This is a list of Russian inventions.
Ancient inventions[edit] |
Inventions which originated on the territory of the Russian Plain, Northern Russia, North Caucasus and Siberia from Mesolithic to the Bronze Age. |
Possible by Sredny Stog culture of the Eurasian Steppe |
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[2] Possible by Maykop culture of North Caucasus |
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Oldest known: | |
[9] 7,500 BCE. Shigir Idol |
Agriculture and biotechnology[edit] |
[10][11] 1814.ByPetro Prokopovych |
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[12][13] 1881–88. The credit is due to Fyodor Blinov |
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[14] 1924. Raphanobrassica. The credit is due to Georgy Karpechenko |
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[15][16] 1868.ByAndrei Famintsyn |
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[17] 1951–54. The credit is due to (Терентий Мальцев) Terenty Maltsev |
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A type of ard (plough) |
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[18][19] 1829–30s.By(Даниил Бокарев) Daniil Bokarev |
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The credit is due to Sergei Vinogradsky |
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Arts and music[edit] |
The credit is due to Vasily Kandinsky |
Pure abstract art |
[20] 1937–58.ByYevgeny Murzin |
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1931. Rhythmicon. The credit is due to Lev Termen |
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The credit is due to Lev Kuleshov |
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[26] 1916–24.ByVladimir Baranov-Rossine |
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1918–20.ByLev Termen |
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Chemistry and metallurgy[edit] |
[29] 1859–65. The credit is due to Nikolai Beketov |
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1838. Modern rediscovery. By (Павел Аносов) Pavel Anosov |
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[30] 1831. The credit is due to (Павел Аносов) Pavel Anosov |
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[31] ByPyotr Sobolevsky and Vasily Lyubarsky, simultaneously with William Wollaston |
Modern powder metallurgy |
[32][33] 1913. The credit is due to Grigory Petrov |
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[34][35] 1910. The first commercially viable form of production. Polybutadiene. The credit is due to Sergei Lebedev |
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The credit is due to Igor Gorynin |
Weldable titanium alloys |
Communications[edit] |
[38][39] 1923.ByOleg Losev |
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[44] 7 May 1895. The first practical device. The credit is due to Aleksandr Popov |
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Computing and information technology[edit] |
1999.ByIgor Pavlov |
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1962.ByYevgeny Landis and Georgy Adelson-Velsky |
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1967.By(Михаил Карцев) Mikhail Kartsev |
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[45] ByMikhail Bonch-Bruyevich, independently from William Eccles & Frank Jordan |
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1880.ByBruno Abakanowicz, independently from Charles Boys |
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1832. The first application in informatics. By Semyon Korsakov |
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2009. Chatroulette. By Andrei Ternovsky |
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1993.ByYevgeny Roshal |
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1956–59. Setun. By Sergei Sobolev and Nikolai Brusentsov |
Modern ternary computer |
Was proposed in 1997 by Aleksei Kitayev |
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1946–56.ByGenrikh Altshuller |
Culture[edit] |
Art[edit] | |
Borok (Борецкая роспись) · Gorodets · Khokhloma · Mezen (Мезенская роспись) · Zhostovo |
Painting |
Miniature | |
Bird of Happiness · Dymkovo · Filimonovo · Kargopol · Matryoshka doll |
Toys |
Other | |
Clothing[edit] | |
Boyar hat · Kalfak (Калфак) · Kokoshnik · Kosovorotka · Lapti · Sarafan · Valenki |
Civilian |
Budyonovka · Gimnastyorka · Peaked cap · Sailor cap · Ushanka |
Service |
Music[edit] | |
Wind | |
Balalaika · Domra · Doshpuluur · Gusli · Pondar (Atukh-Pondur[46], Dechig-Pondur[47]) · Russian guitar |
String |
Other |
Cuisine[edit] |
Utensils | |
Botvinya (Ботвинья) · Kalya (Калья) · Malosol [48] · Okroshka · Rassolnik · Shchi · Solyanka · Tyurya (Тюря) · Ukha |
Soups |
