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: Scots Enlichtenment: Soillseachadh na h-Alba1819

18parish school[1][2]     [3]

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1707  [4][5]

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1707536貿[6][7]16951727貿[8] [9]

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1496 [10]17 [11]175 [11]  164117221681 [12]18[13][14]

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17291746 (16941746) [15][16] (171176) (1738) (1741) [15][17] (171096) (171996) (17351803)  [18]

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 (174095) An Account of Corsica(1768) The Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides(1785) Life of Samuel Johnson(1791) [19] (17181800)[20] (173696)[21] (175996)[22] 

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1776[23][24]3貿[25]

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[26][27]

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[28][29] (16981746) 19[15] (17661832) [30]

 (171090) (17391808)  (172899) [31] [32] (172697) Theory of the Earth(1795) [33][34][35][36]

[37]

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181768177132,659160 1898 [38]

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18[26]           [3] 19 [39][40][41] 19 [42]

主な人物[編集]

  • William Adam (1689–1748) architect
  • John Adam (1721–1792) architect
  • ロバート・アダム (1728–1792) architect and artist
  • James Adam (1732–1794) architect and designer
  • Archibald Alison (1757–1839) essayist
  • David Allan (1744–1796) painter and illustrator
  • James Anderson (1662–1728) lawyer, antiquary and historian
  • James Anderson (1739–1808) agronomist, lawyer
  • John Arbuthnot (1667–1735) physician, satirist and polymath
  • John Armstrong (1709–1779) physician, poet and satirist
  • James Beattie (1735–1803) philosopher and poet
  • アンドリュー・ベル(1753–1832) priest and educationalist
  • チャールズ・ベル (1774–1842) surgeon, physiologist and neurologist
  • Henry Bell (1767–1830) engineer
  • John Bell of Antermony (1691–1780) doctor and traveller
  • ジョセフ・ブラック (1728–1799) physicist and chemist, first to isolate carbon dioxide
  • Thomas Blackwell (1701–1757) classical scholar and historian
  • William Blackwood (1776–1834) publisher, founder of Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine
  • Hugh Blair (1718–1800) minister, author
  • James Boswell (1740–1795) lawyer, author of Life of Johnson
  • John Broadwood (1732–1812) piano manufacturer
  • Henry Peter Brougham, 1st Baron Brougham and Vaux (1778–1868) Englishman born, educated and active in Edinburgh, advocate, journalist and statesman
  • Robert Brown (1773–1858) botanist
  • Thomas Brown (1778–1820) philosopher
  • James Bruce of Kinnaird (1730–1794) African explorer
  • Patrick Brydone (1736–1818) traveller and author
  • David Steuart Erskine, 11th Earl of Buchan (1742–1829) founder of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland
  • ロバート・バーンズ[43] (1759–1796) poet
  • ジョン・ステュアート (第3代ビュート伯) (1713–1792) politician, botanist, literary and artistic patron, first President of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland
  • チャールズ・キャメロン (1746–1812) architect, active in Russia
  • George Campbell (1719–1796) philosopher
  • Thomas Campbell (1777–1844) poet
  • Alexander Carlyle (1722–1805) church leader and autobiographer
  • Thomas Carlyle (1795–1881) historian and philosopher
  • Thomas Chalmers (1780–1847) minister and political economist
  • John Cleland (1709–1789) writer, author of Fanny Hill
  • Sir John Clerk of Penicuik, 2nd Baronet (1676–1755) politician, lawyer, judge and antiquary
  • Sir John Clerk of Eldin (1728–1812) artist, navalist
  • John Clerk, Lord Eldin (1757–1832) advocate, judge and collector
  • Archibald David Constable (1774–1827) publisher
  • James Craig (1739–1795) architect, designer of the Edinburgh New Town
  • William Cullen (1710–1790) physician, chemist, medical researcher
  • David Dale (1739–1806) industrialist, merchant and philanthropist
  • Alexander Dalrymple (1737–1808) geographer
  • Sir Robert Douglas of Glenbervie, 6th Baronet (1694 – 1770) genealogist
  • George Drummond (1688–1766) accountant-general and politician, Lord Provost of Edinburgh
  • James Elphinston (1721–1809) educator and linguist
  • Robert Erskine (doctor) (1677–1718) doctor, reformer of Russian medicine, compiled first herbal in Russia and discovered mineral waters
  • Henry Erskine (1746–1817) advocate and politician
