イギリス委任統治領パレスチナ

国際連盟によりパレスチナに創設された委任統治領
イギリス委任統治領パレスチナ
British Mandate for Palestine(英語)
الانتداب البريطاني على فلسطين(アラビア語)
המנדט הבריטי על פלשתינה א"י(ヘブライ語)
オスマン帝国 1920年 - 1948年 ヨルダン
イスラエル
パレスチナの国旗 パレスチナの国章
イギリス委任統治領パレスチナの旗イギリス委任統治領パレスチナの紋章
パレスチナの位置
イギリス委任統治領パレスチナの地図(1946年)
公用語 英語
アラビア語
ヘブライ語
宗教 イスラム教
ユダヤ教
キリスト教
バハイ教
首都 エルサレム
国王
1920年 - 1936年 ジョージ5世
1936年 - 1948年ジョージ6世
高等弁務官
1920年 - 1925年ハーバート・サミュエル
1945年 - 1948年アーサー・カミンガム
変遷
イギリス委任統治 1920年
トランスヨルダン独立1946年
イスラエル独立1948年
通貨パレスチナ・ポンド
現在イスラエルの旗 イスラエル
パレスチナ国の旗 パレスチナ
ヨルダンの旗 ヨルダン

: British Mandate for Palestine: الانتداب البريطاني على فلسطين: המנדט הבריטי על פלשתינה א"י1619181920
イスラエルの歴史
イスラエルの旗
この記事はシリーズの一部です。

イスラエル ポータル

19227241923926[1]221920425[1]19231948

使

1917112[2]

19229162西1915[1][3]

名称 編集


[4]22 filasţīn, فلسطين  palestína, פּלשׂתינה使Eretz Yisrael, ארץ ישׂראל (אי) سوريا الجنوبية[5]

 

 

 
==

1915[6]

1915De Bunsen Committee[7]1915退

1916西西

1917

 

 
1917129

1915

Jewish Legion

Occupied Enemy Territory Administration, OETA

戦後 編集

 
OETA(占領下敵国領政庁)の区分。旧アレッポ州海岸部からベイルート州までの地中海岸がフランス統治下の「OETA北」、ベイルート州南部からエルサレム郡までの海岸部がイギリス統治下の「OETA南」、その内陸のアレッポ州・シリア州・デリゾール州の部分が「OETA東

1918103019181123OETA3OETA[8]OETAOETAOETAOETA

19191918121-4[9]

191910退OETA退[10]

19201920419208

192037723

191913[11]

委任統治決議 編集

委任統治決議の実務上及び法的基礎 編集


19226使[12]

 - [13][14][15]

沿調[16]

1919=調King-Crane Commission[17]

1920Protectorate of the Holy See[18]

1915

 

 

192025

1920719207[19]192132125192133119227222525

19208[20][21][22][22][23]

19213西[24][25][26][27]
 

西西

西23%77%2192319281928220192910311946

 


14

15

 

 
1919

19221920[28]

192012[29][29]1922231923929[30][31]



192622調[32]

 




95141314[33]11

 


22[34]192261923919239292[35]

 


使使1919Nahum Sokolow, 1859 - 1936:16001918
シオニズムの目的は、ユダヤ人のために、公法によって守られた故郷をパレスチナに打ち立てることである。… …シオニズムに対する反対者は、シオニズムは独立した「ユダヤ人国家」の創設を目指している、とかつて主張していたし、今でもかたくなに繰り返し繰り返し主張し続けているが、これは誤りである。「ユダヤ人国家」はシオニズムの綱領の中には決して含まれていない。「ユダヤ人国家」はテオドール・ヘルツルの最初の小冊子の題名であったが、これは人々に考えることを強いるための題名である。この小冊子は第1回シオニスト会議へと続き、バーゼル綱領が採択された。これが存在する唯一の綱領である。

—ナフム・ソコロフ、『シオニズムの歴史』[36]


1947United Nations Special Committee on Palestine, UNSCOP18971192263[37]

19322[38]19303[39]222
 

193619391937調1937220調調調BC

1937[40][41]1937FOSHAvner Plan1948DPlan Dalet[42]

19391019421946調 Grady-Morrison Committee

 

 

 
1922
 

19171918Occupied Enemy Territory AdministrationOETA19207OETA[43]1920620712000[44][45][46][47][48][49]

192319231019201922[50]1924[51]

 

 

調[52]compulsory jurisdiction[53]

187871362[54][55]

[56][57]18781811947[58]
 
1928

Rashid Khalidi[59]1922[60][61][62]

