Contents

Saanich dialect

Language of the Saanich people of North America

Saanich
SENĆOŦEN, Sənčáθən
Pronunciation	[sənˈt͡ʃɑs̪ən]
Native to	Canada, United States
Region	British Columbia, Washington
Native speakers	ca. 5 (2014)[1]
Language family	Salishan Coast Central Salishan North Straits Saanich
Writing system	SENĆOŦEN Sometimes NAPA
Official status
Official language in	Pauquachin Tsawout Tsartlip Tseycum
Language codes
ISO 639-3	(covered in [str] Straits Salish)
Glottolog	saan1246
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Saanich (also Sənčáθən, written as SENĆOŦEN in Saanich orthography and pronounced [sənˈt͡ʃɑs̪ən]) is the language of the First Nations Saanich people in the Pacific Northwest region of northwestern North America. Saanich is a Coast Salishan language in the Northern Straits dialect continuum, the varieties of which are closely related to the Klallam language.

"The W̱SÁNEĆ School Board, together with the FirstVoices program for revitalizing Aboriginal languages, is working to teach a new generation to speak SENĆOŦEN" at the ȽÁU,WELṈEW̱ Tribal School.^[5][6]

A Saanich texting app was released in 2012.^[7] A SENĆOŦEN iPhone app was released in October 2011.^[8] An online dictionary, phrasebook, and language learning portal is available at the First Voices SENĆOŦEN Community Portal.^[9]

Saanich has no rounded vowels in native vocabulary. As in many languages, vowels are strongly affected by post-velar consonants.

The following table includes all the sounds found in the North Straits dialects. No one dialect includes them all. Plosives are not aspirated, but are not voiced either. Ejectives have weak glottalization.

The dentals are often written ⟨θ⟩, ⟨tθʼ⟩, but this is inaccurate, as they are laminal sibilants, [s̻, ts̻], and are only rarely interdental. The alveolars /s, ts, tsʼ/, on the other hand, are apical, as are all alveolars, including the laterals. The post-velars are often written ⟨q⟩, ⟨χ⟩, etc., but are not actually uvular.

Saanich stress is phonemic. Each full word has one stressed syllable, either in the root or in a suffix, the position of which is lexically determined. "Secondary stress" is sometimes described, but this is merely a way of distinguishing lexical schwas (with "secondary stress", like all other vowels in a word) from epenthetic schwas ("unstressed").

The Saanich orthography was created by Dave Elliott in 1978, by using a typewriter to combine Latin characters with other marks to create new characters.^[10] It is a unicase alphabet, using only uppercase letters with the single exception of a lower-case s for the third person possessive suffix.^[11]

The glottal stop /ʔ/ is not always indicated, but may be written with a spacing cedilla: ¸, or less formally with a comma: ,. When distinguished, the glottalized resonants are ⟨L¸ M¸ N¸ Ṉ¸ U¸ Y¸⟩.

The vowel /e/ is usually written Á, unless it occurs next to a post-velar consonant (/k̠ k̠ʷ k̠ʼ k̠ʷʼ x̠ x̠ʷ ŋ̠ ŋ̠ʷ/), where it is written A.

Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights:

In Saanich, metathesis is used as a grammatical device to indicate "actual" aspect. The actual aspect is most often translated into English as a be …-ing progressive. The actual aspect is derived from the "nonactual" verb form by a CV → VC metathesis process (i.e. consonant metathesizes with vowel).

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (May 2008)

• Bill, Adriane; Cayou, Roxanne; & Jim, Jacquelin. (2003). NEȾE NEḰȺ SḴELÁLṈEW̲ [One Green Tree]. Victoria, B.C.: First Peoples' Cultural Foundation & ȽÁU,WELṈEW̲ Tribal School. ISBN 1-4120-0626-0.
• Mithun, Marianne. (1999). The Languages of Native North America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-23228-7 (hbk); ISBN 0-521-29875-X.
• Montler, Timothy. (1986). An Outline of the Morphology and Phonology of Saanich, North Straits Salish. Occasional Papers in Linguistics (No. 4). Missoula, MT: University of Montana Linguistics Laboratory. (Web version of the author's PhD dissertation, University of Hawaii).
• Montler, Timothy. (1996). Languages and Dialects in Straits Salishan. Proceedings of the International Conference on Salish and Neighboring Languages, 31, 249–256.
• Montler, Timothy. (1999). Language and Dialect Variation in Straits Salishan. Anthropological Linguistics, 41 (4), 462–502.
• Montler, Timothy. (2018). SENĆOŦEN: A Dictionary of the Saanich Language. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
• Thompson, Laurence; Thompson, M. Terry; & Efrat, Barbara. (1974). Some Phonological Developments in Straits Salish. International Journal of American Linguistics, 40, 182–196.
• YELḰÁTȾE [Claxton, Earl, Sr.]; & STOLȻEȽ [Elliot, John, Sr.]. (1994). Reef Net Technology of the Saltwater People. Brentwood Bay, B.C.: Saanich Indian School Board.

• Timothy Montler's site
  • An Outline of the Morphology and Phonology of Saanich, North Straits Salish (1986)
  • Phonology
  • Morphology
  • Sample text
  • How to pronounce SENĆOŦEN
  • Saanich Classified Word List (1991)
• https://www.smg.surrey.ac.uk/saanich-verbs/
• Saanich Indian School Board
• SENĆOŦEN (Saanich, Northern Straits Salish) (Chris Harvey's Native Language, Font & Keyboard)
• SENĆOŦEN Welcome page (First Voices)
• W̱SÁNEĆ History & Territory with map.