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サブプライム住宅ローン危機

出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』

: subprime mortgage crisis20072009

[1]

概要[編集]




[2][3]MBS[4]80%[5]

2006

[]

[]


使

[]


2008915

[6]

201524[7]


背景と事件の経緯[編集]

住宅バブルを招いた原因
住宅価格の下落によるドミノ倒し

20052006[8][9]200620072006

20022004[10][11](MBS)(en)MBS[12]

(en)[13][14]調

20081110118201240%[15][16]20081120093[17](en)[18][19][20]

[]

20072009

[21]

2007313[22]750[23]2004200618%21%20012003200710%[24][25]200736.8%43%[26]20071016%9020053[27]2008121%[28]2008525%[29]

42006992008106[30]2007130200679%[31]2008230200777%[32]2009280200821%[33]

200889.2%[34]2009914.4%[35]20078200810936,439[36][37]200874%10241%91.84%[38]

[]


貿[39][40][41]2/28228[5][42][43]

20081115G20

10[44]

20105

(一)[45]

(二)

(三)

(四)貿

(五)[46]

[]

[47]

[48]199464%1980200469.2%[49]

19972006124%[50]2001202.93.120044.020064.6[51]2007127%199077%[52]

[53]19747,05060%2000742008145134%[54]20081340%19706%[55]20016,270200514,2805[56][57][58]GDP199046%200873%105[59]

2006[60](en:Adjustable-rate mortgage)

[61]

20089200620%[62][63]02008388010.8%2008111,200[64]12%200847%[65]

200726.4%200812007129.81981[66]400[67]290[68][69]

住宅所有者による投機[編集]


[70]200622%16514%107200528%12%40%en:NARDavid Lereah2006退2006[71]

20002006[72]2005[73]

(en)(Nicole Gelinas)[74](en)[75][76][77]

8調(en:United States Attorney)調[78]

調(en:FCIC)[79]

[]


[80](en)[81]19943505%[82]19969%[83]19991,600(13%)[82]20066,000(20%)[83][84][85]調20012007(en:credit cycle)[86]

20052%43%[87]20%[88]
(en:Suspicious activity reportSAR)

(SIVA)(NIVA)NINANINA(en:Ninja loans)NINA[89]

(interest-only ARM)200420061/34%[90]

200041%200661%[91]

[92]200740%[93][94](en:MBA)(John Robbins)[95][96]2004FBIS&L(en:Savings and loan crisis)[97][98][99][100]

NPR200070(en:Fixed income)200020072(MBS)(CDO)(en)2003MBSCDONPR[101]

20002007[# 1]2006423

債権の証券化[編集]

証券化構造の下での借り入れ

/(originate to distribute)[102][103]

1990(MBS)19962007373MBS200154%200675%[86]2008258710200720081/3[104][105]20092[106]

(en)(en:David X. Li)調(ABS)CDO[107]



[108]

不正確な信用格付け[編集]

不動産担保証券の格下げ状況、四半期毎

(MBS)調MBS[109]

[110]2008611SEC[111]2008123SEC10調[112]

200732008219(MBS)MBS[113]

政府の政策[編集]

米国のサブプライム融資は2004年から2006年に劇的に増加した

SEC[114][115]

G.W.1982(en)(AMTPA)1980(interest-only)S&L(en:Savings and loan crisis)[5][42][116]80%[5]

1995[117]1996(HUD)42%200050%200552%[118]20022006292%3801,7509003,500Alt-A(en)1990Alt-A200851[119](GSE)20086301,140[120]20089GSEen:Conservatorship)[121][122]

(en)3[123]1980(en)[43][124]

(en:CRA)1977[125][126][127][128]30[129][130][131][132]1990CRACRA[133][134]

(en)(FDIC)(Sheila Bair)CRA[135][136]

20101CRA[137]

[]


[138][139]

[43](en:GAO)1998[140]

2000200020036.5%1.0%[141]2001911[138]CEO(en)2000[142][143]

2004720067[144]15[145][146][147]

[]

20032007

20042007調(MBS)1調2007[148]

2004(SEC)(en:net capital rule)20042007552007412007GDP30%2001200310%200420061820%調[24][25]

200832[149][150]

452SPV簿2009簿5,00012009[151]