  • Henry Farquharson (c.1675–1739) mathematician, active in Russia
  • Adam Ferguson (1723–1816) considered the founder of sociology
  • James Ferguson (1710–1776) astronomer and instrument maker
  • Robert Fergusson (1750–1774) poet
  • Andrew Fletcher of Saltoun (1653–1716) forerunner of the Scottish Enlightenment,[44] writer, patriot, commissioner of Parliament of Scotland
  • George Fordyce (1736–1802) physician and chemist
  • John Galt (1779–1839) novelist
  • Alexander Gerard (1728–1795) minister, academic and philosophical writer
  • James Gillray (1756–1815) caricaturist and printmaker
  • Walter Goodall (1706?–1766) historical writer
  • Alexander Gordon of Auchintoul (1669/70–1752) general and memoirist
  • Alexander Gordon (1692?–1755) antiquary and singer
  • Thomas Gordon (writer) (c.1691–1750) writer and translator from Latin
  • Thomas Gordon (1714–1797) philosopher, mathematician and antiquarian
  • John Gregory (1724–1773) physician, medical writer and moralist
  • John Grieve (1753–1805) physician
  • Matthew Guthrie (1743–1807) physician, mineralogist and traveller
  • Sir David Dalrymple, Lord Hailes (1726–1792) advocate, judge and historian
  • Sir James Hall, 4th Baronet (1761–1832) geologist, geophysicist
  • Alexander Hamilton (1739–1802) physician
  • Gavin Hamilton (1723–1798) painter and archaeologist
  • Sir William Hamilton (1730–1803) diplomat, antiquarian, archaeologist and vulcanologist
  • Matthew Hardie (1755–1826) violin maker, called the 'Scottish Stradivari'
  • James Hogg (1770–1835) writer, author of The Private Memoirs and Confessions of a Justified Sinner
  • Francis Home (1719–1813) physician
  • John Home (1722–1808) minister and writer, author of Douglas
  • John Hope (1725–1786) physician and botanist
  • John Hunter (1728–1793) surgeon
  • William Hunter (1718–1783) anatomist, physician
  • David Hume (1711–1776) philosopher, historian and essayist
  • Francis Hutcheson (1694–1746) philosopher
  • James Hutton[34] (1726–1797) founder of modern geology
  • John Jamieson (1759–1838) minister, philologist and antiquary
  • Robert Jameson (1774–1854) Scottish naturalist and mineralogist
  • Francis Jeffrey, Lord Jeffrey (1773–1850) advocate, journalist and literary critic, founder of the Edinburgh Review
  • Henry Home, Lord Kames (1696–1782) philosopher, judge, historian and agricultural improver
  • John Kay (1742–1826) caricaturist and engraver
  • James Keir (1735 – 1820) chemist, geologist, industrialist and inventor
  • Thomas Alexander Erskine, 6th Earl of Kellie (1732–1781) composer and virtuoso violinist
  • John Law of Lauriston (1671–1729) economist, banker, active in France
  • Sir John Leslie (1766–1832) mathematician, physicist
  • Charles Lyell (botanist) (1767–1849) botanist and translator of Dante
  • John Loudon MacAdam (1756–1836) engineer and road-builder
  • Zachary Macaulay (1768–1838) statistician, abolitionist
  • Colin Macfarquhar (1745?–1793) printer, co-founder of the Encyclopædia Britannica
  • Sir Alexander Mackenzie (1764–1820) explorer of North America
  • Henry Mackenzie (1745–1831) lawyer and writer
  • Charles Mackie (1688–1770) first Professor of History at Edinburgh University and in the British Isles
  • Sir James Mackintosh (1765–1832) jurist, politician and historian
  • Charles Macintosh (1766–1843) chemist, inventor of waterproof fabrics
  • Colin Maclaurin (1698–1746) mathematician
  • James Macpherson (1736–1796) writer, author of Ossian
  • David Mallet (Malloch) (c.1705–1765) writer
  • Francis Masson (1741–1805) botanist
  • William Murray, 1st Earl of Mansfield (1705–1793) jurist, judge and politician
  • Henry Dundas, 1st Viscount Melville (1742–1811) advocate and statesman
  • Andrew Meikle (1719–1811) engineer and inventor
  • Adam Menelaws (1749/56–1831) architect, active in Russia
  • James Mill (1773–1836) philosopher
  • Andrew Millar (1705–1768) publisher
  • John Millar (1735–1801) philosopher, historian
  • James Burnett, Lord Monboddo (1714–1799) judge, founder of modern comparative historical linguistics
  • Alexander Monro I (1697–1767) physician, founder of Edinburgh Medical School
  • Alexander Monro II of Craiglockhart and Cockburn (1733–1817) anatomist, physician
  • John Monro of Auchinbowie (1725–1789) advocate
  • Jacob More (1740–1793) painter
  • James Douglas, 14th Earl of Morton (1702–1768) astronomer, patron of science, President of the Philosophical Society of Edinburgh and of the Royal Society