194725[63]

 


1920192063119201945367,84533,304[64]56[65][66]19201930
 
( National Institutions House

1929Jewish Agency for Israel, : הסוכנות היהודית לארץ ישראל, HaSochnut HaYehudit L'Eretz Yisra'el191841920419[67]General Assembly, Jewish National Council, Va'ad Le'umi, 20

19224

19214Palestine Zionist Executive1929

192263

 


20Poale Zion1920Histadrut, Ahdut HaAvoda1930Hapoel Hatzair1960

1948

General Zionists, Tzionim Klaliym19301923

 


192019使201907Bar-Giora1909Hashomer
 
1920

1920441921550

3192019211929815193019361939

 

 
YMCA
 

192219476.5%3.6%13.2%4.8%19362.6[68][69]

193286%調22%[70]19393615303335[71]194276.2%68.3%[72][73]

191919241925[74]1930

 


Supreme Muslim Council, SMC[75]
 

[76]192120[77]Raghib al-Nashashibi19201934
 
1930

[78]

19201921192919201930Jam'iyyat al-Shubban al-MusliminHizb al-Istiqlal, Izz ad-Din al-Qassamal-Kaff al-Aswad

1936-1939  


19301935200800[79]1935112[79]
 

19361936410Arab Higher Committee

調調1937調退退[80][81]
 

1937186,0001938Special Night SquadsSNS

5,00010,0001[82]193935,000400200[83]3

19471949[84]

 

 
19395

193811939219387

193919381191939534510575
 
194710

15,00019422SS Struma800姿10姿

[1]

6,00030,0001940610[85]

1942[86]19447Bricha

2510

 

 

1940194421944116Walter Guinness, 1st Baron Moyne使 Hunting Season 

1945194661619466291946722使西90

101947547退

国連のパレスチナ分割案 編集

 
国連のパレスチナ分割決議による分割案。黄色がアラブ国家、オレンジがユダヤ国家の範囲。エルサレムとその周辺は国連が統治する

1946調Anglo-American Committee of Inquiry6410

S103010[87]調Grady-Morrison Committee

19472181947515UN Special Committee on Palestine, UNSCOP11UNSCOP調831UNSCOP73

1947112933131018122退181[88][89][90][91]5

1129181

19471112

194791948514[92][93][94]

内戦状態 編集

 
1947年12月1日時点でのユダヤ人入植地とパレスチナの主要道路

[95]1211947113012[96]2使[97][98]28[99]19471130 - 1948514

沿Abd al-Qadir al-HusayniJaysh al-Jihad al-Muqaddas12Fawzi al-QawuqjiJaysh al-Inqadh al-Arabi19482
 
1948

194834Operation Nachshon沿沿49西

194712305

 


西

80[100]FRUSForeign Relations of the United States801939[101]

1946Duncan Hall[102]John Marlowe1946Arab Legion[103]80[104]

1924Palestine Mandate Convention1941927192444[105][106]

1946F[107]

19471129[108]John Snetsinger19471119S[109][110]

194881[111]19481948514325 [112]
 
1948514

194851457085[113]退7001,8764,0002,800[114]4,50038Corpus separatum, Operation Kilshon

脚注 編集

注釈 編集

  1. ^ 2001年7月にイギリスが公開した第二次大戦の秘密文書(「アトラス作戦」についての文書も含む。 References: KV 2/400–402. クルト・ヴィーラント(Kurt Wieland)率いる部隊は1944年9月にパレスチナにパラシュート降下した。これはユダヤ人共同体を攻撃し、アラブ人に資金や武器やサボタージュ用の資材を与えることでイギリス支配を覆そうとする、この地域に対するドイツの最後の試みの一つだった。しかしこの部隊は降下後まもなく逮捕されている。