20096(en)2000簿[152]

2006239[51][153]

MBSCDO[154]

[]


(CDS)

CDSCDS19982008100CDS2008113347CDS2008CDSCDSCDSAIGen:MBIAen:AmbacCDS調AIGCDS4,400[155]

200896,000CDS[156][157]2008(CDO)AIGCDSCDO[158][159]

CDS[160]

CDSCDOCDSAIGCDS[161]20104en:Magnetar CapitalCDSCDONPRCDO[162][163][164]CDSCDO20104SEC[165]

[]

貿

2005[166]199620046,500GDP1.5%5.8%40%en:Global saving glut[143]

使[167][168]

[]


20086調2007(en:ABCP)[# 2](en:SIV)en:Auction rate securityTender Option BondTOBVRDNvariable-rate demand notes22251845610[13]

[169][170]

2007200831[104][105]

20101(en)調(en:FCIC)(CDO)2006220091,500FRBTALFCDO[171]

20103(en)MMF調[172]

被害[編集]

アメリカ合衆国の被害[編集]

主要な国富指標に見る危機による被害

200762008111/4200811S&P 500200745%200620%3035%2006132008882008退222%200610320088退1.21.383[173][174][175][176]

金融市場の被害、2007年[編集]

FDICの図表-米国における銀行と貯蓄金融機関の収益性、四半期毎

20072HSBC105[177]2007100[178]2007[179][180]

2007(stores of value)[181]2007-2008(en:2000s energy crisis)[182][183][184]

(FDIC)8,53320064352164,60098%20074199020071,00020061,45031%200713562008119346%[185][186]

金融市場の被害、2008年[編集]

en:TED spread(信用リスクの指標)は2008年9月に劇的に増加した。

200885,010[187]152008117,500(en)調[188]

20089[189]200891516MMF(en)172MMF1,690250調en:TED spread420082515 [188]

[190]

(IMF)200712009912007201028116IMF60%40%[191]

対策[編集]


200778BNP[192]20089

CNN - Bailout Scorecard

連邦準備制度と中央銀行[編集]


(FRB)2008沿[28]FRB

5.25%2%5.75%2.25%200791820084306[193][194]200812FRB00.25%25[195]

en:discount rate[196]

FRB(en:TAF)(en:TALF)[197]

200811FRB6,000[198]

20093(FOMC)FRB(GSE)7,50012,500GSE1,0002,00020093,000[199]

FRBFRB[200]

景気刺激策[編集]


2009213W1,680[201]2008428(en:2000s energy crisis)

20092172009 7,870[202]750(en:Homeowners Affordability and Stability Plan)[203]

銀行の支払い能力と資本の再建[編集]

米国の大手銀行で普通株式株主資本(Common Equity)が総資産に占める比率

調

200810(EESATARP)(en:TARP)7,000使[204][205]

20093en:Public-Private Partnership Investment Program[206]

CNN - Bailout Scorecard 

200812TARPReuters-TARP Funds 

金融機関への資本注入と破綻[編集]

2007年9月15日、イギリスバーミンガムノーザン・ロック銀行の支店前で、サブプライム危機により預金を引き出すため並ぶ人々。

調[207]

542008[208](GSE)200895[209]79GDP14[210]2008910[211]

(en:SIV)[212]8701,500[213]20089(OTS(en))[214]TARP7,000[215]

200825FDIC[216]200981477[217]7199350199219911990[218]200712退600[219]

FDIC20091130[220]19939[220]

辿2004223(en:MBA)[221]200731[221]

[]


en:Loss mitigation[222]

10020092011900[223]2006調159004,500[224]

20072009(en:Hope Now Alliance)[225]200822007545,000200797107.7%[226]

2008[227][228][229]

(en:Mortgage modification)40%8[230][231][232]200812FDIC2008[233]

20092(en)2030%2,000[234][235]

調20083%調調(en)(Paul Willen)[236]

調50%200858820072200846018%[237]

「住宅所有者の支払余力と安定性支援計画」[編集]


: Homeowners Affordability and Stability Plan[238][239]

20092189007302,000EESA7,00031%38%31%[240][241][242]

規制案と長期的解決策[編集]


20096[243][244][245]

20096

[246]