  • James Mounsey (1709/10–1773) physician and naturalist
  • Thomas Muir of Huntershill (1765–1799) political reformer
  • William Murdoch (1754–1839) engineer and inventor
  • John Murray (1778–1843) publisher
  • Carolina Nairne Lady Nairne, née Oliphant (1766–1845) writer and song collector
  • William Napier (c.1741–1812) musician and music publisher
  • Alexander Nisbet (1657-1725) lawyer, antiquarian and heraldist
  • William Ogilvie of Pittensear (1736–1819) classicist, numismatist and land reformer
  • James Oswald (1710–1769) composer, cellist and music publisher
  • Mungo Park (1771–1806) explorer of West Africa
  • Thomas Pennant Welsh naturalist, traveller, writer and antiquarian (1726–1798), whose travel writings and collected pictorial representations of Scotland inspired the 'petit' grand tour fueling philosophical and artistic re-interpretation of landscape appreciation in Scotland.
  • John Pinkerton (1758–1826) antiquarian, cartographer and historian
  • Archibald Pitcairne (1652–1713) physician and bibliophile
  • John Playfair (1748–1819) mathematician, geologist
  • James Playfair (1755–1794) architect
  • William Playfair (1759–1823) engineer, political economist, founder of graphical methods of statistics
  • Jane Porter (1776–1850) historical novelist
  • Sir Robert Ker Porter (1777–1842) artist, author, diplomat and traveller
  • Sir John Pringle, 1st Baronet (1707–1782) physician
  • Allan Ramsay[45] (1686–1758) poet
  • Allan Ramsay (1713–1784) portrait painter
  • Henry Raeburn[26] (1756–1823) portrait painter
  • Thomas Reid (1710–1796) philosopher, founder of the Scottish School of Common Sense
  • John Rennie (1761–1821) civil engineer
  • William Richardson (1743–1814) author and literary scholar
  • William Robertson (1721–1793) historian, minister and Principal of the University of Edinburgh
  • John Robison (1739–1805) physicist, mathematician and philosopher, first General Secretary of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
  • Sir John Ross (1777–1856) Arctic explorer
  • William Roxburgh (1751–1815) surgeon and botanist, founding father of Indian botany
  • Thomas Ruddiman (1674–1757) classical scholar
  • Daniel Rutherford (1749–1819) physician, chemist and botanist
  • Paul Sandby (1731–1809) English Topographical and landscape painter, among the first to depict Scotland as a place of landscape appreciation in its natural state, influencing Robert Adam and John Clerk of Eldin.
  • Sir Walter Scott (1771–1832) novelist, poet
  • Sir John Sinclair of Ulbster (1754–1835) writer, statistician
  • William Skirving (c.1745–1796) political reformer
  • William Smellie (1740–1795) editor of the first edition of Encyclopædia Britannica
  • Adam Smith (1723–1790) philosopher and political economist
  • Sydney Smith (1771–1845) English writer, co-founder of Edinburgh Review
  • Tobias Smollett (1721–1771) writer
  • Mary Somerville (1780–1872) science writer, astronomer, polymath
  • Dugald Stewart (1753–1828) philosopher
  • James Stirling (1692–1770) mathematician
  • Sir Robert Strange (1721–1792) engraver
  • Gilbert Stuart (1742–1786) journalist and historian
  • William Symington (1764–1831) engineer, inventor, builder of the first practical steamboat
  • Robert Tannahill (1774–1810) poet
  • James Tassie (1735–1799) gem engraver and modeller
  • Thomas Telford (1757–1834) civil engineer and architect
  • James Thomson (1700–1748) poet, author of The Seasons
  • George Thomson (1757–1851) collector and publisher of the music of Scotland
  • George Turnbull (1698–1748) theologian, philosopher and writer on education
  • William Tytler (1711–1792) lawyer and historian
  • Alexander Fraser Tytler, Lord Woodhouselee (1747–1813) advocate, judge, writer and historian
  • David Ure (1750–1798) Reverend, Natural History and History, 1st Statistical Account. First to represent entrochi for Scotland and appreciate Scottish natural history in any detail in History of Rutherglen & East Kilbride, 1793.
  • Richard Waitt (died 1732) painter
  • John Walker (naturalist) (1731–1803) minister and natural historian
  • James Watt (1736–1819) inventor of a more efficient, practical steam engine
  • James Wilson (1742–1798) a Founding Father of the United States, signer of US Declaration of Independence
  • John Witherspoon (1723–1794) a Founding Father of the United States, signer of US Declaration of Independence