出典 編集

  1. ^ a b c Palestine Royal Commission Report Presented by the Secretary of State for the Colonies to Parliament by Command of His Majesty, July 1937, Cmd. 5479. His Majesty’s Stationery Office., London, 1937. 404 pages + maps.
  2. ^ The Palestine Mandate, The Avalon Project
  3. ^ Marjorie M. Whiteman, Digest of International Law, vol. 1, US State Department (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1963) pp 650–652
  4. ^ Easterly, William (27 February 2007). The White Man's Burden: Why the West's Efforts to Aid the Rest Have Done So Much Ill and So Little Good. Penguin (Non-Classics). p. 295. ISBN 0-14-303882-6.
  5. ^ League of Nations, Permanent Mandate Commission, Minutes of the Ninth Session (Arab Grievances), Held at Geneva from June 8th to 25th, 1926
  6. ^ Tom Segev's New Mandate, Yehoshua Porath
  7. ^ The Middle East and North Africa in World Politics: A Documentary Record, by J. C. Hurewitz, 1979, Yale University Press; 2nd edition, ISBN 0-300-02203-4, page 26, BRITISH WAR AIMS IN OTTOMAN ASIA: REPORT OF THE DE BUNSEN COMMITTEE 30 June 1915
  8. ^ See also "The Armistice in the Middle East," in
  9. ^ Allenby and British Strategy in the Middle East, 1917–1919, Matthew Hughes, Taylor & Francis, 1999, ISBN 0-7146-4473-0, page 122.
  10. ^ see pages 1–10 of the minutes of the meeting of the Council of Four starting here: [1]
  11. ^ http://www.mideastweb.org/feisweiz.htm
  12. ^ Excerpts from League of Nations Official Journal dated June 1922, pp. 546–549
  13. ^ The Sykes-Picot Agreement: 1916, Avalon Project
  14. ^ Foreign Relations of the United States, Statement of Emir Faisal to the Council of Ten
  15. ^ DESIRES OF HEDJAZ STIR PARIS CRITICS; Arab Kingdom's Aspirations Clash With French Aims in Asia Minor
  16. ^ Statement of the Zionist Organization regarding Palestine, 3 February 1919
  17. ^ The King-Crane Commission Report, 28 August 1919 Confidential Appendix
  18. ^ The Vatican and Zionism: Conflict in the Holy Land, 1895–1925, Sergio I. Minerbi, Oxford University Press, USA, 1990, ISBN 0-19-505892-5
  19. ^ Hubert Young to Ambassador Hardinge (Paris), 27 July 1920, FO 371/5254, cited in King Abdullah, Britain and the Making of Jordan, Mary Christina Wilson, Cambridge,1988, ISBN 0-521-32421-1, page 44
  20. ^ Telegram from Earl Curzon to Sir Herbert Samuel, dated 6 August 1920, in Rohan Butler et al., Documents of British Foreign Policy, 1919–1939, first series volume XIII London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1963, p. 331
  21. ^ Telegram 7 August 1920, in Rohan Butler et al., Documents of British Foreign Policy, 1919–1939, first series volume XIII London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1963, p. 334, in Aruri 1972, p. 18
  22. ^ a b Aruri, Naseer Hasan (1972). Jordan: A Study in Political Development 1923–1965. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. ISBN 9789024712175. Retrieved 2 May 2009 p.18
  23. ^ Bernard Wasserstein, ‘Samuel, Herbert Louis, first Viscount Samuel (1870–1963)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, September 2004; online edn, May 2006 accessed 21 April 2007.
  24. ^ Palestine Papers, 1917–1922, Doreen Ingrams, George Braziller 1973 Edition, pages 116–117
  25. ^ Ian Lustick (1988). For the Land and the Lord: Jewish Fundamentalism in Israel. Council on Foreign Relations. p. 37. ISBN 0876090366 
  26. ^ Article 25 of the Mandate for Palestine
  27. ^ Pappé, Ilan (2004). A History of Modern Palestine: One Land, Two Peoples. Cambridge University Press. p. 84. ISBN 0521556325 
  28. ^ Biger, Gideon (2004). The Boundaries of Modern Palestine, 1840–1947. p 173. London: Routledge. ISBN 9780714656540. Retrieved 2 May 2009.
  29. ^ a b Franco-British Convention on Certain Points Connected with the Mandates for Syria and the Lebanon, Palestine and Mesopotamia, signed 23 December 1920. Text available in American Journal of International Law, Vol. 16, No. 3, 1922, 122–126.
  30. ^ Agreement between His Majesty's Government and the French Government respecting the Boundary Line between Syria and Palestine from the Mediterranean to El Hámmé, Treaty Series No. 13 (1923), Cmd. 1910. Also Louis, 1969, p. 90.
  31. ^ FSU Law.
  32. ^ Text in League of Nations Treaty Series, vol. 56, pp. 80–87.
  33. ^ The End of the French Religious Protectorate in Jerusalem (1918–1924), Catherine Nicault
  34. ^ San Remo Convention
  35. ^ “League of Nations Official Journal”. 4. (1923年). p. 1355 
