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Contents

   



(Top)
  


1 Languages  




2 Evidence  




3 References  


3.1  Works cited  















East Formosan languages: Difference between revisions






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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
  

Browse history interactively
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VisualWikitext
Cosinepi-fly (talk | contribs)
77 edits
Added Sakizaya language to infobox
 
(11 intermediate revisions by 7 users not shown)
Line 5: Line 5:

|region=[[Taiwan]]

|region=[[Taiwan]]

|familycolor=Austronesian

|familycolor=Austronesian

|fam2=([[Formosan_languages|Formosan]])

|child1=[[Kavalanic languages|Kavalanic]]

|child1=[[Kavalanic languages|Kavalanic]]

|child2=[[Ami languages|Ami]]

|child2=[[Amis language|Amis]]–[[Sakizaya language|Sakizaya]]

|child3=[[Siraya language|Sirayaic]]

|child3=[[Siraya language|Sirayaic]]

|glotto=east2493

|glotto=east2493
Line 18: Line 17:


==Languages==

==Languages==

{{tree list}}
⚫

*Kavalanic

*'''East Formosan'''
⚫

**[[Kavalan language|Kavalan]]
⚫

**Kavalanic
⚫

**[[Basay language|Basay]]

**[[Qauqaut language|Qauqaut]]

***[[Kavalan language|Kavalan]]
⚫

***[[Basay language|Basay]]

*Amis-Sakizaya
⚫

***[[Qauqaut language|Qauqaut]]

**Sakizaya

**Amis–Sakizaya
⚫

**[[Amis languages|Amis]]

*[[Proto-Siraya language|Sirayaic]]

***[[Sakizaya language|Sakizaya]]

**[[Siraya language|Siraya]]

***[[Amis language|Amis]]
⚫

**[[Sirayaic languages|Sirayaic]]
⚫

**Taivoan–Makatao

***[[Taivoan language|Taivoan]]

***[[Siraya language|Siraya]]
⚫

***Taivoan–Makatao
⚫

***[[Makatao language|Makatao]]

****[[Taivoan language|Taivoan]]
⚫

****[[Makatao language|Makatao]]

{{tree list/end}}


[[Luilang language|Luilang]] is often lumped together with the Ketagalan dialect of Basay, but is poorly attested and remains unclassified. Sagart{{sfn|Sagart|2021}} posits it as a primary branch of Austronesian.

[[Luilang language|Luilang]] is often lumped together with the Ketagalan dialect of Basay, but is poorly attested and remains unclassified. Sagart posits it as a primary branch of Austronesian.{{sfn|Sagart|2021}}


==Evidence==

==Evidence==
Line 42: Line 44:

#Shift of *k into /q/ and /q/ > /h/ (Basay only) before *a

#Shift of *k into /q/ and /q/ > /h/ (Basay only) before *a


Li{{sfn|Li|2004}} notes that the split of *k into k and q (before *a) is shared exclusively by Basay and Kavalan. Like Kavalan and Basay, the Siraya language merges the patient-focus and locative-focus forms, although Amis distinguishes the two focus forms. Li{{sfn|Li|2004}} also lists dozens of lexical innovations shared by the East Formosan languages.

Li{{sfn|Li|2004}} notes that the split of *k into k and q (before *a) is shared exclusively by Basay and Kavalan. Like Kavalan and Basay, the Siraya language merges the patient-focus and locative-focus forms, although Amis distinguishes the two focus forms. Li{{sfn|Li|2004}} also lists dozens of [[Lexical Innovation|lexical innovations]] shared by the East Formosan languages.


The [[Basay language|Basay]], [[Kavalan language|Kavalan]], and [[Amis language|Amis]] also share an oral tradition stating a common origin from an island called “Sinasay” or “Sanasay,” which is probably the [[Green Island, Taiwan|Green Island]] of today.{{sfn|Li|2008}}

The [[Basay language|Basay]], [[Kavalan language|Kavalan]], and [[Amis language|Amis]] also share an oral tradition stating a common origin from an island called “Sinasay” or “Sanasay,” which is probably the [[Green Island, Taiwan|Green Island]] of today.{{sfn|Li|2008}}
Line 48: Line 50:

==References==

==References==

{{Reflist}}

{{Reflist}}

===Works Cited===

===Works cited===

{{refbegin}}

{{refbegin}}

* {{cite book |last=Li |first=Paul Jen-kuei |year=1992 |script-title=zh:台灣平埔族的種類及其互關係 |trans-title=Classification of the Sinicized tribes in Taiwan and their internal relationships |editor-last=Li |editor-first=Paul Jen-kuei |title=Selected Papers on Formosan Languages |volume=2 |location=Taipei, Taiwan |publisher=Institute of Linguistics, Academia Sinica }}

* {{cite book |last=Li |first=Paul Jen-kuei |year=1992 |script-title=zh:台灣平埔族的種類及其互關係 |trans-title=Classification of the Sinicized tribes in Taiwan and their internal relationships |editor-last=Li |editor-first=Paul Jen-kuei |title=Selected Papers on Formosan Languages |volume=2 |location=Taipei, Taiwan |publisher=Institute of Linguistics, Academia Sinica }}

*{{cite journal |last=Li |first=Paul Jen-kuei |year=2004 |title=Origins of the East Formosans: Basay, Kavalan, Amis, and Siraya |journal=Languages and Linguistics |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=363–376 |url=http://www.ling.sinica.edu.tw/files/publication/j2004_2_03_9423.pdf}}

