The chloride cocaine esterase (EC 3.1.1.84, CocE, hCE2, hCE-2, human carboxylesterase 2; systematic name cocaine benzoylhydrolase)[1][2][3][4][5]catalyses the reaction
The theoretical molecular mass is 62,128 Da.[6] This enzyme and redesigned versions of it have been studied as a potential treatment for cocaine addiction in humans.[7]
TNX-1300 (T172R/G173Q double-mutant cocaine esterase 200 mg, i.v. solution)[8] is being developed under an Investigational New Drug application (IND) for the treatment of cocaine intoxication.[9] TNX-1300 (formerly known as RBP-8000) is a recombinant protein enzyme produced through rDNA technology in a non-disease-producing strain of E. coli bacteria. Cocaine Esterase (CocE) was identified in bacteria (Rhodococcus) that use cocaine as its sole source of carbon and nitrogen and that grow in soil surrounding coca plants.[10] The gene encoding CocE was identified and the protein was extensively characterized.[1][4][10][11] CoCE catalyzes the breakdown of cocaine into metabolite ecgonine methyl ester and benzoic acid. Wild-type CocE is unstable at body temperature, so targeted mutations were introduced in the CocE gene and resulted in the T172R/G173Q Double-Mutant CocE, which is active for approximately 6 hours at body temperature.[1] In a Phase 2 study, TNX-1300 at 100 mg or 200 mgi.v. doses was well tolerated and interrupted cocaine effects after cocaine 50 mgi.v. challenge.[9]
The enzyme is important in bioremediation, levels of cocaine in European ocean water were cited at 20 ng/L, similar levels in which swollen muscles, and in some cases broken muscle fibers of eels were reported in a controlled study.[12]
^ abNasser, Azmi F.; Fudala, Paul J.; Zheng, Bo; Liu, Yongzhen; Heidbreder, Christian (2014-10-02). "A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of RBP-8000 in Cocaine Abusers: Pharmacokinetic Profile of RBP-8000 and Cocaine and Effects of RBP-8000 on Cocaine-Induced Physiological Effects". Journal of Addictive Diseases. 33 (4): 289–302. doi:10.1080/10550887.2014.969603. ISSN1055-0887. PMID25299069. S2CID8417112.
^Turner, James M.; Larsen, Nicholas A.; Basran, Amrik; Barbas, Carlos F.; Bruce, Neil C.; Wilson, Ian A.; Lerner, Richard A. (2002-10-15). "Biochemical characterization and structural analysis of a highly proficient cocaine esterase". Biochemistry. 41 (41): 12297–12307. doi:10.1021/bi026131p. ISSN0006-2960. PMID12369817.
ecgonine methyl ester + benzoate