Balyk · Chopsy [48] · Khinkal (Хинкал) · Litsuklibzhe · Porsa [49] · Shomokh [48] · Smetana · Stewler · Stroganina (Строганина) · Tyram [48] |
Meat, fish, dairy products |
Blini · Khingalsh · Khychin (Хычин) · Kulebyaka · Ochpochmak · Peremech (Перемяч) · Pirog · Pirozhki · Qabartma · Qistibi · Syrniki · Vatrushka |
Pies, wraps, pancakes |
Baked milk [50] · Kefir · Kissel · Kvas:[Note 4] Kisly'ye shchi (Кислые щи), Birch sap kvas (Берёзовый квас) · Mors (Морс) · Medovukha · Russian vodka · Sbiten |
Drinks |
Chakchak · Kozuli (Козули) · Pastila (Пастила (Белёвская, Коломенская, Ржевская)) · Gingerbread: Gorodets (Городецкий) / Tula / Vyazma (Вяземский) · Tetyory (Тетёры) · Urbech (Урбеч) |
Sweets |
Borodinsky (bread) · Khrenovina (sauce) · Pelmeni (dumpling) [52] |
Other |
Energy[edit] |
1969. Severnoye Siyaniye barge. The credit is due to (Николай Кухто) Nikolai Kukhto |
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[53] 1926. Ramzin boiler. The credit is due to Leonid Ramzin |
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[54] 1970s?. The credit is due to Aleksandr Kalina |
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[55] 1958. The credit is due to Aleksandr Klimenko |
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1888–91. The cell based on the outer photoelectric effect. By Aleksandr Stoletov |
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[56] 1888. The synthesis through electrolysis. The credit is due to Dmitry Lachinov |
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[55] 1934–39. The credit is due to Pyotr Kapitsa |
Current turboexpander |
Oil and gas[edit] |
1878–83. The credit is due to Vladimir Shukhov |
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[57] 1914. The credit is due to Mikhail Tikhvinsky |
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[58] 1846.ByNikolai Voskoboinikov and Vasily Semyonov |
Modern oil well |
Was proposed in 1863 by Dmitry Mendeleyev |
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1891. The credit is due to Vladimir Shukhov |
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[59][60] 1922. The credit is due to Matvei Kapelyushnikov |
Nuclear energy[edit] |
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[61] International cooperation |
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Mass-produced |
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Everyday life[edit] |
1372. The first written Uralic language (after Hungarian) |
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In world-wide usage[edit] |
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1878. Yablochkov candle. The credit is due to Pavel Yablochkov |
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[Note 5][64] 1927.ByOleg Losev |
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Modern powdered milk |
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Housing[edit] |
1795.ByNikolai Lvov |
Early HVAC system |
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[Note 6][65] 1721–45. Leaning Tower of Nevyansk |
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[67] 1795.ByIvan Kulibin |
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Architecture[edit] |
Forms[edit] |
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1164. The earliest depiction. Dobrila Evangeliary |
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Native styles[edit] |
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Developed |
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Structural engineering[edit] |
[65] 1721–45. Leaning Tower of Nevyansk |
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1896. Shukhov Rotunda. The credit is due to Vladimir Shukhov |
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1896. Shukhov tower in Polibino. The credit is due to Vladimir Shukhov |
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All-Russia Exhibition 1896. The credit is due to Vladimir Shukhov |
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All-Russia Exhibition 1896. The credit is due to Vladimir Shukhov |
Mechanical engineering[edit] |
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[70] 1832. The credit is due to Aleksandr Sablukov |
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[71] 1811. The credit is due to (Иван Неведомский) Ivan Nevedomsky |
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1718. The credit is due to Andrei Nartov |
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Welding: | |
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[72] 1905. The credit is due to (Владимир Миткевич) Vladimir Mitkevich |
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Medicine[edit] |
Major innovations that became standard means of modern warfare are in bold.