  36. ^ See History of Zionism (1600–1918), Volume I, Nahum Sokolow, 1919 Longmans, Green, and Company, London, pages xxiv–xxv
  37. ^ See the report of the United Nations Special Committee on Palestine, UN Document A/364, 3 September 1947
  38. ^ PERMANENT MANDATES COMMISSION MINUTES OF THE TWENTY-SECOND SESSION”. LEAGUE OF NATIONS. 2010年6月8日閲覧。
  39. ^ Memorandum By The Secretary of State for the Colonies, "PALESTINE: HIGH COMMISSIONERS VIEWS ON POLICY", March 1930, UK National Archives Cabinet Paper CAB/24/211, formerly C.P. 108 (30)
  40. ^ See "Letters to Paula and the Children", David Ben Gurion, translated by Aubry Hodes, University of Pittsburg Press, 1971 page 153-157
  41. ^ See "Righteous victims: a history of the Zionist-Arab conflict, 1881–1999", by Benny Morris, Knopf, 1999, ISBN 0-679-42120-3, page 138
  42. ^ See Scars of war, wounds of peace: the Israeli-Arab tragedy, By Shlomo Ben-Ami, Oxford University Press, USA, 2006, ISBN 0-19-518158-1, page 17
  43. ^ Official Records of the Second Session of the General Assembly, Supplement No. 11, United Nations Special Committee on Palestine, Report to the General Assembly, Volume 1. Lake Success, NY, 1947. A/364, 3 September 1947, Chapter II.C.68., at [2]
  44. ^ Jewish Virtual Library Herbert Louis Samuel (1870–1963)
  45. ^ Weizmann, Chaim (1983). The Letters and Papers of Chaim Weizmann: August 1898 – July 1931. Transaction Publishers. p. 122–124. ISBN 978-0-87855-279-5.
  46. ^ C.D. Smith, 2001, Palestine and the Arab-Israeli conflict, 4th ed., ISBN 0-312-20828-6, pp. 60, 112.
  47. ^ Schneer, Jonathan (2011). The Balfour Declaration: The Origins of the Arab-Israeli Conflict. A&C Black. pp. 144–. ISBN 978-1-4088-0970-9.
  48. ^ Vital, Zionism, p. 83. Also Knox, The Making of a New Eastern Question, p. 153, and Ingrams, Palestine Papers, p. 105.
  49. ^ Henry Laurens, La Question de Palestine, Fayard, Paris 1999 vol.1 p.523
  50. ^ League of Nations, Official Journal, October 1923, p 1217.
  51. ^ United States Department of State / Papers relating to the foreign relations of the United States, 1924 Volume II (1924) – Palestine Mandate Convention between the United States of America and Great Britain Signed at London, 3 December 1924, pp 212–222.
  52. ^ See Papers relating to the foreign relations of the United States, The Paris Peace Conference, 1919, Page 94 [3]
  53. ^ See Summary of the work of the League of Nations, January 1920 – March 1922, League of Nations Union, 1922, page 4 [4]
  54. ^ See Article 62 (LXII) of the Treaty of Berlin
  55. ^ See Defending the Rights of Others, by Carol Fink, Cambridge University, 2006, ISBN 0-521-02994-5, page 28
  56. ^ See the Statement of the Principal Accredited Representative, Hon. W. Ormsby-Gore, C.330.M.222, Mandate for Palestine – Minutes of the Permanent Mandates Commission/League of Nations 32nd session, 18 August 1937, [5]
  57. ^ See the Judgment in "Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory" [6]
  58. ^ See paragraphs 49, 70, and 129 of the International Court of Justice Advisory Opinion, Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory [7] and PAUL J. I. M. DE WAART (2005). International Court of Justice Firmly Walled in the Law of Power in the Israeli–Palestinian Peace Process. Leiden Journal of International Law, 18 , pp 467–487, doi:10.1017/S0922156505002839
  59. ^ Khalidi, Rashid (2006). The Iron Cage: The Story of the Palestinian Struggle for Statehood. pp.32-33. Beacon Press. ISBN 0-8070-0308-5. Retrieved 2 May 2009.
  60. ^ The Palestine Order in Council, of 1922
  61. ^ Khalidi 2006, pp. 33–34
  62. ^ Khalidi 2006, pp. 32, 36
  63. ^ See Foreign relations of the United States, 1947. The Near East and Africa Volume V, page 1033
  64. ^ A Survey of Palestine: Prepared in December 1945 and January 1946 for the Information of the Anglo-American Committee of Inquiry. 1. Palestine: Govt. printer. (1946). pp. 185 
  65. ^ Ibid., pp. 210: "Arab illegal immigration is mainly ... casual, temporary and seasonal". pp. 212: "The conclusion is that Arab illegal immigration for the purpose of permanent settlement is insignificant".
  66. ^ J. McCarthy (1995). The population of Palestine: population history and statistics of the late Ottoman period and the Mandate. Princeton, N.J.: Darwin Press 
  67. ^ The Palestine Chronicle: Palestine Through History: A Chronology (I)
  68. ^ Khalidi 2006, pp. 13-14
  69. ^ Khalidi 2006, p. 27
