批判的思考

出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』
批判的研究から転送)

: critical thinking[1][2][1][3][4][5]

  [5][ 1]

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1930196019701980[6]#

1970[6]

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F(D. F. Halpern)[6] F)[6] ALester A. Lefton (be evaluative)[6]

[6][6]

[7]

[]


Carole Wadeen:Carol_Tavris [6]

















Lefton[6]














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[8][1][2]

krineinjudge, decide[8]

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[9]

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100[9][9]

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(black-and-white thinking) [9]

 (false universal): [9]A[9]

 (fallacy of composition):

XX[9]

 (fallacy of division)

XX[9]

[9]

 (fallacy of the undistributed middle)

 (affirming the consequent)

 (denying the antecedent)

 (circular reasoning) (begging the question): 使[9]

argument from ignorance, argumentum ad ignorantiam: [9]

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 (hasty generalization, jumping to conclusion): 調[9]

 (stereotyping): [9]

 (false sampling)

[9]

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 (false cause)

 (slippery slope): 調[9]

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 (loaded language): [9][9]

 (equivocation)  (fallacy of the ambiguous middle) [9]

 (false analogy)

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:[9]

 (appeal to bandwagon, appeal to popularity)



 (ad hominem circumstantial)

 (Tu quoque)

 (loaded question)

, straw man

姿[9]姿[9]

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[10]

[10][10][10]principle of charity[10]

[10][10][10]

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 (informal logic) [10][10]

[10][10][10][10]

[10][10][10]

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[11][11][11]調[11]

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2004[11] (because) (so)[11]

J[11][11]20[11][11]

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[11][11]

[11]

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20122464[12]97[13]

脚注[編集]

注釈[編集]

  1. ^ "It is clear critical thinking is an important skill for life. ... Critical thinking is at the heart of scientific inquiry. A good scientist is one who never stops asking why things happen, or how things happen. Science makes progress when we find data that contradicts our current scientific ideas"[5].

出典[編集]

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. PRMU, 103659200421331-35 

PDF 122003311-20 

PDF32012379-98ISSN 1884-703X 

EBJE  40 19969ISBN 4-7628-2061-Xhttp://www.kitaohji.com/books/2061_X.html 

EBJE  50 19979ISBN 978-4-7628-2093-9http://www.kitaohji.com/books/2093_8.html 

TL  20049ISBN 4-7628-2407-0http://www.kitaohji.com/books/2407_0.html  - How to think about weird things.3rd ed., 

, 1997ISBN 978-4767431031 

 ?5920019109-127ISSN 1345-3319 

soft heart6020023161-170ISSN 1345-3319 

612002999-110ISSN 1345-3319 

?6420042333-346ISSN 1345-3319 

2322005654-60ISSN 0913-3747 

6820063177-190ISSN 1345-3319 

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STEAM

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b:en:Cognition and Instruction/Problem Solving, Critical Thinking and ArgumentationWikibooks