Physics[edit] |
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ByGersh Budker (co-inventor) |
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The credit is due to Nikolai Basov and Aleksandr Prokhorov |
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1962. The credit is due to Yevgeny Zababakhin, K. V. Volkov, Vyacheslav Danilenko, V. I. Yelina |
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1802.ByVasily Petrov |
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1966. The credit is due to Gersh Budker |
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[121] 1944. The credit is due to Yevgeny Zavoisky |
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ByZhores Alfyorov (co-developer) |
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[122] 1950. The credit is due to Andrei Tikhonov |
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1944. The credit is due to Vladimir Veksler |
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ByYevgeny Zavoisky (co-developer) |
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The credit is due to Aleksandr Makarov |
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[124] 1930–34.ByLeonid Kubetsky |
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[125] 1939.ByNikolai Devyatkov |
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2001. |
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ByVladimir Veksler (co-inventor) |
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Printing[edit] |
[126] 1866–67. The credit is due to (Пётр Княгининский) Pyotr Knyagininsky |
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[127][128] 1869. The credit is due to Mikhail Alisov |
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[Note 12][129] 1890. The credit is due to (Иван Орлов) Ivan Orlov |
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[additional citation(s) needed][130] By(Иван Орлов) Ivan Orlov |
Iris printing (rainbow printing) |
[131] 1870s. The credit is due to (Иосиф Ливчак) Iosif Livchak |
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[128] 1870. The credit is due to Mikhail Alisov |
Recording[edit] |
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[132] 1962. The credit is due to Yury Denisyuk |
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1926, 1927. The credit is due to (Павел Тагер) Pavel Tager and (Александр Шорин) Aleksandr Shorin |
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The credit is due to Lev Termen |
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[133] 1925. The credit is due to Sergei Rzhevkin |
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[134] 1933. The credit is due to Fyodor Leontovich |
Photography[edit] |
[135] 1840. The credit is due to Aleksei Grekov |
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[136] 1882. The credit is due to Sigizmund Yurkovsky |
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1891. 1939. The credit is due to (Яков Наркевич-Иодко) Yakov Narkevich-Iodko and Semyon Kirlian |
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[137] 1852. The credit is due to (Иван Александровский) Ivan Aleksandrovsky |
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ByVyacheslav Sreznevsky (a prolific inventor in the field of photography): [138][139] | |
1875 |
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1882 |
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1886 |
Aerial camera and photographic plates |
1886 |
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1887 |
Space exploration[edit] |
1756 |
The credit is due to Mikhail Lomonosov |
Night vision telescope |
1762 |
Published in 1827. By Mikhail Lomonosov |
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1959, 1895 |
Proposed by Konstantin Tsiolkovsky and Yury Artsutanov |
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1903 |
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1916 |
The credit is due to Yury Kondratyuk |
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1959, 1919 |
Proposal, first application |
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1930 |
ByPavel Molchanov, independently from Robert Bureau |
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1931 |
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1931 |
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1941 |
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1951, 1947 |
The credit is due to Mikhail Tikhonravov and Dmitry Okhotsimsky |
Modern multistage rocket |
1963, 1949 |
Proposal, first application |
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???? |
The credit is due to Gavriil Tikhov |
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???? |
[citation needed] First application |
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1957 |
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1957 |
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1957 |
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1957 |
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1958 |
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1961 |
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1961 |
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1961 |
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1963 |
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1964 |
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1965 |
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1965 |
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1966 |
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1966 |
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1966 |
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1967 |
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1967 |
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1970 |
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1970 |
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1970 |
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1971 |
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1971 |