  70. ^ Khalidi 2006, p. 14, 24
  71. ^ Khalidi 2006, p. 16
  72. ^ Khalidi 2006, p. 17
  73. ^ Khalidi 2006, pp. 29-30
  74. ^ The Jewish Community under the Mandate
  75. ^ Khalidi 2006, p. 63
  76. ^ Khalidi 2006, p. 52
  77. ^ Khalidi 2006, pp. 56–57
  78. ^ Khalidi 2006, p. 81
  79. ^ a b Segev, Tom (1999). One Palestine, Complete. Metropolitan Books. pp. 360-362. ISBN 0805048480 
  80. ^ 'Zionists Ready To Negotiate British Plan As Basis', The Times Thursday, 12 August 1937; pg. 10; Issue 47761; col B.
  81. ^ Eran, Oded. "Arab-Israel Peacemaking." The Continuum Political Encyclopedia of the Middle East. Ed. Avraham Sela. New York: Continuum, 2002, page 122.
  82. ^ Khalidi 2001, p. 26
  83. ^ Aljazeera: The history of Palestinian revolts
  84. ^ Khalidi 2001, p. 28
  85. ^ Why Italian Planes Bombed Tel-Aviv?
  86. ^ How the Palmach was formed (History Central)
  87. ^ American Jewish History, Jeffrey S. Gurock, American Jewish Historical Society, page 243
  88. ^ Article 11 of the United Nations Charter
  89. ^ Roosevelt, Kermit (1948) "The Partition of Palestine: A lesson in pressure politics", Middle East Journal .Vol 2, pp1–16.
  90. ^ Snetsinger, John (1974) Truman, the Jewish vote, and the creation of Israel (Hoover Institution) pp 66–67.
  91. ^ Sarsar, Saliba (2004). "The question of Palestine and United States behavior at the United Nations", International Journal of Politics, Culture and Society, Vol. 17, pp457–470.
  92. ^ "Palestine". Encyclopedia Britannica Online School Edition, 2006. 15 May 2006.
  93. ^ Stefan Brooks (2008). "Palestine, British Mandate for". In Spencer C. Tucker (ed.). The Encyclopedia of the Arab-Israeli Conflict. Vol. 3. Santa Barbara, California: ABC- CLIO. p. 770. ISBN 978-1-85109-842-2
  94. ^ A. J. Sherman (2001). Mandate Days: British Lives in Palestine, 1918-1948. The Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0801866200 
  95. ^ Extracts from Time Magazine of that time
  96. ^ B. Morris, 2004, 'The Birth of the Palestinian refugee problem revisited', p. 66
  97. ^ Yoav Gelber (2006), p.24
  98. ^ Efraïm Karsh (2002), p.36
  99. ^ The Times, 1 March 1948
  100. ^ See Jacob Robinson, Palestine and the United Nations: Prelude to a Solution, Greenwood Press, 1971 Reprint (1947), page 2-3
  101. ^ See the discussion on pages 859–860 under the heading "Palestine" in Foreign relations of the United States: diplomatic papers, 1945. General: the United Nations Volume I [8]
  102. ^ See Mandates, Dependencies and Trusteeship, by H. Duncan Hall, Carnegie Endowment, 1948, 91–112'
  103. ^ See John Marlowe, "The Seat of Pilate; an Account of the Palestine Mandate (London: Cresset Press, 1959) page 222
  104. ^ See National Archive, Tel Aviv University, Palestine Post, "The Mandate is Indivisble", 9 April 1946 Edition, page 3 [9]
  105. ^ See Foreign relations of the United States diplomatic papers, 1941. The British Commonwealth; the Near East and Africa Volume III (1941), pages 809–810; and Statement of General de Gaulle of 29 November 1941, concerning the Mandate for Syria and Lebanon, Marjorie M. Whiteman, Digest of International Law, vol. 1 (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1963) 680–681
  106. ^ See Foreign relations of the United States, 1946. The Near East and Africa Volume VII (1946), page 798 [10]
  107. ^ Minutes of the 57th Session of the Security Council, S/PV.57 pages 100–101 (pdf file pgs 3–4 of 52) [11] and Elihu Lauterpacht, International Law Reports, Volume 37, Cambridge University Press, 1968, ISBN 0521463823, page 496
  108. ^ See Foreign relations of the United States, 1947. The Near East and Africa Volume V, page 1255 [12]
  109. ^ Snetsinger, John, "Truman, the Jewish vote, and the creation of Israel, Hoover Press, 1974, ISBN 0817933913, pages 60–61, [13]
  110. ^ United States Department of State, Foreign relations of the United States, The Near East and Africa, Volume V (1947), page 1271, [14]
  111. ^ ' U.N. Resolution 181 (II). Future Government of Palestine, Part 1-A, Termination of Mandate, Partition and Independence.
  112. ^ http://www.mideastweb.org/trusteeship.htm United States Proposal for Temporary United Nations Trusteeship for Palestine Source: Department of State Bulletin, vol. 18, No. 457, 4 April 1948, p. 451
  113. ^ Bier, Aharon, & Slae, Bracha,For the sake of Jerusalem, Mazo Publishers, 2006, p.49
  114. ^ Appendix IX-B, 'The Arab Expeditionary Forces to Palestine, 15/5/48, Khalidi, 1971, p. 867.

