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アル・シャバブ (ソマリア)

出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』
ソマリア内戦
アル・シャバブ
الشباب

戦闘旗

幹部 アブ・マンスール
ムクター・アブディラマン
アリ "デーレ" モハンマド
アデン・ハシ・ファラ(2008年1月に死亡)
活動期間: 2007年1月19日–現在
本拠地: モガディシュ(明確ではない)
活動範囲: ソマリア南部、首都モガディシュの一部
前組織: イスラム法廷会議 (ICU)
関連組織: アルカーイダ
エリトリアの旗 エリトリア (伝聞情報)
対立組織: ソマリアの旗 ソマリア
エチオピアの旗 エチオピア
アフリカ連合ソマリア対策部(AMISOM)
アメリカ合衆国の旗 アメリカ合衆国
 ノルウェー
オーストラリアの旗 オーストラリア
カナダの旗 カナダ
フランスの旗 フランス
イタリアの旗 イタリア
イギリスの旗 イギリス

: الشباب, Al-Shabaab, Ash-Shabaabu2012[1]

/Hizbul Shabaab[2]2Popular Resistance Movement in the Land of the Two Migrations, PRM[3]

[]


(ICU)ICUICUICU2004[4] (en) [5] (en) [6] (en) [7]

20081013[8]3[9]20096224[10]200811[11][12]

[13]20091退[14]

[15][16] [17]2006[18][19][20]

[21]

[]

[]


2006ARPCT[22]2004 (en) [23]2006376[24][25][26] 

2006610西47 (en) [27]615[28] 726[28] 

7720809520[28]Dalsan International1000使ICUARPCT20066ICU[28]

200716[29]10001000[30]

[]


2007119ICUQaadisiya.comICU2PRMSomali People's Insurgent Movement, SPIMSomali People's Resistance Movement, SPRM124Sheikh Abdikadir (en) [31]131 (en) [32]29800 (en) (AMISOM)PRMAbdirisaq宿[3][33][34]228 (en) INA (U.S. State Department list of Foreign Terrorist Organizations) [5]200822008[13][35][36]

20088TFG (en) 200711[37]35退[38]11203[39]2008[40]

2009126退[41]20092226[42]

517[43] 61820[44]62024[45][46]

8[47]911[48]20101[49]2009[50][51]20104[52]

20099[53]20099[54]200910[55]20102[56]

2010[57][58][59]1220

退[]


201178退10[60][61]

20122[62]

退[]


20129928929退[63][64]

2013111117

201392139[65]

2013105退[66]

20149591[67]

201542()150[68]

20171014358[69][70]2007[69][70]

2018[]


201842858[71]

20181119237[72]

201811261510[73]

2019[]


201911521[74]

8201911952[75]

2020[]


202015沿[76]

2020816[77]

2022[]


20221023 [78]

脚注[編集]

出典[編集]



(一)^ 西. . (201334). https://web.archive.org/web/20130304080945/http://sankei.jp.msn.com/world/news/130304/mds13030400570001-n1.htm 2013313 

(二)^ Washingtons Self-Defeating Somalia Policy Matt Bryden, CSIS Policy Forum

(三)^ abDiplomats stress need for all-inclusive talks on the future of Somalia. Associated Press. (200729). http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2007-02-09-somalia_x.htm 200729 

(四)^ - Former Members of Radical Somali Group Give Details of Their Group. VOA News. (200716). 200718. https://web.archive.org/web/20070108032804/http://www.voanews.com/english/2007-01-06-voa25.cfm 202048 

(五)^ ab"Designation of Al-Shabaab" (Press release). United States Department of State. 18 March 2008. 2008318 

(六)^ Bye Skille, Øyvind (200838). Hold dere unna Al-Shabaab (Norwegian). Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation. http://www.nrk.no/nyheter/1.5046460 2008318 

(七)^ "16 mars - om Säpo och om bankernas vinster". Agenda. 16 March 2008. 29 :. Sveriges Television. SVT1

(八)^ "Condemnation of Stoning to Death of Asha Ibrahim Dhuhulow" (Press release). The Global Campaign to Stop Killing and Stoning Women!. 29 October 2008. 20081221202048

(九)^ Islamist rebel administration in Somalia had 13-year-old rape victim stoned to death. The Guardian. (2008112). https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/nov/02/somalia-gender 202048 

(十)^  . MSN. . (2009623). 2009625. https://web.archive.org/web/20090625002959/http://sankei.jp.msn.com/world/mideast/090623/mds0906230102001-n1.htm 202048 

(11)^ . AFPBB News. (20081123). https://www.afpbb.com/articles/-/2542189?pid=3552933 202048 

(12)^ OPRF (PDF)[]2008102009627

(13)^ ab. AFPBB News. (20081030). https://www.afpbb.com/articles/-/2533621?pid=3473558 202048 

