Louis Laurent Marie Clerc (French:[lɔʁɑ̃klɛʁ]; 26 December 1788 – 18 July 1869) was a French teacher called "The Apostle of the Deaf in America" and was regarded as the most renowned deaf person in American Deaf History. He was taught by Abbé Sicard and deaf educator Jean Massieu, at the Institution Nationale des Sourds-Muets in Paris. With Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet, he co-founded the first school for the deaf in North America, the Asylum for the Education and Instruction of the Deaf and Dumb, on April 15, 1817, in the old Bennet's City Hotel, Hartford, Connecticut. The school was subsequently renamed the American School for the Deaf and in 1821 moved to 139 Main Street, West Hartford. The school remains the oldest existing school for the deaf in North America.
Laurent Clerc was born December 26, 1785, in La Balme-les-Grottes, Isère, a village on the northeastern edge of Lyon to Joseph-François Clerc and Marie-Élisabeth Candy in the small village of La Balme, where his father was the mayor. Clerc's home was a typical bourgeois household. When he was one year old, Clerc fell from a chair into a fire, suffering a severe burn and obtained a permanent scar on the right side of his cheek. Clerc's family believed his deafness and inability to smell were caused by this accident, but Clerc later wrote that he was not certain of this and might have been born deaf and without the ability to smell. The facial scar later provided the basis for his name sign, performed with the manual alphabet for "U", stroked twice downward on the right cheek.
Clerc attended Institut National de Jeunes Sourds de Paris when he was just 12 years old and soon became a teacher there. While there, he was taught by Abbe Sicard and Jean Massieu who was deaf. In 1815 he traveled with Sicard and Massieu to England to give a lecture and happened upon Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet who was traveling in search of means for instructing deaf children. Gallaudet was invited to visit the school in Paris. Then in 1816, after a few months with Clerc at the school, Gaulladet invited Clerc to accompany him to the United States. During the trip across the ocean, Clerc learned English from Gallaudet, and Gallaudet learned sign language from Clerc.[1] After arriving in America they worked together to establish the first permanent school for the Deaf in Hartford, Connecticut, which is now known as the American School for the Deaf.
Laurent Clerc died at the age of 83 at his home in Hartford. The 1869 obituary in the New York Times says, Clerc came to Hartford in 1816 and became a teacher in 1817, then served more than 50 years "in the cause of deaf-mute instruction" and "his abilities, zeal, and graces of character made him always respected and loved."[2] Clerc married one of the first pupils – Eliza Crocker Boardman.
Generally, prior to the onset of organized education of the deaf, deaf people were regarded as unintelligent and incapable of education. Laurent Clerc became one of the most recognizable figures in Deaf history of the United States thanks to his significant role in shaping deaf education. As a person who could not hear, nor speak from a young age and, despite this, acquired excellent command of spoken languages at an age far past the prime years for language acquisition he is also an exemplary personification of educability and high intellect.
Largely due to Clerc's contribution to the education of the Deaf in America several awards, buildings, funds, and other honors were named after him. Most notably at Gallaudet University[3][4]
Laurent Clerc is portrayed in the fictional film Sign Gene, the superhero film about deaf mutants who have superhuman powers through the use of sign language, as the fourth great-grandfather of the leading character Tom Clerc (played by Emilio Insolera). The film was released in September 2017.[5][6][7][8]
"Reminiscences of Laurent Clerc," by L.C.T. Silent World, July 1871, pages 5–6. "Archived copy"(PDF). Archived from the original(PDF) on 2008-05-28. Retrieved 2007-12-26.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
"Visits to Some of the Schools for the Deaf and Dumb in France and England," American Annals of the Deaf:
Volume 1, Number 1, October 1847 pages 62–66. "Archived copy"(PDF). Archived from the original(PDF) on 2008-05-28. Retrieved 2007-12-25.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
Volume 1, Number 2, January 1848, pages 113–120. "Archived copy"(PDF). Archived from the original(PDF) on 2008-05-28. Retrieved 2007-12-25.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
Volume 1, Number 3, April 1848, pages 170–176. "Archived copy"(PDF). Archived from the original(PDF) on 2008-05-28. Retrieved 2007-12-25.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^"Obituary; Laurent Clerc, the Instructor of Deaf Mutes". New York Times. July 19, 1869.
^"Archived copy"(PDF). www.gallaudet.edu. Archived from the original(PDF) on 6 December 2021. Retrieved 30 June 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
Irving, Washington (editor). "The Deaf and Dumb" in: Analectic magazine. May 1820 issue. Philadelphia, Pa.: Moses Thomas, pp. 419–431. via Google books.
"Laurent Clerc Stamp Project". Archived from the original on November 4, 1999. Retrieved April 8, 2005.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
^a Sign-language names reflect the region of origin. Natural sign languages are not related to the spoken language used in the same region. For example, French Sign Language originated in France, but is not related to French. Conversely, ASL and BSL both originated in English-speaking countries but are not related to each other; ASL however is related to French Sign Language.
^b Denotes the number (if known) of languages within the family. No further information is given on these languages.