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1975 |
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1975 |
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1978 |
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1979 |
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1982 |
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1992 |
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1995 |
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1999 |
Multinational cooperation |
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2001 |
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2015 |
[140] Planned |
Sports and games[edit] |
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First conducted in 1776 by Grigory Orlov |
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Transportation[edit] |
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Modern bascule bridge |
Amphibious ATV specially for swamp terrain |
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[146] 1900. The credit is due to (Ипполит Романов) Ippolit Romanov |
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1739–52 & 1780. The credit is due to Leonty Shamshurenkov and Ivan Kulibin |
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Bolotokhod for snow and swamp terrain |
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Maritime[edit] |
[Note 13] The credit is due to Aleksei Krylov and Stepan Makarov |
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Icebreakers: | |
Modern icebreaker | |
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Rail transport[edit] |
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[151] 1924. The first successful mainline diesel locomotive. The credit is due to Yury Lomonosov |
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The credit is due to Pavel Yablochkov |
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Refer to [152] for inventions listed below |
Work trains: |
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1887. The credit is due to (Иосиф Ливчак) Iosif Livchak |
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Aviation[edit] |
Sikorsky Ilya Muromets. The credit is due to Igor Sikorsky |
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[153][154] Late 1980s – 1996. Hybrid of airplane, airship, helicopter and hovercraft. The credit is due to Aleksandr Filimonov |
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[156] 1937–41. The credit is due to Arkhip Lyulka |
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Hybrid of ekranoplan and airplane |
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The first successful jet airliner. Tupolev Tu-104 |
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[157][158] 1919. The first jet pack project. The credit is due to Aleksandr Andreyev |
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1754. The credit is due to Mikhail Lomonosov |
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[160] The credit is due to (Борис Юрьев) Boris Yuryev |
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The first SST to enter service. Tupolev Tu-144 |
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Other[edit] |
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[161] 1891. The credit is due to Yevgraf Fyodorov |
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[162] The credit is due to Ivan Kulibin |
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Developments leading to[edit] |
Pyotr Ufimtsev is a Russian physicist and mathematician, considered the seminal force behind modern stealth aircraft technology. Much of Ufimtsev's work was translated into English, and in the 1970s American Lockheed engineers began to expand upon some of his theories to create the concept of aircraft with reduced radar signatures. |
[131] Slug-casting typesetter. By (Иосиф Ливчак) Iosif Livchak |
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[Note 15] 1911–16 contributions to modern tank design by Aleksandr Porokhovshchikov and (Василий Менделеев) Vasily Mendeleyev |
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Modern mortar (weapon) | |
Modern stealth aircraft technology | |
The solar cell based on the outer photoelectric effect. The credit is due to Aleksandr Stoletov |
Precursors[edit] |
(Мортирная батарея Нартова) Nartov mortar battery, by Andrei Nartov |
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Self-propelling carriage (contained a flywheel, a brake, a gearbox and roller bearing), by Ivan Kulibin |
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An early heating/ventilation system by Nikolai Lvov |
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[165] Ivan Elmanov's monorail |
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The Thing, by Lev Termen |
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1881. Proposal. By Nikolai Kibalchich |
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Igor Sikorsky ............................... Nikolai Florin .............................. Yury Gurevich ............................. Nikolai Obukhov ......................... Dmitry Garbuzov ......................... Vladimir Zvorykin ....................... Aleksandr Lodygin ...................... Vladimir Yurkevich ..................... Konstantin Fahlberg .................... Aleksandr Khrennikov ................. Konstantin Novosyolov ................ Mikhail Dolivo-Dobrovolsky ......... |
: Modern helicopter [Note 16] : Tandem rotor helicopter (first to fly freely) : Continuous-wave-operating diode laser (with Zhores Alfyorov) : Kinescope · Iconoscope (with Semyon Katayev) : Electrical filament · Incandescent light bulb : Modern ship hull design : Graphene (with Andrei Geim) |
Russian discoveries[edit] |
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1872.ByAleksandr Borodin, independently from Adolphe Wurtz |
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1761. The credit is due to Mikhail Lomonosov |
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1951. |