 


Pappé, Ilan (1994-08-15). Introduction. The Making of the Arab-Israeli Conflict, 19471951. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 9781850438199. https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=zAJZCKAwtPMC&redir_esc=y&hl=ja&pg=PR5&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=0_1#PPA1,M1 200952 

Khalidi, Rashid (2006). The Iron Cage: The Story of the Palestinian Struggle for Statehood. Beacon Press. ISBN 0-8070-0308-5. https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=xp3MQavDxjIC&redir_esc=y&hl=ja 200952 

Khalidi, Rashid (2007) [1st ed. 2001]. The Palestinians and 1948: the underlying causes of failure. In Eugene L. Rogan & Avi Shlaim. The War for Palestine: Rewriting the History of 1948 (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521699341. https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=h3EOJGiBBpQC&redir_esc=y&hl=ja&pg=PR5&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=0_1#PPA12,M1 200952 

Khalidi, Walid (1987) [Original in 1971]. From Haven to Conquest: Readings in Zionism and the Palestine Problem Until 1948. Institute for Palestine Studies. ISBN 0887281559. https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=qSpIAAAAMAAJ&redir_esc=y&hl=ja 200952 

Morris, Benny (2001) [Original in 1999]. Righteous Victims: A History of the Zionist-Arab Conflict, 18811999. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 978-0-679-74475-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=ZawVAQAACAAJ 200952 

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Biger, Gideon (2004). The Boundaries of Modern Palestine, 18401947. London: Routledge. ISBN 9780714656540. https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=jC9MbKNh8GUC&redir_esc=y&hl=ja 200952 

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Segev, Tom (2001) [Original in 2000]. Nebi Musa, 1920. One Palestine, Complete: Jews and Arabs Under the British Mandate. Trans. Haim Watzman. London: Henry Holt and Company. ISBN 9780805065879. https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=XvT8CWv2DakC&redir_esc=y&hl=ja&pg=PA127 200952 

Stein, Kenneth W. (1987) [Original in 1984]. The Land Question in Palestine, 19171939. University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 9780807841785. https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=hpvnNILnO3kC&redir_esc=y&hl=ja 200952 

Gilbert, Martin (1998). Israel: a history. Doubleday. ISBN 9780385404013. https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=Wn6gAAAAMAAJ&redir_esc=y&hl=ja 200952 

Shapira, Anita (1992). Land and Power: The Zionist Resort to Force, 18811948. trans. William Templer. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-506104-7. https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=h4K06WBjCrAC&redir_esc=y&hl=ja 200952 

Black, Ian (1991). Israel's Secret Wars: A History of Israel's Intelligence Services. Morris, Benny. Grove Press. ISBN 0-8021-1159-9 

Avneri, Aryeh L. (1984). The claim of dispossession: Jewish land-settlement and the Arabs, 18781948. Transaction Publishers. ISBN 9780878559640. https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=8Teb4dKHQcoC&redir_esc=y&hl=ja 200952 

Khalaf, Issa (1991). Politics in Palestine: Arab factionalism and social disintegration, 19391948. State University of New York Press. ISBN 9780791407080. https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=nrc3EUh9cyUC&redir_esc=y&hl=ja 200956 

 






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