コンテンツにスキップ

搾取工場

出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』
ニューヨークのビルの一角にあった搾取工場。1889年頃

 :Sweatshop,sweat factory使[1]



FLA2006FLA18[2]2015 Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor201518[3]

[]

1920[]


[ 1]

1830-1850(sweater)(sweater)(sweat system)1850Cheap Clothes and Nasty使[4]300

18321850

1890 (National Anti-Sweating League) [5]19061909 (Trade Boards Act 1909) [ 2][7]

1910[8]

調 19
調(National Research Project,1937)

1911 (Lower East Side Tenement Museum) 

20[]


1994(sweatshop)1[9]

[][][ 3]

西2014 118[10][11][12]1[]

[]


H&M使2015SACOM[13][14]SACOM[15][ 4]2016Clean Clothes Campaign,CCCH&M[17]

2000[18] (United Students Against Sweatshops) D.C.32[19]

19902019961999(FLA)[20]20011[21]20051[20]

促進要因[編集]

ファストファッション[編集]


[22] 2015

[]


2012[23]2016[24]

[25][26]

[]


2016調[27]2004[28]

影響[編集]

児童労働[編集]


1(ILO)2013調[29] 2500017000Stop Child Labour[30]綿[ 5]

[]


2019[32]2013調150[33][33]

反対運動[編集]

歴史[編集]

19世紀から20世紀初頭[編集]


191794()1865()貿(1807)(1833)(1833)

貿使 (Involuntary servitude) [ 6]退[35]

18441833使186718911919(ILO) ()1938[36]

20[]


199724 ()[37][]

[38]GAP[38]使8040

2018107%[39]2013[ 7]!

20175Mama CashClean Clothes CampaignWomen Power Fashion[40]1100Mama CashClean Clothes Campaign

[]


(ILO)- 

[]


- (FTC)

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

No Sweat Shop Label and Homeworkers Code of Practice- 

Thai Labour Campaign- 

Transnationals Information Exchange- 

Women's Agenda for Change- 

[]


Clean Clothes Campaign- 

-

-1988

- 

Institute for Global Labour and Human Rights- 

International Labor Rights Fund

Maquila Solidarity Network- 

No Sweat- 

- 

United Students Against Sweatshops- 

Unite Here- 

Worker Rights Consortium- 

[]


(coercion-free)(fair-compensation)[41][42]2[41]使[41]10[43][44][45][46][47]

グローバリゼーションと搾取工場の影響に関する議論[編集]

批判側[編集]

抗議のデモ行進をする学生団体(United Students Against Sweatshops)

GAP(sweaters)[48]

National Labor Committee(:Institute for Global Labour and Human Rights)1990United Students Against SweatshopsInternational Labor Rights Fund[49]AFL-CIO[50]

T2003500.24T10.15151%[51]T0.150.50[52]505-7200612.20[53] 

貿[54][55][56][57][58]

[59][60][61]貿[62][63][64]19821945-1980IMF調[65]

21.44-24.6026.87GM301(453g)GM5[66]

貿貿[67]貿

[68] 

36,500[69]

西西[57]西[70]

19112013

20131100[71]

[]


1997[72]貿貿()[?]GDP

[72][73]

調1990 (Child Labor Deterrence Act) 51997[74]1997 [75]

[76]

貿貿

2005113.1044%12[]2[77]19903[78]

1996調[79]

Gale Opposing Viewpoints in Context[ 8]退1970(OSHA)[]

[80]200111BBC210貿[81] 

[82][83][84]

68[85]JC[86][87]28016000[85]

脚注[編集]

注釈[編集]



(一)^ 便

(二)^ [6]

(三)^ 

(四)^  調SACOM[16]

(五)^ 綿60-150cm[31]綿

(六)^ Involuntary servitude13使13使[34]

(七)^ 11355

(八)^ (Opposing Viewpoints)Gale

出典[編集]



(一)^   No.45200510

(二)^ 2006 Annual Public Report.  fairlabor.org. 2017828 18

(三)^ 2015 Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor.  dol.gov. 2017828

(四)^ Blackburn, S. (1991) Ideology and social policy. The Historical Journals.

