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Tarmida initiates or [[novice]]s ({{lang|myz|ࡔࡅࡀࡋࡉࡀ}} {{transliteration|myz|šualia}}) can come from any "pure" family. In other words, the families must be ritually pure, meaning that there are no family members who have committed grave sins. Ritually pure laymen are also known as ''hallali'' in [[Mandaic language|Mandaic]]. Typically, the novices have been trained as ritual assistants (''[[shganda|šganda]]'' or ''ašganda'') when they were children. Initiates may or may not be married, although typically they are not yet married.<ref name="Buckley 2002"/> |
Tarmida initiates or [[novice]]s ({{lang|myz|ࡔࡅࡀࡋࡉࡀ}} {{transliteration|myz|šualia}}) can come from any "pure" family. In other words, the families must be ritually pure, meaning that there are no family members who have committed grave sins. Ritually pure laymen are also known as ''hallali'' in [[Mandaic language|Mandaic]]. Typically, the novices have been trained as ritual assistants (''[[shganda|šganda]]'' or ''ašganda'') when they were children. Initiates may or may not be married, although typically they are not yet married.<ref name="Buckley 2002"/> |
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In order to be ordained as a tarmida, the initiate ({{lang|myz|ࡔࡅࡀࡋࡉࡀ}} {{transliteration|myz|šualia}}) must go through a complex series of [[initiation]] rituals lasting 68 days. Various rituals are performed by the initiator priest ({{lang|myz|ࡓࡁࡀ}} {{transliteration|myz|rba}}), who recites from priestly esoteric texts such as ''[[The Coronation of the Great Shishlam]]'' ({{transliteration|myz|Šarh d-Traṣa d-Taga d-Šišlam Rabbā}}),<ref name="DC54">Drower, E. S. 1962. ''[https://www.worldcat.org/title/coronation-of-the-great-sislam-being-a-description-of-the-rite-of-the-coronation-of-a-mandaean-priest-according-to-the-ancient-canon-translation-from-two-manuscripts-entitled-the-coronation-of-sislam-rba-dc-54-bodleian-library-oxford-1008-ah-and-or-6592-british-museum-1298-ah-with-discussion-of-the-words-written-in-the-dust/oclc/1351010 The Coronation of the Great Šišlam: Being a Description of the Rite of the Coronation of a Mandaean Priest according to the ancient Canon]''. Leiden: Brill.</ref> the ''[[Scroll of Exalted Kingship]]'' ({{transliteration|myz|Diwan Malkuta ʿLaita}}),<ref>{{cite book|last=Buckley|first=Jorunn Jacobsen|title=The Scroll of Exalted Kingship: Diwan Malkuta ʿLaita|location=New Haven, Connecticut|publisher=American Oriented Society|year=1993}}</ref> ''[[Alma Rišaia Rba|The Great Supreme World]]'' ({{ |
In order to be ordained as a tarmida, the initiate ({{lang|myz|ࡔࡅࡀࡋࡉࡀ}} {{transliteration|myz|šualia}}) must go through a complex series of [[initiation]] rituals lasting 68 days. Various rituals are performed by the initiator priest ({{lang|myz|ࡓࡁࡀ}} {{transliteration|myz|rba}}), who recites from priestly esoteric texts such as ''[[The Coronation of the Great Shishlam]]'' ({{transliteration|myz|Šarh d-Traṣa d-Taga d-Šišlam Rabbā}}),<ref name="DC54">Drower, E. S. 1962. ''[https://www.worldcat.org/title/coronation-of-the-great-sislam-being-a-description-of-the-rite-of-the-coronation-of-a-mandaean-priest-according-to-the-ancient-canon-translation-from-two-manuscripts-entitled-the-coronation-of-sislam-rba-dc-54-bodleian-library-oxford-1008-ah-and-or-6592-british-museum-1298-ah-with-discussion-of-the-words-written-in-the-dust/oclc/1351010 The Coronation of the Great Šišlam: Being a Description of the Rite of the Coronation of a Mandaean Priest according to the ancient Canon]''. Leiden: Brill.</ref> the ''[[Scroll of Exalted Kingship]]'' ({{transliteration|myz|Diwan Malkuta ʿLaita}}),<ref>{{cite book|last=Buckley|first=Jorunn Jacobsen|title=The Scroll of Exalted Kingship: Diwan Malkuta ʿLaita|location=New Haven, Connecticut|publisher=American Oriented Society|year=1993}}</ref> ''[[Alma Rišaia Rba|The Great Supreme World]]'' ({{transliteration|myz|[[Alma Rišaia Rba]]}}),<ref name="pair">Drower, E. S. 1963. ''[https://archive.org/details/pairofnaoraeanco0000unse A Pair of Naṣoraean Commentaries: Two Priestly Documents, the Great First World and the Lesser First World]''. Leiden: Brill.</ref> and the ''[[Qolasta]]''. Ritual helpers (''[[šganda]]'' or ''ašganda'' {{lang|myz|ࡔࡂࡀࡍࡃࡀ}}), who represent emissaries from the [[World of Light]], also help perform the rituals, many of which are held in a specially constructed priest initiation hut (''[[škinta]]'') and also a nearby temporary reed hut (''[[andiruna]]'').<ref name="Buckley 2002"/> |