参照資料[編集]



(一)^ Eddy, Matthew Daniel (2012). 'Natural History, Natural Philosophy and Readership', in Stephen Brown and Warren McDougall (eds.), The Edinburgh History of the Book in Scotland, Vol. II: Enlightenment and Expansion, 17071800. Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh. pp. 297309. https://www.academia.edu/3770441/Natural_History_Natural_Philosophy_and_Readership_in_Stephen_Brown_and_Warren_McDougall_eds._The_Edinburgh_History_of_the_Book_in_Scotland_Vol._II_Enlightenment_and_Expansion_1707-1800_Edinburgh_University_of_Edinburgh_Press_2012_297-309 

(二)^ Mark R. M. Towsey (2010). Reading the Scottish Enlightenment: Books and Their Readers in Provincial Scotland, 17501820.

(三)^ abE. Wills, Scottish Firsts: a Celebration of Innovation and Achievement (Edinburgh: Mainstream, 2002), ISBN 1-84018-611-9.

(四)^ Alexander Broadie, The Scottish Enlightenment (1997) p. 10.

(五)^ Michael Lynch, ed., Oxford Companion to Scottish History (2001) pp. 13337.

(六)^ J. D. Mackie, B. Lenman and G. Parker, A History of Scotland (London: Penguin, 1991), ISBN 0140136495, p. 292.

(七)^ J. D. Mackie, B. Lenman and G. Parker, A History of Scotland (London: Penguin, 1991), ISBN 0140136495, p. 296.

(八)^ J. D. Mackie, B. Lenman and G. Parker, A History of Scotland (London: Penguin, 1991), ISBN 0140136495, p. 297.

(九)^ R. H. Campbell, "The Anglo-Scottish Union of 1707. II: The Economic Consequences", Economic History Review, vol. 16, April 1964.

(十)^ P. J. Bawcutt and J. H. Williams, A Companion to Medieval Scottish Poetry (Woodbridge: Brewer, 2006), ISBN 1-84384-096-0, pp. 2930.

