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ハプログループR (Y染色体)

出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』
R (Y染色体) 系統
系統祖 {{{major-haplo}}}
発生時期 約19,000~27,000年前[1]
発生地(推定) 中央アジア
親階層 P
子階層 M207
高頻度民族・地域 在来分布:ユーラシア大陸西部、北アメリカ北東部
南北アメリカ(16世紀以降ヨーロッパからの移住)

R (Y)R (Y): Haplogroup R-M207 (Y-DNA)YM45M207[2][3][4]

[]


YR19,00027,000K2P[1] [5]RRR1R-M173R2R-M479R1R-M173[6]

[]

R*[]


10%6%[7]24,000[8]

R1[]

R1aR1bR1aR1b

R1R-M173西O
R1R-M173R1aR-M420R1bR-M343

R1a[]

R1a

R1a[9]

R1b[]

R1b

R1b西80%[10][11][12][13][9]86%[14]R1bR-V88[15][16][17]

[]


R1R1DNAX
Q西R

R2[]


R2[18]

系統樹[編集]

ヒトY染色体ハプログループ系統樹
Y染色体アダム (Y-MRCA)
A0 A1
A1a A1b
A1b1 BT
B CT
DE CF
D E C F
G H IJK
IJ K
I J K1 K2
L T MS NO P K2*
N O Q R

脚注[編集]

  1. ^ a b ISOGG Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree
  2. ^ Myres (2010). A major Y-chromosome haplogroup R1b Holocene era founder effect in Central and Western Europe. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmB/articles/PMC3039512/. 
  3. ^ Lell, Jeffrey T.; Sukernik, Rem I.; Starikovskaya, Yelena B.; Su, Bing; Jin, Li; Schurr, Theodore G.; Underhill, Peter A.; Wallace, Douglas C. (2002). “The Dual Origin and Siberian Affinities of Native American”. The American Journal of Human Genetics 70: 192. doi:10.1086/338457. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002929707612932. 
  4. ^ SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION” (PDF) (英語). 2013年12月3日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2015年5月16日閲覧。 doi:10.1038/nature12736
  5. ^ Karafet, TM; Mendez, FL; Meilerman, MB; Underhill, PA; Zegura, SL; Hammer, MF (May 2008). “New binary polymorphisms reshape and increase resolution of the human Y chromosomal haplogroup tree”. Genome Res. 18: 830–8. doi:10.1101/gr.7172008. PMC 2336805. PMID 18385274. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2336805/. 
  6. ^ Malhi (2008). Distribution of Y Chromosomes Among Native North Americans: A Study of Athapaskan Population History. オリジナルの2010年6月17日時点におけるアーカイブ。. https://web.archive.org/web/20100617184224/http://usmex.ucsd.edu/assets/022/10143.pdf. 
  7. ^ Firasat et al.(2007) Y-chromosomal evidence for a limited Greek contribution to the Pathan population of Pakistan European Journal of Human Genetics 15, 121–126
  8. ^ Raghavan, Maanasa; Pontus Skoglund; Kelly E. Graf; Mait Metspalu; Anders Albrechtsen; Ida Moltke; Simon Rasmussen; Thomas W. Stafford Jr; Ludovic Orlando; Ene Metspalu; Monika Karmin; Kristiina Tambets; Siiri Rootsi; Reedik Mägi; Paula F. Campos; Elena Balanovska; Oleg Balanovsky; Elza Khusnutdinova; Sergey Litvinov; Ludmila P. Osipova; Sardana A. Fedorova; Mikhail I. Voevoda; Michael DeGiorgio; Thomas Sicheritz-Ponten; Søren Brunak; et al. (2 January 2014). "Upper Palaeolithic Siberian genome reveals dual ancestry of Native Americans". Nature. 505 (7481): 87–91. PMC 4105016 Freely accessible. PMID 24256729. doi:10.1038/nature12736.
  9. ^ a b Eupedia
  10. ^ Helgason A, Sigureth ardóttir S, Nicholson J, Sykes B, Hill E, Bradley D et al. (2000). "Estimating Scandinavian and Gaelic ancestry in the male settlers of Iceland". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 67 (3): 697–717. doi:10.1086/303046. PMC 1287529. PMID 10931763
  11. ^ Ornella Semino et al 2000, The Genetic Legacy of Paleolithic Homo sapiens sapiens in Extant Europeans: A Y Chromosome Perspective
  12. ^ Wilson J, Weiss D, Richards M, Thomas M, Bradman N, Goldstein D (2001). "Genetic evidence for different male and female roles during cultural transitions in the British Isles". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98 (9): 5078–83. Bibcode:2001PNAS...98.5078W. doi:10.1073/pnas.071036898. JSTOR 3055567. PMC 33166. PMID 11287634
  13. ^ Adams S, King T, Bosch E, Jobling M (2006). "The case of the unreliable SNP: recurrent back-mutation of Y-chromosomal marker P25 through gene conversion". Forensic Sci. Int. 159 (1): 14–20. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2005.06.003. PMID 16026953
  14. ^ Lobov. Y chromosome analysis in subpopulations of Bashkirs from Russia
  15. ^ Kivisild T., Rootsi S, Metspalu M, Mastana S, Kaldma K, Parik J, Metspalu E, Adojaan M et al. (2003). “The Genetic Heritage of the Earliest Settlers Persists Both in Indian Tribal and Caste Populations”. American Journal of Human Genetics 72 (2): 313–332. doi:10.1086/346068. PMC 379225. PMID 12536373. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC379225/. 
  16. ^ Wells. The Eurasian Heartland: A continental perspective on Y-chromosome diversity. http://www.pnas.org/content/98/18/10244.full. 
  17. ^ Underhill, Peter A; Myres, Natalie M; Rootsi, Siiri; Metspalu, Mait; Zhivotovsky, Lev A; King, Roy J; Lin, Alice A; Chow, Cheryl-Emiliane T et al. (2009). “Separating the post-Glacial coancestry of European and Asian Y chromosomes within haplogroup R1a”. European Journal of Human Genetics 18 (4): 479–84. doi:10.1038/ejhg.2009.194. PMC 2987245. PMID 19888303. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2987245/. 
  18. ^ en:Y-DNA haplogroups in South Asian populations

参考文献[編集]


関連項目[編集]

外部リンク[編集]

ヒトY染色体ハプログループ系統樹
Y染色体アダム (Y-MRCA)
A0 A1
A1a A1b
A1b1 BT
B CT
DE CF
D E C F
G H IJK
IJ K
I J K1 K2
L T MS NO P K2*
N O Q R