(五)^ Brownfoot, Janice N.. Goldstein, Vida Jane (1869-1949). Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/goldstein-vida-jane-6418 

(六)^ ()

(七)^ Sheila Blackburn (1991) The Historical Journal 34(1) 43-64 "Ideology and Social Policy: The Origins of the Trade Boards Act"

(八)^ ILGWU. About.com Education. 2016517

(九)^ Garment Industry : Efforts to Address the Prevalence and Conditions of Sweatshops.  Gao.gov. 2015331

(十)^ Apple 'failing to protect Chinese factory workers' (). https://www.bbc.com/news/business-30532463 2016310 

(11)^ Junya SuzukiBBCApple20141222

(12)^ Leading Article: The Gruesome Reality of Sweatshops. Independent.co.uk. (2010101). https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/editorials/leading-article-the-gruesome-reality-of-sweatshops-2094318.html 201342 

(13)^ ""2015116

(14)^ The Fashion Law (2015). Surprise: Uniqlo makes their clothes in sweatshops. Retrieved September 22, 2017 from The Fashion Law, Website: http://www.thefashionlaw.com/home/ surprise-uniqlo-makes-their-clothes-insweatshops.

(15)^  NGO2015117

(16)^ 2015111

(17)^ Clean Clothes Campaign (2016). Three years after signing Bangladesh accord, H&M factories still not safe. Retrieved September 22, 2017 from Clean Clothes Campaign, Web site: https:// cleanclothes.org/news/2016/05/02/three-years-after-signing-bangladesh-accord-hm- factories-still-not-safe.

(18)^ Osborn, A. (2000). Adidas attacked for Asian sweatshops. Retrieved September 22, 2017 from the guardian, website: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2000/nov/23/andrewosborn.

(19)^ Bain, M. (2017). Nike is facing a new wave of anti-sweatshop protests. Retrieved September 22, 2017 from the Quartz, web site: https://qz.com/1042298/nike-is-facing-a-new-wave-ofanti-sweatshop-protests/.

(20)^ abNisen, M. (2013) At Nike, workers quote the companys maxims like the ten commandments. Business Insider, Retrieved from http://www.businessinsider.com/nikes-corporate-culture-2013-2

(21)^ Project Just (2016). Brand : Nike. Retrieved from https://projectjust.com/brand_nike/

(22)^ Ross, R. J. S. (2015). The high toll of fast fashion. Dissent. Retrieved September 20, 2017 from Dissent, web site :https://www.dissentmagazine.org/blog/the-true-cost-review-fastfashion-rana-plaza-accord[].

(23)^ Zamen, I. (2012)."Corruption and the fate of the people who make your clothes"Transparency International.Retrieved September 20 from [http:// blog.transparency.org/2012/12/07/corruption-and-the-fate-of-the-people-who-makeyour-clothes/]

(24)^ Transparency International (2017). Corruption perception index 2016. Retrieved September 20, 2017 from https://www.transparency.org/news/feature/corruption_perceptions_index_2016.

(25)^ https://www.business-humanrights.org/en/how-did-new-york-university-uphold-workers-rights-during-construction-of-abu-dhabi-satellite-campus

(26)^ https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2015/feb/10/migrants-united-arab-emirates-human-rights-watch

(27)^ UNESCO Insititute of Statistics, (2016) Population by minimum completed level of education.

(28)^ Harrison, A. & Scorse, J. (2004) The Nike effect: Anti-sweatshop activists and labor market outcomes in Indonesia. Economics department of Yale University.

(29)^ International Labor Office (2013). Making progress against child labour. Retrieved from http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_norm/---ipec/documents/publication/wcms_221513.pdf.

(30)^ Moulds, J. (2013) Child labor in the fashion supply chain. theguardian. Retrieved from https://labs.theguardian.com/unicef-child-labour/.

(31)^ 綿NHK2020930

(32)^ AFP201929

(33)^ abStanko, N. (2013). Sweatshops. Greeniacs Nation. Retrieved from Archived copy. 201711720171031.