(11)^ abR. Anderson, "The history of Scottish Education pre-1980", in T. G. K. Bryce and W. M. Humes, eds, Scottish Education: Post-Devolution (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2nd edn., 2003), ISBN 0-7486-1625-X, pp. 21928.

(12)^ T. M. Devine. "The rise and fall of the Scottish Enlightenment", in T. M. Devine and J. Wormald, The Oxford Handbook of Modern Scottish History (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012), ISBN 0-19-162433-0, p. 373.

(13)^ Eddy, M D. Useful Pictures: Joseph Black and the Graphic Culture of Experimentation. in Robert G. W. Anderson (Ed.), Cradle of Chemistry: The Early Years of Chemistry at the University of Edinburgh (Edinburgh: John Donald, 2015): 99118. https://www.academia.edu/6346321/Useful_Pictures_Joseph_Black_and_the_Graphic_Culture_of_Experimentation_in_Robert_G._W._Anderson_Ed._Cradle_of_Chemistry_The_Early_Years_of_Chemistry_at_the_University_of_Edinburgh_Edinburgh_John_Donald_2015_99-118. 

(14)^ Eddy, Matthew Daniel (2008). The Language of Mineralogy: John Walker, Chemistry and the Edinburgh Medical School, 17501800. Ashgate. https://www.academia.edu/1112014/The_Language_of_Mineralogy_John_Walker_Chemistry_and_the_Edinburgh_Medical_School_1750-1800_2008_ 201459 

(15)^ abcR. Mitchison, Lordship to Patronage, Scotland 16031745 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1983), ISBN 074860233X, p. 150.

(16)^ A. Broadie, A History of Scottish Philosophy (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2009), ISBN 0748616276, p. 120.

(17)^ B. Freydberg, David Hume: Platonic Philosopher, Continental Ancestor (Suny Press, 2012), ISBN 1438442157, p. 105.

(18)^ R. Emerson, "The contexts of the Scottish Enlightenment" in A. Broadie, ed., The Cambridge Companion to the Scottish Enlightenment (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003), ISBN 978-0-521-00323-0, p. 21.

(19)^ E. J. Wilson and P. H. Reill, Encyclopedia Of The Enlightenment (Infobase, 2nd edn., 2004), ISBN 0816053359, p. 68.

(20)^ Eddy, Matthew Daniel (2011). The Line of Reason: Hugh Blair, Spatiality and the Progressive Structure of Languag. Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London 65: 9-24. https://www.academia.edu/1112084/_The_Line_of_Reason_Hugh_Blair_Spatiality_and_the_Progressive_Structure_of_Language_Notes_and_Records_of_the_Royal_Society_65_2011_9-24. 

(21)^ G. A. Kennedy, Classical Rhetoric and Its Christian and Secular Tradition Form Ancient to Modern Times (University of North Carolina Press, 1999), ISBN 0807861138, p. 282.

(22)^ Robert Burns: "Literary Style Archived 2013-10-16 at the Wayback Machine.". Retrieved on 24 September 2010.

(23)^ Samuelson, Paul (1976). Economics. McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-054590-1 

(24)^ Fry, Michael (1992). Adam Smith's Legacy: His Place in the Development of Modern Economics. Paul Samuelson, Lawrence Klein, Franco Modigliani, James M. Buchanan, Maurice Allais, Theodore Schultz, Richard Stone, James Tobin, Wassily Leontief, Jan Tinbergen. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-06164-3 

(25)^ Deardorff, Alan V., 2006. Glossary of International Economics, Division of labor.

(26)^ abcMagnus Magnusson (20031110). Northern lights. New Statesman.  Review of James Buchan's Capital of the Mind: Edinburgh (Crowded With Genius: Edinburgh's Moment of the Mind in the United States) London: John Murray ISBN 0-7195-5446-2. 20123292020614

(27)^ Eddy, Matthew Daniel (2011). The Line of Reason: Hugh Blair, Spatiality and the Progressive Structure of Language. Notes and Records of the Royal Society 65: 924. doi:10.1098/rsnr.2010.0098. 

