór | gor, bari | gór, bari, xan* | |||
hunger | bhük | khudha*, khida*, khide*, bhuk | búk | búk | buk, feto(r) buk | |||
language | bhaxa*, mat (call), kotha*, raw | bhaša*, buli, joban* | hodá* | basha,zúban,buli | raw, bhaṣa* | zoban*, hodá* | mat, bul, rau, zoban*, basha* | |
laughter | hahi | haši | aši | haṣi | aši | |||
life | ziwon/zibon, ziu (soul), zindegi*, hayat* | jiu, jibôn*, zindegi*, hayat* | zibon,zindegi*,hayat* | zibon | zindegi*, hayat* | |||
moon | zün, san(d), sond(r)o* | chád, chôndro*,bôdôr*, shashôdhor*, chand | sãn | san | san | san(d), sondoni | ||
mother | ma, ai, mai, ammi/amma* | ma, amma*, ammu, waleda*, mata*, ai, mamoni | ma | maö, ai | mai, ai, maizi | |||
mouth | mukh* | mukh* | mukh* | muk* | muk* | |||
name | nam, naü | nam | nam | nam | nam | |||
night | rati, nixa*, ratri* | rat, ratri*, shob* | rait | rati | rait | rait, rati, nii, shob*, lailot* | ||
peace | xanti*, xokah | shanti*, aman*, salamôt* | šanti* | ṣanti* | niraii, shanti*, salamôt* | |||
place | thai, zega/zaga*, than | jayga*, ṭhai, sthan*, jaga* | ṭai, zāga* | zega*, tan | ||||
queen | rani | rani, shahbanu* | rani | rani | rani | rani, razbibi, sha(h)banu* | ||
rest | zironi, aram* | aram*, bisram*, jirano*, jiron* | dom*,zirôn,aram gôrôn | zirani, aram* | ||||
river | noi, gaṅ, nodi* | nôdi*, doriya*, ɡaṅg | dôijja*,dôirge | hál | ɡaṅg, nodi* | |||
road | bat, ali, rasta*, poth* | rasta*, shoṛok, pôth* | sorox, rah*, rasta*, ail, fot* | |||||
salt | nimokh*, lün, nun | lôbôn*, nun, nomok* | nun, lôbôn* | nimox*, nun, lobon* | ||||
sister | bhoni (younger), ba/bai (elder) | apa, bon, didi, apu, api, didimoni, bubu, boin | bóin,afa/bôbbu/dî/afu (elder) | bóin, buai | ||||
small | xoru | chhoṭo, pati | guro | huru, nii, kuṭimuti, gura, titkina, geda, suṭu | ||||
son | put, pü, putro/putto* | chhele, putro*, put, poa, bêṭa | (morod) fuā, fut | beṭa | fut | fut, fua | ||
soul | ziu, atma* | attã*, pran*, pôran*, ruh*,jiu | foran*, rû* | ru*, atma*, zaan* | ||||
sun | beli, xuruz*, xuydzo* | shurjo*, shuruj* | beil, šuroz* | beil | suruz*, shurzo* | |||
ten | doh, dos* | dosh | doš | doṣ | dosh, do | |||
three | tini | tin | tín | tin | tin | |||
village | gaü | gram*, gã, gão | geram | gau | ||||
waist | kokal, kakal | komor*, maja | keĩl | keñil | xomor*, xaxal | |||
water | pani | pani, jôl* | fani | pani | pani, zol* | faní | fani, ab*, tam | |
when | ketia, ketiyake | kôkhon, kobe, kon shomoy*, kon bêla | hótte | könbela | kunbala(n->m), kunomoy | |||
wind | botah/batah, hawa* | batash*, hawa*, ba, bayu*, bao, bat*, anil* | ába*, bataš* | boyar, batash*, hawa* | ||||
wolf | kukurnesia bagh, xial (jackal, fox) | nekṛe-bagh, sheyal/shiyal (jackal, fox) | neṛi kutta | atubag, hial (jackal, fox) | ||||
woman | maiki manuh, tiri*, tirüta, mohila* | mohila*, nari*, beṭi manush, ccheri | maiye fua,maifuā (soft) | beṭi saöa | beṭi, moíla* | |||
year | bosor, son* | bochhor, shal*, borsho* | bosor | bosor | fira, bosor, son*, shal* | |||
yes | hoy, o, ü̃, mm | hễ, ji*, agge, hã | ô, ôy | ô, ôy | óe, i, zi* óe | |||
no | nohoy, nai, ühü, na | na, nai, nay, noy, nei, non | nô, nôy | nô, nôy | na, nai, nay | |||
yesterday | kali, züa-kali | (goto*-)kal(-ke), (gelo-)kal(-ke),kal(-ke) | goto* hail, goto* halia | (gese-)xail(-ku), xail(-ku) | ||||
English | Assamese | Bengali | Chakma | Chittagonian | Hajong | Kamata | Rohingya | Sylheti |
* = borrowed terms (including tatsamas, ardhatatsamas and other borrowings)
English | Assamese | Sylheti | Bengali | Chakma | Chittagonian | Kamata | Rohingya | Hajong |
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ask | xudh-, xudhpus kor- (investigate) | zika-, fus-, zar- | jiggaśa kor-, puchh-, puch kor-, jiggesh kor-, jiga- | pũsar ɡor- | ||||
bite | kamur-, kamür mar- | xamṛa-, xamor mar- | kamoṛ mar-, kamṛa- | hõr- | ||||
blow | phu de-, phuk-, phu kor- | fu de-, hu de- | phu de- | |||||
breathe | uxah lo- | dom lo- | šãš ne-, šãš lo-, dôm ne-, dôm lo- | |||||
bring | an- | an- | an- | an- | ||||
can | par- | far- | par- | |||||
catch | dhor- | dór- | dhôr- | |||||
come | ah- | a- | aś- | a- | a- | ah- | ||
count | gon-, hisap kor-, gonti kor- | gon-, isab xor- | gon-, hišab kôr- | |||||
cry | kand-, kan- | xand-, xan- | kãd- | hãd- | ||||