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===Stages=== |
===Stages=== |
Atarmida (singular form in Classical Mandaic: ࡕࡀࡓࡌࡉࡃࡀ, lit. 'disciple', plural form in Classical Mandaic: ࡕࡀࡓࡌࡉࡃࡉࡀ tarmidia; Persian: ترمیدا; Arabic: ترميذة) is a junior priestinMandaeism. Ganzibras, or head priests, rank above tarmidas.[1]
Tarmida initiates or novices (ࡔࡅࡀࡋࡉࡀ šualia) can come from any "pure" family. In other words, the families must be ritually pure, meaning that there are no family members who have committed grave sins. Ritually pure laymen are also known as hallaliinMandaic. Typically, the novices have been trained as ritual assistants (šgandaorašganda) when they were children. Initiates may or may not be married, although typically they are not yet married.[2]
In order to be ordained as a tarmida, the initiate (ࡔࡅࡀࡋࡉࡀ šualia) must go through a complex series of initiation rituals lasting 68 days. Various rituals are performed by the initiator priest (ࡓࡁࡀ rba), who recites from priestly esoteric texts such as The Coronation of the Great Shishlam (Šarh d-Traṣa d-Taga d-Šišlam Rabbā),[3] the Scroll of Exalted Kingship (Diwan Malkuta ʿLaita),[4] The Great Supreme World (Alma Rišaia Rba),[5] and the Qolasta. Ritual helpers (šgandaorašganda ࡔࡂࡀࡍࡃࡀ), who represent emissaries from the World of Light, also help perform the rituals, many of which are held in a specially constructed priest initiation hut (škinta) and also a nearby temporary reed hut (andiruna).[2]
Below is the sequence of Qolasta prayer numbers for the tarmida initiation according to both the Coronation and Exalted Kingship. Exalted Kingship contains more detailed descriptions of the rituals, while the Coronation is shorter. During the prayers, pihta ࡐࡉࡄࡕࡀ (sacramental bread) and mambuha ࡌࡀࡌࡁࡅࡄࡀ (sacramental water) are also consumed. Ritual handclasps (kušṭa) are often exchanged between the novice and the initiator, and sometimes also with the ritual assistant (šganda). Various names of the deceased (zhara ࡆࡄࡀࡓࡀ) are also uttered along with the prayers.[2]
Coronation | Exalted Kingship |
---|---|
323 | 323 |
1–103 (novice’s recital in škinta) | 1–103 |
324–327 (coronation prayers) | 324–327 |
3, 5, 19 | 3, 5, 19 |
79, 81 | 79, 80, 81 |
Coronation | Exalted Kingship |
---|---|
1, 3, 5, 19 | 1, 3, 5, 19 |
32 | 32 |
8, 34 (incense prayers) | 8, 34 |
75–77 | 75–77 |
35 (with zharas) | 35 |
Coronation | Exalted Kingship |
---|---|
10–13 | |
18 | |
414 | |
19 | |
1st kušṭa | |
82 | |
20–24 | |
2nd kušṭa | |
36–45 (pihta and mambuha) | |
3rd kušṭa | |
25–28 (sealing prayers) | |
29, 30, 83–86, 88, 90 | |
71–72 (1st concurrence) | |
4th kušṭa | |
18, 109 (rahmas [devotions]) | |
58 (with zhara) | 58 |
65 | 65 |
168–169 | 168–169 |
71–72 | 71–72 (2nd concurrence) |
36–45 (pihta and mambuha) | |
59–60 | 59–60 |
31, 8 | 31, 8 |
72 | 72 |
171 | |
mqaimitun ["be raised up!"] (repeated 61 times) | mqaimitun ["be raised up!"] |
80 | 80 |
kušṭa with šganda | 5th kušṭa |
63 (masiqta oil) | 63 |
178 | 178 |
1, 3, 9, 15 | |
344–345 | |
233–256 (kḏ azil[6]) | 233–256 |
330–347 (drabša prayers) |
The Coronation contains 3 sets of prayers during the final part of the ritual that are not listed in Exalted Kingship.
Coronation | Exalted Kingship |
---|---|
1, 3, 5, 19 | 1, 3, 5, 19 |
35, 9 | 35, 9 |
15–17 | 15–17 |
25–28 (haṭamtas [sealing prayers]) | 25–28 |
Coronation | Exalted Kingship |
---|---|
180–199 | 180–199 |
305–321 (antiphons) | 305–321 |
Coronation | Exalted Kingship |
---|---|
72, 31, 8, 94, 63, kḏ azil | |
106–108 | 106–108 |
1, 3, 5, 19 | 1, 3, 5, 19 |
8, 34 | 8 |
165–169 | |
113 (a Sunday prayer) | 113 |
114–117 | 114–116 |
77, 9, 35 | 77, 9, 35 |
15–17 | 15–17 |
25–28 | 25–28 |
58, 65 | 58, 65 |
119–122 | |
165–169 | 165 |
71–72 | 71–72 (3rd concurrence) |
36–45 | 36–45 |
59–60 | 59–60 |
72 | 72 |
171 | |
80 | 80 |
kušṭa | kušṭa |
Prayers 34 and 119–122 are included in the Coronation, but not Exalted Kingship.
The gallery below contains images of a tarmida initiation held in Baghdad in 2008.[7]