(14)^  . FujiSankei Business i. / Bloomberg GLOBAL FINANCE. (2009228). 200939. https://web.archive.org/web/20090309022903/http://www.business-i.jp/news/special-page/oxford/200902280003o.nwc 202048 

(15)^ The rise of the Shabab. The Economist. (20081218). 200915. https://web.archive.org/web/20090105052442/http://www.economist.com/world/mideast-africa/displaystory.cfm?story_id=12815670 202048 

(16)^ Suicide bombs kill 22 in northern Somalia, UN hit[]

(17)^ Al- Shabaab led by "dozens of foreign jihadists, most from Arab nations"

(18)^ Kendie, Daniel. Egypt and the Hydro-Politics of the Blue Nile River. Northeast African Studies (Michigan State University Press) 6 (1-2): 141-169. https://muse.jhu.edu/article/23689. 

(19)^ Nile River Politics: Who Receives Water?.  Global Policy Forum (2000810). 202048

(20)^ Jihadists from Arab nations and Egyptians

(21)^ . JanJanNews. IPS Japan. (2008323). 2008517. https://web.archive.org/web/20080517112226/http://www.news.janjan.jp/world/0803/0803223315/1.php 202048 

(22)^ "Extremist" Splinter Group Of Somali Islamic Courts Formed. The Somaliland Times. (2006812). 2007109. https://web.archive.org/web/20071009103033/http://www.somalilandtimes.net/sl/2005/238/4.shtml 202048 

(23)^ Somalia: Foreigners fighters in the network of Al-Shabaab. Somali News. (20081028). 200923. https://web.archive.org/web/20090203130924/http://www.somaliweyn.org/pages/news/Oct_08/28oct16.html 202048 

(24)^ Former Members of Radical Somali Group Give Details of Their Group. VOA News. (200716). 200718. https://web.archive.org/web/20070108032804/https://www.voanews.com/english/2007-01-06-voa25.cfm 202048 

(25)^ Wallis, D. 2008, 'Piracy ransoms funding Somalia insurgency'[], Reuters Africa, 24 August. Retrieved on 26 August 2008.

(26)^ [1][]

(27)^ Fall of Mogadishu leaves US policy in ruins. The Guardian. (2006610). https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/jun/10/rorycarroll.oliverburkeman 202048 

(28)^ abcdReport of the Monitoring Group on Somalia pursuant to Security Council resolution 1676, November 2006 Monitoring Group on Somalia, UN (PDF Format)

(29)^ Ethiopian troops to leave Somalia 'within weeks'. The Guardian. (200713). https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/jan/03/mainsection.international14 202048 

(30)^ Disbanded Militant Youth Group in Somalia Support Al-Qaida Message. VOA News. (200715). 200716. https://web.archive.org/web/20070106232623/https://www.voanews.com/english/2007-01-05-voa35.cfm 202048 

(31)^ Somalia Enters a Devolutionary Cycle.  Power and Interest News Report (PINR) (200722). 2013414200729

(32)^ Somali extremists post video warning to peacekeepers. Sudan Tribune. Associated Press. (2007131). http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article20040 202048 

(33)^ Somalia: New group claims Mogadishu attacks. SomaliNet. (200729). 2008530. https://web.archive.org/web/20080530074156/http://somalinet.com/news/world/Somalia/7381 202048 

(34)^ Somalias army commander sacked as new ambassadors are appointed. Shabelle.net. (2007210). 2007927. https://web.archive.org/web/20070927200623/http://www.shabelle.net/news/ne2279.htm 202048 

(35)^ [2][]

(36)^ Al Shabaab claim responsibility for Puntland bombings. Garowe Online. (200826). 200828. https://web.archive.org/web/20080208083853/https://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_Al_Shabaab_claim_responsibility_for_Puntland_bombings.shtml 202048 

(37)^ Somali opposition group seizes port. Al Jazeera English. (2008822). 2008822. https://web.archive.org/web/20080822182633/http://english.aljazeera.net/news/africa/2008/08/2008822133743544949.html 202048 

(38)^ Thousands displaced as insurgents take control of Kismayo. The New Humanitarian. (2008825). http://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news/2008/08/25/thousands-displaced-insurgents-take-control-kismayo 202048 

(39)^  . MSN. (20081121). 20081210. https://web.archive.org/web/20081210164307/http://sankei.jp.msn.com/world/america/081121/amr0811210927005-n1.htm 202048 

(40)^ Georg-Sebastian Holzer (20081218). Somalia: ends and beginnings.  open Democracy News Analysis. 20081225202048

(41)^ . . (2009127). http://www.nikkanberita.com/read.cgi?id=200901272312102 202048 

(42)^ AU base in Mogadishu attacked. BBC News. (2009222). http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7904613.stm 2009222 

(43)^ UNICEF2009520https://www.unicef.or.jp/library/pres_bn2009/pres_09_30.html202048 

(44)^ IBTimes-[]20096192009627

(45)^ jp []