cut | kat- | xaṭ- | kaṭ- | |||||
do | kor- | xor- | kôr- | gor- | ɡor- | |||
die | mor-, dhuka- | mor- | môr- | mor- | ||||
dig | khand- | kur-, kus- | khõṛ-, khõc- | |||||
drink | kha-, pi kha-, pi- | xa-, fia xa-, fi- | kha-, pan kor-, pi- | |||||
eat | kha- | xa- | kha- | há- | ||||
fall | por- | foṛ- | poṛ- | |||||
fear | bhoy kha-, dora- | ḍora- | bhoy pa-, ḍora- | |||||
fight | zũz-, maramari/moramori kor- | mair xor-, xaijja xor- | maramari kor-, jhogṛa kôr- | |||||
float | üpoṅ-, bhah- | bai-, bo- | bhaš- | |||||
flow | bo- | bo- | bo- | |||||
fly | ur- | uṛ- | uṛ- | ur- | ur- | |||
give | de-, di- | de-, di- | de- | |||||
go | za-, ɡo-/ge- | za-, ɡo-, ɡe- | ja-, ɡe- | za-, zo- | za-, zo- | |||
happen | ho- | ó- | ho- | ó- | ||||
hear | xun- | hun- | śun- | un- | ||||
hit | mar-, pit-, kila- | mar-, fiț-, kila- | mar-, kela- | |||||
kill | mar-, mari pela- | mar-, mari de- | mar-, mere fel-, mariya fal- | |||||
know | zan- | zan- | jan- | |||||
laugh | hah- | aś- | haś- | aś- | ||||
learn | xik-, xikh- | hik- | śekh-, śikh- | hik- | ||||
lie (in bed) | baɡor-, kati ho-, bisonat/bisnat por- | xait o-, hut- | shuye por- | |||||
live | thak-, zi(ai) thak-, tik-, basi thak- | tax-, zia-, basi tax- | thak-, jibito thak-, jinda thak-, bece thak-, bãchiya thak- | thah- | ||||
look | sa- | sa- | dekh-, ca-, taka- | sa- | ||||
open | khul- | kúa- | khol-, khul- | uid-, khúl- | ||||
play | khel- | xél- | khel- | |||||
pull | tan- | ṭan- | ṭan- | |||||
push | thel- | ṭel-, dekka- | ṭhel- | |||||
read | porh/poh/por- | foṛ- | poṛ- | foṛ- | ||||
run | dour-, daur- | douṛ- | douṛa-, choṭ-, chuṭ- | dũr- | ||||
say | ko-, mat-, bul- | xo-, mat- | bol-, ko- | ho- | ho- | |||
scratch | ãsür- | xawza-, xamsa- | ãcoṛ de-, ãcṛa-, khamca- | |||||
see | dekh- | dex- | dekh- | sa- | ||||
sew | xi-, sila-, bo- (weave) | sia- | śela-, śila | |||||
sing | ɡa-, gan ga- | ɡa- | ɡa-, gan ga- | |||||
sit | boh- | bo- | boś- | bo- | ||||
sleep | xu-, ɡhuma-, tüponi za/mar- | hut-, ɡúma- | ɡhuma-, śo-, śu- | ɡhum za- | ||||
smell | xuṅ- | huṅ(ɡ)- | śũk-, śõk- | ũ- | ||||
spit | thu pela-, pik-, pik pela- | sef fal-, fik fal- (betel nut/leaf) | thu phel-, thu phal- | |||||
split | phal- | atra- | bhag kor-, bhang- | |||||
squeeze | sep-, hẽs- | sif- | cap-, pesh-, cip- | |||||
stand | thio ho-, thia- | uba- | dãṛa-, khaṛa- | thio- | tía- | |||
stab | khũs-, han- | kus-, gauua- | ||||||
suck | suh-, sup-, xüh- | sua- | chosh-, chush- | |||||
swell | ful-, fit- | phuler | ||||||
swim | xatũr- | hatra- | śatar kor-, shatra- | |||||
think | bhab-, sinta kor-, sint- | bab-, sinta xor- | bhab-, cinta kôr-, mone kôr- | |||||
throw | dolia- | ița-, iṭa mar- | chõṛ-, ḍhêla mar-, dol- | |||||
tie | bandh- | ban(d)- | bãdh- | |||||
vomit | bomi kor- | bait xor- | bomi kor- | |||||
walk | khüz karh-, bul- | aṭ- | hãṭ- | ãd- | ||||
want | lag-, bisar- | maɡ-, sa- | ca- | sa- | ||||
wash | dhu- | dó- | dho- | dú- | ||||
wipe | mos-, müs- | fus-, mus- | moch-, much-, poch-, puch- | |||||
English | Assamese | Sylheti | Bengali | Chakma | Chittagonian | Kamata | Rohingya | Hajong |
Generally, the Rajbongshi language is known as Rangpuri in Bangladesh and Kamta or Rajbangshi in India. The language is usually written in Bengali script in Bangladesh, while the Kamtapura script is favored in India. In Nepal, the language is Devanagari script which is also sometimes used by the Indian Rajbongshis.
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Dardic |
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Northern |
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Northwestern |
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Western |
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Central |
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Eastern |
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Southern |
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Old |
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Middle |
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Proto- languages |
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Unclassified |
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Pidgins and creoles |
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