*{{cite journal |last=Li |first=Paul Jen-kuei |year=2004 |title=Origins of the East Formosans: Basay, Kavalan, Amis, and Siraya |journal=Languages and Linguistics |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=363–376 |url=http://www.ling.sinica.edu.tw/files/publication/j2004_2_03_9423.pdf |access-date=2021-09-10 |archive-date=2019-04-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418173953/http://www.ling.sinica.edu.tw/files/publication/j2004_2_03_9423.pdf |url-status=dead }}

* {{cite book |last=Li |first=Paul Jen-kuei |year=2008 |chapter=Time perspective of Formosan Aborigines |editor1-last=Sanchez-Mazas |editor1-first=Alicia |title=Past human migrations in East Asia: matching archaeology, linguistics and genetics |publisher=Taylor & Francis US |isbn=978-0415399234 |editor2-first=Roger |editor2-last=Blench |editor3-first=Malcolm D. |editor3-last=Ross |editor4-first=Ilia |editor4-last=Peiros |editor5-first=Marie |editor5-last=Lin |name-list-style=amp}}

* {{cite book |last=Li |first=Paul Jen-kuei |year=2008 |chapter=Time perspective of Formosan Aborigines |editor1-last=Sanchez-Mazas |editor1-first=Alicia |title=Past human migrations in East Asia: matching archaeology, linguistics and genetics |publisher=Taylor & Francis US |isbn=978-0415399234 |editor2-first=Roger |editor2-last=Blench |editor3-first=Malcolm D. |editor3-last=Ross |editor4-first=Ilia |editor4-last=Peiros |editor5-first=Marie |editor5-last=Lin |name-list-style=amp}}

*{{citation |first=Laurent |last=Sagart |year=2021 |title=A more detailed early Austronesian phylogeny |work=15th International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics |url=https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03324863/file/2021%2015ICAL%20Olomouc_revised.pdf}}

*{{citation |first=Laurent |last=Sagart |year=2021 |title=A more detailed early Austronesian phylogeny |work=15th International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics |url=https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03324863/file/2021%2015ICAL%20Olomouc_revised.pdf}}

Latest revision as of 02:46, 3 June 2024

East Formosan
Geographic
distribution		Taiwan
Linguistic classificationAustronesian
  • East Formosan
Subdivisions
Glottologeast2493

(purple) Li's East Formosan

The East Formosan languages consist of various Formosan languages scattered across Taiwan, including Kavalan, Amis, and the extinct Siraya language. This grouping is supported by both Robert Blust and Paul Jen-kuei Li. Li considers the Siraya-speaking area in the southwestern plains of Taiwan to be the most likely homeland of the East Formosan speakers, where they then spread to the eastern coast of Taiwan and gradually migrated to the area of modern-day Taipei.[1]

Languages[edit]

  • Basay
  • Qauqaut
  • Amis–Sakizaya
  • Sirayaic

    • Luilang is often lumped together with the Ketagalan dialect of Basay, but is poorly attested and remains unclassified. Sagart posits it as a primary branch of Austronesian.[2]

    Evidence[edit]

    Li[1] presents the following criteria as evidence for an East Formosan subgrouping.

    1. Merger of *C and *t as /t/
    2. Merger of *D and *Z as /r/ or /l/ in Basay, as /z/ in Kavalan
    3. Merger of *q, *H, *ʔɦ and zero
    4. Merger of *j, *n, and *N as /n/
    5. Shift of *k into /q/ and /q/ > /h/ (Basay only) before *a

    Li[1] notes that the split of *k into k and q (before *a) is shared exclusively by Basay and Kavalan. Like Kavalan and Basay, the Siraya language merges the patient-focus and locative-focus forms, although Amis distinguishes the two focus forms. Li[1] also lists dozens of lexical innovations shared by the East Formosan languages.

    The Basay, Kavalan, and Amis also share an oral tradition stating a common origin from an island called “Sinasay” or “Sanasay,” which is probably the Green Island of today.[3]

    References[edit]

    1. ^ a b c d Li 2004.
  • ^ Sagart 2021.
  • ^ Li 2008.

    • Works cited[edit]

    • Li, Paul Jen-kuei (1992). Li, Paul Jen-kuei (ed.). Selected Papers on Formosan Languages 台灣平埔族的種類及其互關係 [Classification of the Sinicized tribes in Taiwan and their internal relationships]. Vol. 2. Taipei, Taiwan: Institute of Linguistics, Academia Sinica.
  • Li, Paul Jen-kuei (2004). "Origins of the East Formosans: Basay, Kavalan, Amis, and Siraya" (PDF). Languages and Linguistics. 5 (2): 363–376. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-04-18. Retrieved 2021-09-10.
  • Li, Paul Jen-kuei (2008). "Time perspective of Formosan Aborigines". In Sanchez-Mazas, Alicia; Blench, Roger; Ross, Malcolm D.; Peiros, Ilia & Lin, Marie (eds.). Past human migrations in East Asia: matching archaeology, linguistics and genetics. Taylor & Francis US. ISBN 978-0415399234.
  • Sagart, Laurent (2021), "A more detailed early Austronesian phylogeny" (PDF), 15th International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics

    • Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=East_Formosan_languages&oldid=1227007028"
    Categories: 
    ●Formosan languages
     ●Languages of Taiwan
     Hidden categories: 
    ●Articles with short description
     ●Short description matches Wikidata
     ●CS1 uses Chinese-language script (zh)
      


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