→Ordination: hallali
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===Stages=== |
===Stages=== |
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*For the first 7 of the 68 days, both the novice and the initiator stay in the ''škinta'' without sleeping. This period is concluded by the novice baptizing the initiator. |
*For the first 7 of the 68 days, both the novice and the initiator stay in the ''škinta'' without sleeping. This period is concluded by the novice baptizing the initiator. |
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*Next, the novice goes through 60 days of seclusion, maintains his ritual purity, and cooks his own food. Only the ''šganda'', who visits everyday to exchange ''[[kušṭa]]'', is allowed to come in contact with the novice during these 60 days of seclusion. 180 '' |
*Next, the novice goes through 60 days of seclusion, maintains his ritual purity, and cooks his own food. Only the ''šganda'', who visits everyday to exchange ''[[kušṭa]]'', is allowed to come in contact with the novice during these 60 days of seclusion. 180 ''[[rahma (Mandaeism)|rahma]]s'' (devotional prayers) are recited during these 60 days, with 60 prayers each meant for the soul, spirit, and body (hence 3 sets of 60) as the ''[[The Coronation of the Great Šišlam|Coronation]]'' text explains. |
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*After the 60 days of seclusion are over, additional rituals are performed with priests, including a ''zidqa brikha'' (blessed [[oblation]]; {{lang-myz|ࡆࡉࡃࡒࡀ ࡁࡓࡉࡊࡀ}}) ritual meal. |
*After the 60 days of seclusion are over, additional rituals are performed with priests, including a ''zidqa brikha'' (blessed [[oblation]]; {{lang-myz|ࡆࡉࡃࡒࡀ ࡁࡓࡉࡊࡀ}}) ritual meal. |
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*Finally, the novice baptizes his initiator again, and the 68-day ordination ceremony is complete.<ref name="Buckley 2002">{{cite book|last=Buckley|first=Jorunn Jacobsen|title=The Mandaeans: ancient texts and modern people|publisher=Oxford University Press|publication-place=New York|year=2002|isbn=0-19-515385-5|oclc=65198443}}</ref> |
*Finally, the novice baptizes his initiator again, and the 68-day ordination ceremony is complete.<ref name="Buckley 2002">{{cite book|last=Buckley|first=Jorunn Jacobsen|title=The Mandaeans: ancient texts and modern people|publisher=Oxford University Press|publication-place=New York|year=2002|isbn=0-19-515385-5|oclc=65198443}}</ref> |
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| || 4th kušṭa |
| || 4th kušṭa |
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| || 18, 109 ( |
| || 18, 109 ([[rahma (Mandaeism)|rahma]]s [devotions]) |
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| 58 (with zhara) || 58 |
| 58 (with zhara) || 58 |
Atarmida (singular form in Classical Mandaic: ࡕࡀࡓࡌࡉࡃࡀ, plural form in Classical Mandaic: ࡕࡀࡓࡌࡉࡃࡉࡀ, literally 'disciple' in Mandaic; Persian: ترمیدا; Arabic: ترميذة) is a junior priestinMandaeism. Ganzibras, or head priests, rank above tarmidas.[1]
Tarmida initiates or novices (šualia ࡔࡅࡀࡋࡉࡀ) can come from any "pure" family ("pure" laymen are also known as hallaliinMandaic). Typically, they have been trained as ritual assistants (šgandaorašganda) when they were children. Initiates may or may not be married, although typically they are not yet married.[2]
