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Peter Doherty (immunologist)

Peter Doherty AC FRS FMedSci
Born	Peter Charles Doherty 15 October 1940 (1940-10-15) (age 83)[3] Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
Nationality	Australian
Alma mater	University of Queensland (BVSc, MVSc, DVSc) University of Edinburgh (PhD)
Known for	Major histocompatibility complex
Awards	Paul Ehrlich and Ludwig Darmstaedter Prize (1983) Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (1996) Australian of the Year (1997) Leeuwenhoek Lecture (1999)[1]
Scientific career
Fields	Medicine Immunology
Institutions	John Curtin School of Medical Research Australian National University
Thesis	Studies in the experimental pathology of louping-ill encephalitis (1970)
Doctoral advisor	G. L. Montgomery J. T. Stamp[2]

Peter Charles Doherty AC FRS FMedSci (born 15 October 1940)^[3] is an Australian immunologist and Nobel laureate.^[4] He received the Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research in 1995, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine jointly with Rolf M. Zinkernagel^[5] in 1996 and was named Australian of the Year in 1997.^[6] In the Australia Day Honours of 1997, he was named a Companion of the Order of Australia for his work with Zinkernagel.^[7] He is also a National Trust Australian Living Treasure.^[8] In 2009 as part of the Q150 celebrations, Doherty's immune system research was announced as one of the Q150 Icons of Queensland for its role as an iconic "innovation and invention".^[9]

Early life and education[edit]

Peter Charles Doherty was born in the Brisbane, suburb of Sherwood on 15 October 1940, to Eric Charles Doherty and Linda Doherty (née Byford).^[10][11] He grew up in Oxley,^[12] and attended Indooroopilly State High School (which now has a lecture theatre named after him).

After receiving his bachelor's degree in veterinary science in 1962 from the University of Queensland, he was a rural veterinary officer for the Queensland Department of Agriculture and Stock before taking up laboratory-based work at the Department's Animal Research Institute.^[13] There he met microbiology graduate Penelope Stephens and they were married in 1965.^[13] Doherty received his master's degree in veterinary science in 1966 from the University of Queensland.^[14]

He obtained his PhD in pathology ^[15] in 1970 from the University of Edinburgh, Scotland,^[2] then returned to Australia to continue his research at the John Curtin School of Medical Research within the Australian National UniversityinCanberra.

Research and career[edit]

Doherty's research focused^[16][17] on the immune system and his Nobel Prize-winning work described how the body's immune cells protect against viruses. He and Rolf Zinkernagel, the co-recipient of the 1996 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, discovered how T cells recognise their target antigens in combination with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins.^[18]

Viruses infect host cells and reproduce inside them. Killer T-cells destroy those infected cells so that the viruses cannot reproduce. Zinkernagel and Doherty discovered that, in order for killer T cells to recognise infected cells, they had to recognise two molecules on the surface of the cell – not only the virus antigen, but also a molecule of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). This recognition was done by a T-cell receptor on the surface of the T cell. The MHC was previously identified as being responsible for the rejection of incompatible tissues during transplantation. Zinkernagel and Doherty discovered that the MHC was responsible for the body fighting meningitis viruses too.^[19]

Awards and honours[edit]

Doherty was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1987.^[1] In 1997, he received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement.^[20] He is the patron of the eponymous Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity (Doherty Institute), a joint venture between the University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health. It houses a group of infection and immunology experts, including Director Professor Sharon Lewin, who are charged with leading the battle against infectious diseases in humans. This became operational in 2014.^[21] He became an Honorary Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences (FMedSci) in 2015.^[22] In the same year he was elected Fellow of the Australian Academy of Health and Medical Sciences (FAHMS).^[23] In April 2017 he was inducted as a Fellow of the Royal Society of Victoria (FRSV).^[24]

John Monash Science School,^[25] Moreton Bay Boys College,^[26] and Murrumba State Secondary College^[27] each have a house named after him.

Non academic publications[edit]

• Doherty, Peter (2022). Empire, war, tennis and me. [S.l.]: MELBOURNE UNIV PRESS. ISBN 978-0-522-87856-1. OCLC 1302578051.
• Doherty, Peter (2021). An insider's plague year. Carlton, Vic. ISBN 978-0-522-87751-9. OCLC 1258120542.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
• Doherty, P. C. (2018). The incidental tourist : on the road with a globetrotting Nobel Prize winner. Carlton, Victoria. ISBN 978-0-522-87172-2. OCLC 1048246796.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
• Doherty, P. C. (2015). The knowledge wars. Carlton, Vic. ISBN 978-0-522-86285-0. OCLC 908193218.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)^[28]
• Doherty, P. C. (2013). Pandemics : what everyone needs to know. Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-989811-4. OCLC 851695304.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
• Doherty, Peter (2012). Sentinel chickens : what birds can tell us about our health and our world. Carlton, Vic.: Melbourne University Publishing. ISBN 978-0-522-86110-5. OCLC 781878873.
• Doherty, Peter Charles (2007). A light history of hot air. Carlton, Vic.: Melbourne University Press. ISBN 978-0-522-85407-7. OCLC 225591871.
• Doherty, P. C. (2006). The beginner's guide to winning the Nobel prize : a life in science. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-13896-3. OCLC 232160284.

Personal life[edit]

As of 2021^[update], Peter Doherty and his wife Penny live in Melbourne.^[29] They have two sons, Michael, a neurologist working in the United States,^[30] and James, a Melbourne-based barrister,^[13] and six grandchildren.^[31] He gained a renewed level of fame in 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic when he accidentally tweeted the phrase 'Dan Murphy opening hours' instead of performing a web search for it.^[32][33]

Doherty currently^[when?] spends three months of the year conducting research at St. Jude Children's Research HospitalinMemphis, Tennessee, where he is a faculty member at the University of Tennessee Health Science Center through the College of Medicine.^[34] For the other 9 months of the year, he works in the Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the University of Melbourne, Victoria.

References[edit]

^ ^{a b} Doherty, Peter Charles (1970). Studies in the experimental pathology of louping-ill encephalitis (PhD thesis). hdl:1842/17153. EThOS 699841.

^ Peter Doherty publications indexed by Google Scholar

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Peter C. Doherty.

• Nobel Prize biographical information (including his Nobel Lecture on "Cell Mediated Immunity in Virus Infections")
• AppearancesonC-SPAN
• Radio Interview from This Week in Science 5 September 2005 broadcast
• "Winning a Nobel: easy as wrestling a pig", by Margaret Wertheim, Cosmos magazine, October 2006
• Peter Doherty delivers the opening address at the 2009 Melbourne Festival of IdeasonABC Fora (video)
• Peter Doherty addresses the Vic Skeptics – Scepticism, Denial and Ignorance: There is a DifferenceonYouTube (video)

 This article incorporates text byRoyal Society available under the CC BY 4.0 license.