(46)^ . AFPBB News. (2009622). https://www.afpbb.com/articles/-/2613971 202048 

(47)^ Somali extremists on a 'fatwa order' from God. The Australian. (200985). 200987. https://web.archive.org/web/20090807105257/http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,25884512-601,00.html 202048 

(48)^ Al Shabaab Threatens Attacks on Israel. Anti-Defamation League. (2009119). 2010313. https://web.archive.org/web/20100313151713/http://www.adl.org/main_Terrorism/Shabaab_Threatens_Israel.htm 202048 

(49)^ Somali Islamists al-Shabab 'join al-Qaeda fight'. BBC News. (201021). http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8491329.stm 202048 

(50)^ Somali islamists forcibly remove gold, silver teeth from citizens. TVNZ. Reuters. (2009811). 2009814. https://web.archive.org/web/20090814122639/http://tvnz.co.nz/world-news/somali-islamists-forcibly-remove-teeth-2906226 202048 

(51)^ Whipped for wearing a 'deceptive' bra: Hardline Islamists in Somalia publicly flog women in sharia crackdown. Daily Mail Online. (20091016). https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1220864/Whipped-wearing-deceptive-bra-Hardline-Islamists-Somalia-publicly-flog-women-sharia-crackdown.html 202048 

(52)^ Somali hardline militia ban school bell ringing. AFP. (2010415). 2014321. https://web.archive.org/web/20140321185637/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5iTHNIUn-WN3bRzsEaxnS5PrGzisg?hl=en 202048 

(53)^ Somalia: Kismayo dispute among Islamists deepens. Garowe Online. (2009915). 2009916. https://web.archive.org/web/20090916011125/http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_Kismayo_dispute_among_Islamists_deepens.shtml 202048 

(54)^ Islamist rebels in Somalia declare war on each other. Garowe Online. (2009101). 2009102. https://web.archive.org/web/20091002234442/https://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Islamist_rebels_in_Somalia_declare_war_on_each_other.shtml 202048 

(55)^ Somalia: 15 killed in renewed Islamist clashes near Kismayo. Garowe Online. (20091011). 20091012. https://web.archive.org/web/20091012004229/http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_15_killed_in_renewed_Islamist_clashes_near_Kismayo.shtml 202048 

(56)^ Somalia: Notorious Islamist guerrilla leader joins Al Shabaab. Garowe Online. (201022). 201025. https://web.archive.org/web/20100205013830/http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_Notorious_Islamist_guerrilla_leader_joins_Al-Shabaab.shtml 202048 

(57)^ Somalia: Clam Returns to Bur-Hakaba After One Day of Deadly Fighting. allAfrica.com. (20101212). https://allafrica.com/stories/201012130489.html 202048 

(58)^ Somalia: Al Shabaab Leaders Condemn Each Other Publicly. allAfrica.com. (20101218). https://allafrica.com/stories/201012180008.html 202048 

(59)^ Somalia: Rival Militant Groups Set to Join Forces. allAfrica.com. (20101220). https://allafrica.com/stories/201012201376.html 202048 

(60)^ 10. AFPBB News. (20111123). https://www.afpbb.com/articles/-/2842185?pid=8107833 202048 

(61)^ . . (2012926). http://www.jiji.com/jc/zc?k=201209/2012092600743 2012930 

(62)^  . CNN. (2012212). http://www.cnn.co.jp/world/30005585.html 

(63)^ 退=. . (2012929). http://www.jiji.com/jc/zc?k=201209/2012092900263 2012104 

(64)^ Somalia's al-Shabab militants in 'deadly feud'. BBC. (2013620). http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-22988404 2013106 

(65)^ 39. AFPBB. (2013922). https://www.afpbb.com/articles/-/2969703?pid=11387941 2013106 

(66)^ Raid On Al-Shabab Stronghold In Barawe As Western Forces Strike Somali Town. The Huffington Post. (2013105). http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/05/al-shabab-raid_n_4049824.html 2013106 

(67)^  . NHK. (201496). http://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20140906/k10014394251000.html 201496 

(68)^ Who are Somalia's al-Shabab?. BBC News. (201542). 201543. https://web.archive.org/web/20150403052911/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-15336689 202048 

(69)^ ab358 . . (20171021). https://mainichi.jp/articles/20171021/k00/00e/030/255000c 2017115 

(70)^ ab 230. BBC. (20171016). https://www.bbc.com/japanese/41632266 202048 

(71)^  58 .  CNN (2018428). 2018429

(72)^  37. AFPBB News. (20181121). https://www.afpbb.com/articles/-/3198527 202048 

(73)^ 35 .  AFP (20181127). 2019120

(74)^ 21911.  AFP (2019117). 2019120

(75)^  52.  AFP (2019120). 2019120

(76)^ 使.  AFP (202015). 202015

(77)^ 5 .  AFP (2020817). 2020816

(78)^ 9. www.iza.ne.jp.   (20221024). 20221024

外部リンク[編集]