In order to be ordained as a tarmida, the initiate (šualia ࡔࡅࡀࡋࡉࡀ) must go through a complex series of initiation rituals lasting 68 days. Various rituals are performed by the initiator priest (rba ࡓࡁࡀ), who recites from priestly esoteric texts such as The Coronation of the Great Šišlam (Classical Mandaic: Šarh d-Traṣa d-Taga d-Šišlam Rabbā),[3] the Scroll of Exalted Kingship (Classical Mandaic: Diwan Malkuta ʿLaita),[4] The Great Supreme World (Classical Mandaic: Alma Rišaia Rba),[5] and the Qolasta. Ritual helpers (šgandaorašganda ࡔࡂࡀࡍࡃࡀ), who represent emissaries from the World of Light, also help perform the rituals, many of which are held in a specially constructed priest initiation hut (škinta) and also a nearby temporary reed hut (andiruna).[2]
Below is the sequence of Qolasta prayer numbers for the tarmida initiation according to both the Coronation and Exalted Kingship. Exalted Kingship contains more detailed descriptions of the rituals, while the Coronation is shorter. During the prayers, pihta ࡐࡉࡄࡕࡀ (sacramental bread) and mambuha ࡌࡀࡌࡁࡅࡄࡀ (sacramental water) are also consumed. Ritual handclasps (kušṭa) are often exchanged between the novice and the initiator, and sometimes also with the ritual assistant (šganda). Various names of the deceased (zhara ࡆࡄࡀࡓࡀ) are also uttered along with the prayers.[2]
Coronation | Exalted Kingship |
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323 | 323 |
1–103 (novice’s recital in škinta) | 1–103 |
324–327 (coronation prayers) | 324–327 |
3, 5, 19 | 3, 5, 19 |
79, 81 | 79, 80, 81 |
Coronation | Exalted Kingship |
---|---|
1, 3, 5, 19 | 1, 3, 5, 19 |
32 | 32 |
8, 34 (incense prayers) | 8, 34 |
75–77 | 75–77 |
35 (with zharas) | 35 |
Coronation | Exalted Kingship |
---|---|
10–13 | |
18 | |
414 | |
19 | |
1st kušṭa | |
82 | |
20–24 | |
2nd kušṭa | |
36–45 (pihta and mambuha) | |
3rd kušṭa | |
25–28 (sealing prayers) | |
29, 30, 83–86, 88, 90 | |
71–72 (1st concurrence) | |
4th kušṭa | |
18, 109 (rahmas [devotions]) | |
58 (with zhara) | 58 |
65 | 65 |
168–169 | 168–169 |
71–72 | 71–72 (2nd concurrence) |
36–45 (pihta and mambuha) | |
59–60 | 59–60 |
31, 8 | 31, 8 |
72 | 72 |
171 | |
mqaimitun ["be raised up!"] (repeated 61 times) | mqaimitun ["be raised up!"] |
80 | 80 |
kušṭa with šganda | 5th kušṭa |
63 (masiqta oil) | 63 |
178 | 178 |
1, 3, 9, 15 | |
344–345 | |
233–256 (kḏ azil[6]) | 233–256 |
330–347 (drabša prayers) |
The Coronation contains 3 sets of prayers during the final part of the ritual that are not listed in Exalted Kingship.
Coronation | Exalted Kingship |
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1, 3, 5, 19 | 1, 3, 5, 19 |
35, 9 | 35, 9 |
15–17 | 15–17 |
25–28 (haṭamtas [sealing prayers]) | 25–28 |
Coronation | Exalted Kingship |
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180–199 | 180–199 |
305–321 (antiphons) | 305–321 |
Coronation | Exalted Kingship |
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72, 31, 8, 94, 63, kḏ azil | |
106–108 | 106–108 |
1, 3, 5, 19 | 1, 3, 5, 19 |
8, 34 | 8 |
165–169 | |
113 (a Sunday prayer) | 113 |
114–117 | 114–116 |
77, 9, 35 | 77, 9, 35 |
15–17 | 15–17 |
25–28 | 25–28 |
58, 65 | 58, 65 |
119–122 | |
165–169 | 165 |
71–72 | 71–72 (3rd concurrence) |
36–45 | 36–45 |
59–60 | 59–60 |
72 | 72 |
171 | |
80 | 80 |
kušṭa | kušṭa |
Prayers 34 and 119–122 are included in the Coronation, but not Exalted Kingship.