E[18]19331999(en)[123]

en)(en)[247]

[169]

[248]

10%[249]

(en)[212]

(en)退[250]

[251]

(en)[252][253]

(en)[254][255]

(en)(counter-cyclical)(pro-cyclical)(value)(momentum)退[256]

200910295

(一)FDIC

(二)

(三)

(四)FDIC

(五)[257]

200912201052[258]

[]


FBIAIG[259]Amerimod14[260]FBI[261][262]20083FBICountrywide(en)[263]

2007300[264]

影響[編集]


20084IMF1[265]IMF4[266]22

(en)[267]

[268]

(en)2008[188]

CEO貿[269][270]

2009[271]1%[272]CEO退[273]

2008117[274]FRB[275]

西貿[276]

20105(sustainable values)(situational values)(Dov Seidman)[277]

198620061FRB(en)[# 3][278][138]

調

関連項目[編集]

注釈[編集]

  1. ^ exotic mortgage products:初期は金利不要を謳うなどの「奇抜な」ローン商品
  2. ^ 導管はconduitの訳語。ここではABCPを扱う特別目的会社等を指す
  3. ^ en:Perfect storm:"考えられる中で最悪の事態"の意

脚注[編集]



(一)^ : subprime mortgage

(二)^ : Fannie Mae

(三)^ : Freddie Mac

(四)^ : mortgage backed securities

(五)^ abcdDodd, Chris (2007-02-07), Senator Dodd: Create, Sustain, Preserve, and Protect the American Dream of Home Ownership, dodd.senate.gov, http://dodd.senate.gov/?q=node/3731 2009218 

(六)^ JP
JP51 2013/10/26 10:35 JST

JP26 20141807:30

3  2015.2.26
UBS
3 2.35 2015214

RBS 2015/05/12
3179
RBS960 2015/05/16 17:32 JST
FRB
DebtNet (vol.8 #22) GAOFRB16 20119

 2.5

 2.04

 1.949

 1.344

 8,680

 8,530

 8,140

 5,410

JP 3,910

 3,540

UBS 2,870

 2,620

 1,830

 1,810

 1.750

Federal Reserve gives 16 Trillion of your money to their bankster buddies. lincoln county watch

(七)^ WSJ FHFA 201525 11:14 JST

(八)^ "Episode 06292007". en:Bill Moyers Journal. 29 June 2007. http://www.pbs.org/moyers/journal/06292007/transcript5.html {{cite episode}}: |transcripturl= ()

(九)^ Lahart, Justin (2007-12-24), Egg Cracks Differ In Housing, Finance Shells, Wall Street Journal, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB119845906460548071.html?mod=googlenews_wsj 2008713 

(十)^ Bernanke, Ben S. (2009-04-14), Four Questions About the Financial Crisis, , http://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/bernanke20090414a.htm 2010623 

(11)^ Krugman, Paul (2009-03-01), Revenge of the Glut, , http://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/02/opinion/02krugman.html?_r=1 2010710 

(12)^  (2009-01). Executive Summary. . http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2009/01/pdf/exesum.pdf 2010623. 

(13)^ abGeithner, Timothy F. (2008-06-09), Reducing Systemic Risk in a Dynamic Financial System, , http://www.newyorkfed.org/newsevents/speeches/2008/tfg080609.html 2010623 

(14)^ Greenspan, Alan (2009-03-26), We Need a Better Cushion Against Risk, , http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/9c158a92-1a3c-11de-9f91-0000779fd2ac.html 2010710 

(15)^  Wall Street Journal, (2008-10-11), p. 1 

(16)^ Friedman, Thomas L. (2008-11-16), Gonna Need a Bigger Boat, , http://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/16/opinion/16friedman.html?em 2010624 

(17)^  G-20 Calls for Action on Growth, Overhaul of Financial Rules, Bloomberg.com, http://www.bloomberg.com/index.html?Intro=intro3 2009227 []

(18)^ abStigliz Recommendations. CNN. (2008917). https://edition.cnn.com/2008/POLITICS/09/17/stiglitz.crisis/index.html 2010524 

(19)^ Greenspan, Alan (20081218). Banks Need More Capital. Economist.com. http://www.economist.com/finance/displayStory.cfm?story_id=12813430 2009227 