(34)^ JAPAN 2020930

(35)^ Miers, Suzanne (2003). Slavery in the Twentieth Century: The Evolution of a Global Problem. Alta Mira Press, Walnut Creek, California 

(36)^ Fair Labor Standards Act -FLSA - 29 U.S. Code Chapter 8. finduslaw.com. 20085162020104

(37)^ Village Life News: Ban on Sweatshop Products Becomes Rule. www.villagelife.org. 2018611

(38)^ abAnti-Sweatshop Movement Is Achieving Gains Overseas | International Labor Rights Forum. www.laborrights.org. 2016517

(39)^ CBNEditor. (May 26, 2018). 10 Chinese Provinces Raise Minimum Wages Levels in 2018. Retrieved September 21, 2018, from China Banking News: http://www.chinabankingnews.com/2018/05/26/10-chinese-provinces-raise-minimum-wages-level-since-start-2018/

(40)^ Hendriksz, V. (May 17, 2017). Pop-up Sweatshop urges the Fashion Industry to be more Transparent. Retrieved September 22, 2018, from Fashion United: https://fashionunited.uk/news/fashion/pop-up-sweatshop-urges-the-fashion-industry-to-be-more-transparent/2017051724550

(41)^ abcSweatshop-free. That's American Apparel.. 20126102013515

(42)^ American Apparel - Fashionable Basics. Sweatshop Free. Made in USA.. Americanapparel.net. 2014232015331

(43)^ Sweatshop Free Shopping Guide. sweatfreeshop.com. 2020104

(44)^ SweatFree Communities: Shop with a Conscience Consumer Guide. Sweatfree.org. 2015331

(45)^ Living Green: Sweatshop-Free Clothing.  Greenamerica.org. 2015331

(46)^ Are your clothes made in sweatshops?. Oxfam Australia. 2015331

(47)^ Sweatshop-Free : TreeHugger. Treehugger.com. 2015331

(48)^ Fair Workplace Council Sweatshop Free Electronics - The Race to the Bottom.  Fairworkplace.org (2007425). 20111113

(49)^ Jane Doe et all v. Wal-Mart Stores Archived December 14, 2006, at the Wayback Machine., International Labor Rights Fund. Retrieved December 30, 2006.

(50)^ | Stop Sweatshops.  Aflcio.org (2007625). 2011101620111113

(51)^ Sean John Setisa Report.  National Labor Committee (200310). 20075222007531

(52)^ Honduras.  International Monetary Fund. 2008109

(53)^ MAS Holdings: Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility in the Apparel Industry.  INSEAD. 201571

(54)^ Economic Growth in East Asia High Savings and Investment.  Galbithink.org. 20111113

(55)^ Investment in East Asia since the Asian financial crisis. by Elisha Houston, Julia Minty and Nathan Dal Bon.  Treasury.gov.au (200749). 201192720111113

(56)^ East Asian economy growing. BBC News. (200062). http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/774876.stm 2010126 

(57)^ abRoberts, Dexter; Engardio, Pete (2006116). Secrets, Lies, And Sweatshops. Bloomberg Businessweek. http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/06_48/b4011001.htm 2010126 

(58)^ Nike to the rescue - Africa needs better jobs, not sweatshops. - Dollars and Sense.  Goliath.ecnext.com (200691). 20111113

(59)^ Green America's Ending Sweatshops Program.  Coopamerica.org. 20111113

(60)^ Sweatshops FAQ.  Globalexchange.org. 201183020111113

(61)^ Trying to Live on 25 Cents an Hour.  Nlcnet.org. 20129420111113

(62)^ Kwong, Peter and Joann Lum. "How the Other Half Lives Now." The Nation. June 18, 1988, Vol. 246: 858-60.

(63)^ Dreier, Peter (2007127). NPR Debate Moderators All Wet on Sweatshop Labor by Peter Dreier.  Commondreams.org. 20111113

(64)^ [1] Archived May 21, 2009, at the Wayback Machine.

