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(Top) 1 Dialects 2 Phonology 2.1 Consonants 2.2 Vowels 3 References

Telue language

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Telue
White Gelao
Duoluo
Native to	China, Vietnam
Region	Guizhou, Guangxi, Yunnan, Ha Giang Province
Native speakers	(1,220 cited 1987)^[1]
Language family	Kra–Dai Kra Ge–Chi Gelao Telue
Language codes
ISO 639-3	`giw`
Glottolog	`whit1267`
ELP	White Gelao

Telue (pinyin transcription: Duoluo 多罗; Tolo) or White Gelao is a Gelao language spoken in China and Vietnam.^[2]^[3]

Dialects

[edit]

The primary dialectal areas where Telue (White Gelao) is still spoken are:^[4]

Guizhou, China (inLiuzhi Special District^[5]): Judu 居都
Guangxi, China (inLonglin County): Moji 磨基 (also spoken in Wantao 湾桃)
Yunnan, China (inMalipo County): Yueliangwan 月亮湾 (also spoken in Fengyan 峰岩 and Laozhai 老寨)
Vietnam (inHà Giang Province)^[6]

Phonology

[edit]

Duoluo has many uvular and prenasalized consonants.^[7]

Consonants

[edit]

		Labial			Dental/ Alveolar		(Alveolo-) palatal	Velar			Uvular	Glottal
		plain	pal.	lat.	plain	pal.	(Alveolo-) palatal	plain	pal.	lab.	Uvular	plain	pal.
Stop	voiceless	p	pʲ	pˡ	t	tʲ		k	kʲ	kʷ	q	ʔ	ʔʲ
	aspirated	pʰ	pʲʰ	pˡʰ	tʰ	tʲʰ		kʰ	kʲʰ	kʷʰ	qʰ
	voiced	b	bʲ	bˡ	d	dʲ		ɡ
Affricate	voiceless				ts		tɕ
	aspirated				tsʰ		(tɕʰ)
	voiced				dz		dʑ
Fricative	voiceless	f			s		ɕ					h
Fricative	voiced	v			z			ɣ
Nasal	voiceless	m̥			n̥		ɲ̟̊	ŋ̊
Nasal	voiced	m	mʲ	mˡ	n		ɲ̟	ŋ
Lateral	fricative				ɬ
	glide				l	lʲ						ˀl
	labial				lʷ
Approximant							j			(w)

The sound of the affricates /ts, tsʰ, dz/ are frequently close to interdental affricate sounds [tθ, tθʰ, dð].
The pronunciation of /j/ can sometimes be close to an alveolo-palatal sound [ʑ], but not as fully articulated.
/ŋ/ can also form a syllabic nasal [ŋ̍].
Sounds /tɕʰ, w/ mainly appear in modern Chinese loanwords.

Vowels

[edit]

	Front		Central	Back
Close	i	y		ɯ	u
Mid	e		ə	o
Open	a			ɑ
Syllabic			ɹ̩

/ɹ̩/ only is heard after dental/alveolar fricatives and affricates only, /i/ is never heard in this position.
/ə/ and /ɯ/ are typically free variants of each other. When used as a single vowel, it is commonly heard as [ɯ], but when followed by a back vowel /ɯ, u/ it is pronounced as [ə].^[8]

References

[edit]

^ TelueatEthnologue (24th ed., 2021)

^ Zhang Jimin 张済民. 1993. Gelao yu yan jiu 仡佬语研究 (A study of Gelao). Guiyang, China: Guizhou People's Press 贵州民族出版社.

^ Zhou Guoyan 周国炎. 2004. Gelao zu mu yu sheng tai yan jiu 仡佬族母語生态硏究 (Studies on the linguistic ecology of the Gelao people). Beijing: Ethnic Publishing House 民族出版社.

^ Li Jinfang [李锦芳]. 2006. Studies on endangered languages in the Southwest China [西南地区濒危语言调查研究]. Beijing: Minzu University [中央民族大学出版社].

^ Li, Jinfang 李锦芳 (2019). Guizhou Liuzhi Gelaoyu 贵州六枝仡佬语. Beijing: The Commercial Press. OCLC 1112270585.

^ Samarina, Irina Vladimirovna [Самарина, Ирина Владимировна]. 2011. The Gelao language: materials for a Kadai comparative dictionary [Языки гэлао: материалы к сопоставительному словарю кадайских языко]. Moscow: Academia. ISBN 9785874443917

^ Edmondson, Jerold A. "Kra or Kadai languages" (PDF). Ling.uta.edu. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-15. Retrieved 2013-11-30.

^ Zhuo, Guoyan (2000). The phonology system of Judu Gelao language. The Fifth International Symposium on Languages and Linguistics: Hochiminh City: Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City University.

Mulam
Kam (Dong)
Cao Miao
Nuoxi (Naxi Yao)
Then
Maonan
Chadong
Sui
Mak
Ai-Cham

Biao

Biao

Lakkia

Lakkia

Hlai

Jiamao

Jiamao

Be–Jizhao

Be
Jizhao

Tai
(Zhuang, etc.)

Northern

Central

Southwestern
(Thai)

Northwestern	Shan Tai Ya Tai Nuea Tai Long Tai Hongjin Khamti Tai Laing Phake Aiton Khamyang Ahom Turung
Lao–Phutai	Lao Phu Thai Isan Tai Yo (Nyaw) Lao Nyo Kaloeng
Chiang Saen	Thai (Siamese) Northern Thai Tai Daeng Tai Meuay Tai Dón Tai Hang Tong Tai Lue Yong Tai Dam Khün Phuan Thai Song Tày Tac
Southern	Southern Thai
(other)	Sapa Pa Di Tai Muong Vat Tai Thanh Tai Khang Kuan

(mixed)

Cao Lan

(mixed origins)

proposed groupings

Kam–Tai

Proto-languages

Italics indicate extinct languages

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