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International Phonetic Alphabet chart





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The following is the chart of the International Phonetic Alphabet, a standardized system of phonetic symbols devised and maintained by the International Phonetic Association. It is not a complete list of all possible speech sounds in the world's languages, only those about which stand-alone articles exist in this encyclopedia.

Official chart

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The official IPA chart, revised to 2020

Vowels

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Front Central Back
Close
i
 
y
 
 
u
Near-close
 
 
Close-mid
e
 
 
 
o
Mid
 
 
Open-mid
 
 
 
Near-open
 
Open
a
 
 
 
  •   audio
  • full chart
  • template
  • Legend: unrounded  rounded

    Consonants

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    Pulmonic consonants

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    Place Labial Coronal Dorsal Laryngeal
    Nasal m ɱ̊ ɱ n ɳ̊ ɳ ɲ̊ ɲ ŋ̊ ŋ ɴ̥ ɴ
    Plosive p b t d ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ q ɢ ʡ ʔ
    Sibilant affricate ts dz t̠ʃ d̠ʒ
    Non-sibilant affricate p̪f b̪v t̪θ d̪ð tɹ̝̊ dɹ̝ t̠ɹ̠̊˔ d̠ɹ̠˔ ɟʝ kx ɡɣ ɢʁ ʡʜ ʡʢ ʔh
    Sibilant fricative s z ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ ɕ ʑ
    Non-sibilant fricative ɸ β f v θ̼ ð̼ θ ð θ̠ ð̠ ɹ̠̊˔ ɹ̠˔ ɻ̊˔ ɻ˔ ç ʝ x ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ h ɦ
    Approximant ʋ ɹ ɻ j ɰ ʔ̞
    Tap/flap ⱱ̟ ɾ̼ ɾ̥ ɾ ɽ̊ ɽ ɢ̆ ʡ̆
    Trill ʙ̥ ʙ r ɽ̊r̥ ɽr ʀ̥ ʀ ʜ ʢ
    Lateral affricate tꞎ d𝼅 c𝼆 ɟʎ̝ k𝼄 ɡʟ̝
    Lateral fricative ɬ ɮ 𝼅 𝼆 ʎ̝ 𝼄 ʟ̝
    Lateral approximant l ɭ ʎ ʟ ʟ̠
    Lateral tap/flap ɺ̥ ɺ 𝼈̥ 𝼈 ʎ̆ ʟ̆
  •   audio
  • full chart
  • template
  • Symbols to the right in a cell are voiced, to the left are voiceless. Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.

    Non-pulmonic consonants

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    Ejective Stop ʈʼ ʡʼ
    Affricate p̪fʼ t̪θʼ tsʼ t̠ʃʼ tʂʼ tɕʼ kxʼ qχʼ
    Fricative ɸʼ θʼ ʃʼ ʂʼ ɕʼ χʼ
    Lateral affricate tɬʼ c𝼆ʼ k𝼄ʼ q𝼄ʼ
    Lateral fricative ɬʼ
    Click
    (top: velar;
    bottom: uvular)
    Tenuis


    k𝼊
    q𝼊

    Voiced ɡʘ
    ɢʘ
    ɡǀ
    ɢǀ
    ɡǃ
    ɢǃ
    ɡ𝼊
    ɢ𝼊
    ɡǂ
    ɢǂ
    Nasal ŋʘ
    ɴʘ
    ŋǀ
    ɴǀ
    ŋǃ
    ɴǃ
    ŋ𝼊
    ɴ𝼊
    ŋǂ
    ɴǂ
    ʞ
     
    Tenuis lateral
    Voiced lateral ɡǁ
    ɢǁ
    Nasal lateral ŋǁ
    ɴǁ
    Implosive Voiced ɓ ɗ ʄ ɠ ʛ
    Voiceless ɓ̥ ɗ̥ ᶑ̊ ʄ̊ ɠ̊ ʛ̥
  •   audio
  • full chart
  • template
  • Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.

    Co-articulated consonants

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    Labial–alveolar
    Labial–velar
    w
    Labial–velar
    ɧ
    Sj-sound (variable)
    Lateral approximant
    Velarized alveolar
    Labial–velar
    Labial–alveolar
  • full chart
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  • Other consonants

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    Tones

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    Tone registers
    ◌̋ ˥ Extra-high (top)
    ◌́ ˦ High
    ◌̄ ˧ Mid
    ◌̀ ˨ Low
    ◌̏ ˩ Extra-low (bottom)
    ꜜ◌ Downstep
    ꜛ◌ Upstep
    Tone contours
    ◌̌ ˩˥ ꜖꜒ Rising (low to high)
    ◌̂ ˥˩ ꜒꜖ Falling (high to low)
    ◌᷄ ˧˥ ꜔꜒ High rising
    ˨˦ ꜕꜓ Mid rising
    ◌᷅ ˩˧ ꜖꜔ Low rising
    ◌᷇ ˥˧ ꜒꜔ High falling
    ˦˨ ꜓꜕ Mid falling
    ◌᷆ ˧˩ ꜔꜖ Low falling
    ◌᷈ ˧˥˨, ˨˦˨, ˩˧˩ ꜔꜒꜕, ꜕꜓꜕, ꜖꜔꜖ Rising–falling (Peaking)
    ◌᷉ ˥˧˥, ˦˨˦, ˧˩˧ ꜒꜔꜒, ꜓꜕꜓, ꜔꜖꜔ Falling–rising (Dipping)

    Auxiliary symbols

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    Diacritics
    ◌̥ ◌̊ Voiceless ◌̤ Breathy voiced ◌̪ ◌͆ Dental
    ◌̬ Voiced ◌̰ Creaky voiced ◌̺ Apical
    ◌ʰ Aspirated ◌̼ Linguolabial ◌̻ Laminal
    ◌̹ ◌͗ ◌˒ More rounded ◌ʷ Labialized ◌̃ Nasalized
    ◌̜ ◌͑ ◌˓ Less rounded ◌ʲ Palatalized ◌ⁿ Nasal release
    ◌̟ ◌˖ Advanced ◌ˠ Velarized ◌ˡ Lateral release
    ◌̠ ◌˗ Retracted ◌ˤ Pharyngealized ◌̚ No audible release
    ◌̈ Centralized ◌̴ Velarizedorpharyngealized ◌ᵊ Mid central vowel release
    ◌̽ Mid-centralized ◌̝ ◌˔ Raised ◌ᶿ Voiceless dental fricative release
    ◌̩ ◌̍ Syllabic ◌̞ ◌˕ Lowered ◌ˣ Voiceless velar fricative release
    ◌̯ ◌̑ Non-syllabic ◌̘ ◌꭪ Advanced tongue root ◌ʼ Ejective
    ◌˞ Rhoticity ◌̙ ◌꭫ Retracted tongue root ◌͡◌
    ◌͜◌
    Affricateordouble articulation
    Suprasegmentals
    ˈ Primary stress
    ˌ Secondary stress
    ː Long
    ˑ Half-long
    ◌̆ Extra-short
    | Minor (foot) group
    Major (intonation) group
    . Syllable break
    Linking (absence of a break)
    ↗︎ Global rise
    ↘︎ Global fall
    Transcription
    [ ] Phonetic transcription
    / / Phonemic transcription
    { } Prosodic notation
    ( ) Indistinguishable utterance
    ⸨ ⸩ Sound obscured

    See also

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    Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Phonetic_Alphabet_chart&oldid=1227152799"
     



    Last edited on 4 June 2024, at 01:16  





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    This page was last edited on 4 June 2024, at 01:16 (UTC).

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