(28)^ Eddy, Matthew Daniel (2010). 'The Sparkling Nectar of Spas: The Medical and Commercial Relevance of Mineral Water, in Ursula Klein and Emma Spary (eds.), Materials and Expertise in Early Modern Europe: Between Market and Laboratory. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 198226. https://www.academia.edu/1114266/The_Sparkling_Nectar_of_Spas_The_Medical_and_Commercial_Relevance_of_Mineral_Water_in_Ursula_Klein_and_Emma_Spary_eds._Materials_and_Expertise_in_Early_Modern_Europe_Between_Market_and_Laboratory_Chicago_The_University_of_Chicago_Press_2010_198-226 

(29)^ Herman, Arthur (2001). How the Scots Invented the Modern World: The true story of how western europe's poorest nation created our world and everything in it. Three Rivers Press. pp. 321-322. ISBN 0-609-80999-7 

(30)^ N. Chambers, ed., The Letters of Sir Joseph Banks: A Selection, 17681820 (World Scientific, 2000), ISBN 1860942040, p. 376.

(31)^ R. Mitchelson, A History of Scotland (London: Routledge, 2002), 0203412710, p. 352.

(32)^ Eddy, Matthew Daniel (2014). How to See a Diagram: A Visual Anthropology of Chemical Affinity. Osiris 29: 17896. doi:10.1086/678093. https://www.academia.edu/4588508/How_to_See_a_Diagram_A_Visual_Anthropology_of_Chemical_Affinity_Osiris_2014_178-196. 

(33)^ David Denby (20041011). Northern Lights: How modern life emerged from eighteenth-century Edinburgh. The New Yorker.  Review of James Buchan's Crowded With Genius: Edinburgh's Moment of the Mind (Capital of the Mind: Edinburgh in the UK) HarperCollins, 2003. Hardcover: ISBN 0-06-055888-1, ISBN 978-0-06-055888-8. 2020614

(34)^ abRepcheck, Jack (2003). Chapter 7: The Athens of the North. The Man Who Found Time: James Hutton and the Discovery of the Earth's Antiquity. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Basic Books, Perseus Books Group. pp. 11743. ISBN 0-7382-0692-X 

(35)^ Life of Rev. David Ure, 1865

(36)^ History of Rutherglen and East Kilbride, 1793, David Ure

(37)^ Bynum, W. F.; Porter, Roy (2002). William Hunter and the Eighteenth-Century Medical World. Cambridge University Press. pp. 14243. ISBN 9780521525176. https://books.google.com/books?id=nJc0wTuTGuMC&pg=PA142 

(38)^ Ian Brown (2007). The Edinburgh History of Scottish Literature: Enlightenment, Britain and Empire (17071918). Edinburgh U.P.. pp. 199200. https://books.google.com/books?id=BasUT5FyhM8C&pg=PA199 

(39)^ Daniel Walker Howe. "Why the Scottish Enlightenment Was Useful to the Framers of the American Constitution". Comparative Studies in Society and History. Vol. 31, No. 3 (July 1989), pp. 57287 in JSTOR

(40)^ Robert W. Galvin. America's Founding Secret: What the Scottish Enlightenment Taught Our Founding Fathers (Rowman & Littlefield, 2002).

(41)^ Michael Fry. How the Scots Made America, (Thomas Dunne Books, 2004).

(42)^ Sydney E. Ahlstrom, "The Scottish Philosophy and American Theology," Church History, Vol. 24, No. 3 (Sep., 1955), pp. 25772 in JSTOR

(43)^ Phillip Manning (20031228). A Toast To Times Past. Chapel Hill News. 2016332020614

(44)^ Cambridge University Press. Andrew Fletcher: Political Works. 2020614

(45)^ Dr David Allan. A Hotbed of Genius: Culture and Society in the Scottish Enlightenment.  University of St Andrews. 20079272020614