(20)^ Ferguson, Niall (2009-02-02), Beyond the Age of Leverage: new banks must arise, http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/85106daa-f140-11dd-8790-0000779fd2ac.html?nclick_check=1 2010624 

(21)^  (2001-01-31), Subprime Lending, , http://www.fdic.gov/news/news/press/2001/pr0901a.html 2009624 

(22)^ Associated Press (2007-03-13), Will subprime mess ripple through economy?, msnbc.com, http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/17584725 2008713 

(23)^ Bernanke, Ben S. (2007-05-17), The Subprime Mortgage Market, , : , http://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/bernanke20070517a.htm 2008713 

(24)^ abPerry, Mark J. (2008-07-17), CARPE DIEM: The Rise and Fall of the Subprime Mortgage Market, mjperry.blogspot.com, http://mjperry.blogspot.com/2008/07/rise-and-fall-of-subprime-mortgage.html 2009227 

(25)^ abJCHS (2008), The State of The Nation's Housing 2008, Joint Center for Housing Studies of Harvard University 

(26)^ MBA (2007-06-12), Delinquencies and Foreclosures Increase in Latest MBA National Delinquency Survey, en:Mortgage Bankers Association, http://www.mbaa.org/NewsandMedia/PressCenter/58758.htm 2008713 

(27)^ Bernanke, Ben S. (2007-10-17), The Recent Financial Turmoil and its Economic and Policy Consequences, , , http://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/bernanke20071015a.htm 2008713 

(28)^ abBernanke, Ben S. (2008-01-10), Financial Markets, the Economic Outlook, and Monetary Policy, D.C., http://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/bernanke20080110a.htm 200865 

(29)^ Bernanke, Ben S. (2008-05-05), Mortgage Delinquencies and Foreclosures, Columbia Business School's 32nd Annual Dinner, New York, New York, http://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/Bernanke20080505a.htm 2008519 

(30)^ Board of Governors of the U.S. Federal Reserve System, Release Z.1, 9/18/08.  L.218, 21061122

(31)^ U.S. FORECLOSURE ACTIVITY INCREASES 75 PERCENT IN 2007. RealtyTrac. (2008129). http://www.realtytrac.com/ContentManagement/pressrelease.aspx?ChannelID=9&ItemID=3988&accnt=64847 200866 

(32)^ RealtyTrac Press Release 2008FY.  Realtytrac.com (2009115). 2009227

(33)^ Realty Trac-2009 Year End Report

(34)^ MBA (2008-09-05), Delinquencies and Foreclosures Increase in Latest MBA National Delinquency Survey, Mortgate Bankers Association, http://www.mbaa.org/NewsandMedia/PressCenter/64769.htm 2010710 

(35)^ MBA (2009-11-19), Delinquencies Continue to Climb in Latest MBA National Delinquency Survey, Mortgate Bankers Association, http://www.mbaa.org/NewsandMedia/PressCenter/71112.htm 2010710 

(36)^ Clifford, Catherine (2008-11-13), 85,000 homes lost in October, cnn.com, http://money.cnn.com/2008/11/13/real_estate/foreclosures_october/index.htm?postversion=2008111303 2009227 

(37)^ Vitullo-Martin, Julia (2009-02-21), Bronx Cheer - What New York's Poorest Borough Can Teach The Obama Administration, nypost.com, http://www.nypost.com/seven/02212009/postopinion/opedcolumnists/the_foreclosure_five_156287.htm 2009227 

(38)^ RealtyTrac (2009-01-15), Foreclosure Activity Increases 81 Percent In 2008, realtytrac.com, http://www.realtytrac.com/ContentManagement/pressrelease.aspx?ChannelID=9&ItemID=5681&accnt=64847 2009227 

(39)^ By Joseph Stiglitz Special to CNN (2008917). Time-Stiglitz. Cnn.com. https://edition.cnn.com/2008/POLITICS/09/17/stiglitz.crisis/index.html 2009227 

(40)^ Steverman, Ben (2008-10-18), Business Week-The Financial Crisis Blame Game, Businessweek.com, http://www.businessweek.com/investor/content/oct2008/pi20081017_950382.htm?chan=top+news_top+news+index+-+temp_top+story 2009227 