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1952. |
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1890. |
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1934. |
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1903. |
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1968. |
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1944. The credit is due to Yevgeny Zavoisky |
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1999. |
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1859. |
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1861. |
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1911. Was claimed by Georges Urbain and Vladimir Vernadsky (independently) |
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1859. |
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1905. |
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1961. Co-discovered by Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and Dubna Nuclear Research Institute |
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2000. |
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1966. |
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1910. The credit is due to Nikolai Vasilyev |
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1868. The credit is due to Dmitry Chernov |
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1924. The credit is due to Aleksandr Oparin |
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1981. |
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1964. |
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1908. Hypothesis. By Aleksandr Maksimov |
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1937.ByPyotr Kapitsa (co-discoverer) |
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[166] 1880.By(Николай Лунин) Nikolai Lunin |
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1892. |
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2002. Unconfirmed |
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2003. Unconfirmed |
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2010. Unconfirmed |
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2003. Unconfirmed |
— Tsar Bell (the largest and heaviest bell in the world)
— Mozhaisky Airplane II (the first feasible airplane project)
— Trans-Siberian Railway (the longest railway in the world)
— Moscow Metro (the world's most heavily used single operator metro system)
— Leningrad Metro (the deepest subway in the world)
— Aswan Dam (a megaproject; developed by the Hydroproject Institute)
— Druzhba pipeline (the longest oil pipeline system in the world)
— Proton (the most used heavy lift launch system)
— Soyuz (the most frequently used and most reliable launch vehicle in the world) [167]
— The Motherland Calls (the largest complex sculpture)
— Lunokhod 2 (longest distance of surface travel of any extraterrestrial vehicle) [168]
— Arktika-class icebreaker (the world's most powerful nuclear icebreaker; the first surface ship to reach the North Pole)
— Mir (submersible) (the first to reach the seabed under the North Pole; was developed in cooperation with Finland)
— RD-170 (the world's most powerful liquid-fuel rocket engine)
— Antonov An-225 Mriya (the largest fixed-wing aircraft)
— Kola Superdeep Borehole (the deepest borehole)
— Mir mine (the largest diamond mine in the world and the second largest human-made excavation)
— 50 Let Pobedy (the world's largest nuclear-powered icebreaker, and the largest icebreaker in general) [169]
— Russky Bridge (the longest cable-stayed bridge)
— SP-117 (allegedly the most potent truth drug)
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2 сентября 1975 г. - Принята в опытную эксплуатацию БРПЛ с пассивным самонаведением на подводные корабли (мировой приоритет). Главный конструктор - В. П. Макеев, ЖРД - А. М. Исаев, СУ - Н. А. Семихатов.
В 70-х годах Ливчак работал над матрицевыбивальной наборной машиной «стереограф»... Эта работа привела Ливчака к мысли о строкоотливной наборной машине. Идея такой машины впервые в истории мировой полиграфии была высказана именно Ливчаком. Впоследствии, развивая идею русского техника, немецкий изобретатель О. Мергенталер построил широко известную наборную машину линотип. Приоритет Ливчака в этой области легко устанавливается, ибо его отливная машина была запатентована в 1883 году...
Around this time, a Russian fellow identifying himself as A. Andreev filed a patent for an oxygen- and methane-fueled flying device that could be worn on the back, with roughly three-foot wings extending to either side of the hopeful pilot... "This is the first device of its kind that had any engineering detail at all," says Mark Wells, a research engineer for the Center for Applied Optics at the University of Alabama in Huntsville who has worked for NASA, the U.S. military, and corporate clients throughout his twenty-three year career.
It is now generally agreed that the first clear evidence, based upon experiment, for the existence of dietary factors of the nature of vitamins came from the school of Bunge at Basel. In 1881 Lunin, one of the workers in that school, fed mice upon an artificial mixture of the separate constituents of milk; of all the constituents, that is, which were then known, namely the proteins, fats, carbohydrates, and salts. He found that upon such a mixture the animals failed to survive and was led to conclude that "a natural food such as milk must therefore contain besides these known principal ingredients small quantities of unknown substances essential to life". Such a statement, already half a century old, when allowed to stand out clear and apart from a context which tended to bury it, seems to contain the essentials of what is believed today.
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(help){{Inventions}} [[Category:Russian inventions|*]] [[Category:Science and technology in Russia]] [[Category:Lists of inventions or discoveries|Russia]] [[Category:Technology-related lists|Russian inventions]] [[Category:Russia-related lists]]