(65)^ Toussaint, Eric (2005). Your Money Or Your Life. ISBN 9781931859189. https://books.google.com/?id=or5NcgF3Ac0C&dq=Eric+Toussaint,+your+money+your+life&printsec=frontcover#PPA12,M1 

(66)^ Historical Development of the Sweatshop ? Todd Pugatch; INTS 92: The Nike Seminar. April 30, 1998.  Unc.edu. 20111113

(67)^ Protection and International Trade by Mike Curtis. Arden, Delaware, July 13, 1999.  Henrygeorge.org (1999713). 20111113

(68)^ Child workers' wages withheld for up to a year.  China-labour.org.hk (200779). 201272220111113

(69)^ Marquand, Robert (2004123). China's peasants opt for urban grindstone. Christian Science Monitor. http://www.csmonitor.com/2004/0123/p08s01-woap.html 2010126 

(70)^ Viederman, Daniel (20076). Overseas Sweatshops Are a U.S. Responsibility. Bloomberg Businessweek. http://www.businessweek.com/debateroom/archives/2007/06/overseas_sweats.html 2010126 

(71)^ Scott Eric Kaufmann (July 6, 2015). No one is making them stop: Why corporations outsource catastrophe ? and workers pay the price. Salon. Retrieved July 6, 2015.

(72)^ abMeyerson, Allen (1997622). In Principle, A Case for More 'Sweatshops'. The New York Times. https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B05E6D8103EF931A15755C0A961958260 200844 

(73)^ Kristof, Nicholas (2004114). Inviting All Democrats. The New York Times. 2012526. https://archive.is/20120526094048/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=940DE0DD1330F937A25752C0A9629C8B63 200844 

(74)^ Bellamy, Carol (1997). "An Agreement in Bangladesh". The State of the World's Children 1997. United Nations Children's Fund. pp. 66. ISBN 0-19-262871-2. 2007531

(75)^ Manjoo, Farhad. In Praise of Cheap Labor ? Slate Magazine.  Slate.com. 20111113

(76)^ Gillespie, Nick (200312). Poor Man's Hero. Reason magazine.  Reason Foundation. 2014420

(77)^ Powell, Benjamin; Skarbek, David (200582). Don't get into a lather over sweatshops. Christian Science Monitor. http://www.csmonitor.com/2005/0802/p09s02-coop.html 2010126 

(78)^ Third World Workers Need Western Jobs.  Foxnews.com (200456). 20138162015331

(79)^ U.S. Department of Labor, The Apparel Industry and Codes of Conduct: A Solution to the International Child Labor Problem?, February 2, 2014, https://web.archive.org/web/20140202211838/http://www.dol.gov/ilab/media/reports/iclp/apparel/overview.htm 

(80)^ Shah, Anup. Corporations and Workers Rights.  Global Issues. 201359

(81)^ Bangladesh wants textiles curbs lifted. BBC News. (20011112). http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/1650952.stm 2010126 

(82)^ The Quaker Economist No. 87 - The Product Cycle and Globalization.  Tqe.quaker.org (2003111). 20154142015331

(83)^ The Case for Sweatshops. Hoover Institution.  Stanford University (200027). 20101252020104

(84)^ Brown, Drusilla K. (2011819). Labor Standards and Human Rights: Implications for International Trade and Investment.  International Policy Center, University of Michigan. 20135282015331

(85)^ abThe Guardian. (July 18, 2016). Rana Plaza collapse: 38 charged with murder over garment factory disaster. Retrieved September 20, 2018, from The Guardian: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jul/18/rana-plaza-collapse-murder-charges-garment-factory

(86)^ O'Connor, C. (April 26, 2014). These Retailers Involved In Bangladesh Factory Disaster Have Yet To Compensate Victims. Retrieved September 20, 2018, from Forbes: https://www.forbes.com/sites/clareoconnor/2014/04/26/these-retailers-involved-inbangladesh-factory-disaster-have-yet-to-compensate-victims/#622c995d211b

(87)^ William Gomes. (May 9, 2013). Reason and responsibility: the Rana Plaza collapse. Retrieved September 20, 2018, from OpenDemocracy.com: https://www.opendemocracy.net/opensecurity/william-gomes/reason-and-responsibilityrana-plaza-collapse[]

関連項目[編集]

外部リンク[編集]