(41)^ Roubini, Nouriel, Roubini - More Doom Ahead, Foreignpolicy.com, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/story/cms.php?story_id=4591 2009227 

(42)^ abThe downturn in facts and figures;. BBC. (20071121). http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/7073131.stm 2009218 

(43)^ abcBrown, Bill (2008-11-19), Uncle Sam as sugar daddy; MarketWatch Commentary: The moral hazard problem must not be ignored, MarketWatch, http://www.marketwatch.com/news/story/story.aspx?guid={9F4C2252-8BA7-459C-B34E-407DB32921C1}&siteid=rss 20081130 

(44)^ G20 (2008-11), Declaration of G20, Whitehouse.gov, http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2008/11/20081115-1.html 2009227  .   (2010). 2010628

(45)^ Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission-Warren Buffett Testimony-June 2, 2010

(46)^ Volcker, Paul (2010-06-24), The Time We Have Is Growing Short, The New York Review of Books, http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2010/jun/24/time-we-have-growing-short/ 2010710 

(47)^ 

(48)^ Bush, Georg W. (2008-09-24), President Bushs Speech to the Nation on the Economic Crisis, The New York Times, http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/24/business/economy/24text-bush.html?_r=2&pagewanted=1&oref=slogin 2010524 

(49)^ CENSUS BUREAU REPORTS ON RESIDENTIAL VACANCIES AND HOMEOWNERSHIP. U.S. Census Bureau. (20071026). http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/housing/hvs/qtr307/q307press.pdf 

(50)^ CSI: credit crunch. (2008). http://www.economist.com/specialreports/displaystory.cfm?story_id=9972489 2008519 

(51)^ abSteverman, Ben; Bogoslaw, David (2008-10-18), The Financial Crisis Blame Game - BusinessWeek, Businessweek.com, http://www.businessweek.com/investor/content/oct2008/pi20081017_950382.htm?chan=top+news_top+news+index+-+temp_top+story 20081024 

(52)^ The End of the Affair. Economist. (20081030). http://www.economist.com/world/unitedstates/displaystory.cfm?story_id=12637090 2009227 

(53)^ Bureau of Economic Analysis - Personal Savings Chart.  Bea.gov (2009130). 2009227

(54)^ Z.1 Historical Tables (1974)  current Z.1 release (2008),  B.100,  31,48

(55)^ Zakaria, Fareed (2008-10-11), Zakaria: A More Disciplined America, Newsweek.com, http://www.newsweek.com/id/163449 20081024 

(56)^ Greenspan Kennedy Report - Table 2

(57)^ Equity extraction - Charts

(58)^ Reuters-Spending Boosted by Home Equity Loans

(59)^ Barr, Colin (2009-05-27), The $4 trillion housing headache, Fortune (CNNMoney.com), http://money.cnn.com/2009/05/27/news/mortgage.overhang.fortune/index.htm 2010628 

(60)^ Case Shiller Housing Price Index-Dec 08

(61)^ Feldstein, Martin (2008-11-18), How to Help People Whose Home Values Are Underwater, online.wsj.com, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB122697004441035727.html?KEYWORDS=martin+feldstein 2010710 

(62)^ S&P (2008-11-25), National Trend of Home Price Declines Continues Through the Third Quarter of 2008 According to the S&P/Case-Shiller Home Price Indices, Standard & Poor's, http://www2.standardandpoors.com/spf/pdf/index/CSHomePrice_Release_112555.pdf 2010710 

(63)^  A Helping Hand to Homeowners, Economist.com, (2008-10-23), http://www.economist.com/finance/displaystory.cfm?story_id=12470547 2009227 

(64)^ Andrews, Edmund L.; Uchitelle, Louis (2008-02-22), Rescues for Homeowners in Debt Weighed, The New York Times, http://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/22/business/22homes.html 2010524 

(65)^ Liebowitz, Stan (2009-07-03), New Evidence on the Foreclosure Crisis, , http://online.wsj.com/article/SB124657539489189043.html 2010628 

(66)^ Associated Press (2008-01-28), New home sales fell by record amount in 2007, msnbc.com, http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/22880294/ 2008519 

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参考文献[編集]

外部リンク[編集]