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ロジャヴァ革命

出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』


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915200西[1]

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2004西1980301002004[2][3]

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[4][4]1962調1220%[5] 1945[5][5]2011156[6]20111

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2011[7]調[7][7]

20113713[7]3[8]312[9]

201134[10]

201187Mashaal Tammo20[11]920Mahmoud Wali[12]

8201172011

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2013

201153112[13] 8122Kurdish Leftist PartyShelal Gado2500[14]Kurdish Freedom PartyAbdulbaqi Yusuf[15]

PYD[16]

PKK201111PKKPKK[17]PKKMurat Karayılan[18]

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2012722YPG

201132012611PYDKNC7712[19][20][21]

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YPG201271920Amuda[22]3PYDKNC退[22][23]

YPG72110[24][25]YPG[26]YPGAl-DarbasiyahDirbêsî退YPG1[27]

退[28]退[29]724 PYDAl-Ma'bada16退YGP[30]

20112012[31]

20147ISIL916YPG20151ISIL退ISIL[32]

ロジャヴァ自治政府の発足[編集]


201281退退YPGAmudaAmudeTerbaspi[33]

201282調[34][35]

8退[36][37]

YPG201419YPGISIS退

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revolutionYPG[38][39][32][40]PKKPKK1999[32]en:Anarchist Catalonia[41][38]YPG20127191937719[38]

[41]David Romano[41]使[41][40]

調[41][39][40][32][41][41]

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3001[42]

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40[43]

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[44]

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[45]

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[46]

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YPG18

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201510YPG

(一) (Efrîn)[47]

(二)Al-Darbasiyah (Dirbêsî)[27]

(三)AlJawadiyah (Çil Axa)[48]

(四)Al-Ma'bada (Girkê Legê)[30]

(五) (Dêrika Hemko)[47]

(六)Al-Qahtaniyah (Tirbespî)[49][50]

(七)Ali Kuz (Aali Kôz)[51]

(八)Ashrafiyeh (Eşrefiye)[52]

(九)Amuda (Amûdê)[47]

(十) (Kobanê)[47]

(11)Ain Diwar (Eyndîwer)[53]

(12)Jindires (Cindirês)[49]

(13)Rajo (Raco)[54]

(14) (Serêkanî)[47]

(15)Sheikh Maqsoud (Şêx Meqsûd)[52]

(16)Tel Adas (Girzîro)[55][56]

(17)Rumeylan[50]

(18)Tell Tamer (Girê Xurma[57])[58]

(19)Al-Yarubiya (Tel Koçer)

(20)Suluk or Saluq [59]

(21) (Girê spî)[60]

(22)Ayn Issa (Bozanî)[61]

(23)Sarrin (Zêrîn)[62][63]


YGP360[64]

関連項目[編集]

参考文献[編集]



(一)^ CIA  The World Factbook.  CIA. 2012216

(二)^ Brandon, James (21 February 2007). The PKK and Syria's Kurds. Terrorism Monitor (Washington, DC: The Jamestown Foundation) 5 (3). http://www.jamestown.org/programs/gta/single/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=1014&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=182&no_cache=1 201221. 

(三)^ Isseroff, Ami (2004324). Kurdish agony  the forgotten massacre of Qamishlo. MideastWeb. 2012216

(四)^ abhttp://remmm.revues.org/6481

(五)^ abcSYRIA THE SILENCED KURDS. Human Rights watch (199610). 19 October, 2015

(六)^ Minority Kurds struggle for recognition in Syrian revolt. The Daily Star Lebanon. (2012331). http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2012/Mar-31/168622-minority-kurds-struggle-for-recognition-in-syrian-revolt.ashx#axzz21XpGFIlr 2012727 

(七)^ abcdIddon, Paul (2012730). A recap of the Syrian crisis to date. Digital Journal. http://www.digitaljournal.com/article/329590 2013920 

(八)^ Jailed Kurds on Syria hunger strike: rights group. Agence France-Presse. (2011310). http://www.ekurd.net/mismas/articles/misc2011/3/syriakurd291.htm 2015730 

(九)^ Khatib, Lina; Lust, Ellen (1 May 2014). Taking to the Streets: The Transformation of Arab Activism. JHU Press. p. 161. ISBN 1421413132. https://books.google.com/books?id=6Sh8AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA161&lpg=PA161&dq=qamishlo+protest+march+12,+2011&source=bl&ots=ORYo-JXMXG&sig=LzKtnTEU16F4Hb9tYF6JB6uMiyo&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAmoVChMIseCWtNSExwIVSRWSCh2dqAAr#v=onepage&q=qamishlo%20protest%20march%2012%2C%202011&f=false 2015731 

(十)^ Many arrested in Syria after protests. Al Jazeera. (201142). http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2011/04/20114211257594538.html 20131218 

(11)^ Syria security forces 'open fire at Kurd's funeral'. BBC News. (2012727). http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-15227172 201221 

(12)^ Prominent Kurdish activist Mahmoud Wali, known as Abu Ghandi, gunned down in northeast Syria, activists say. AlJazeera. (2012921). http://blogs.aljazeera.com/topic/syria/prominent-kurdish-activist-mahmoud-wali-known-abu-ghandi-gunned-down-northeast-syria 2012929 

(13)^ Turkish policy towards Kurds leads to boycott of Antalya Conference by Kurdish parties in Syria. KURDISTAN COMMENTARY (2011529). 19 October, 2015

(14)^ Furuhashi, Yoshie (2011529). Syrian Kurdish Parties Boycott Syrian Opposition Conference in Antalya, Turkey. Monthly Review. 20111113

(15)^ Most Syrian Kurdish Parties Boycott Opposition Gathering. Rudaw (2011829). 20 October, 201520111113

(16)^ Bruneau, Eric (20111113). Kurdish Leader: We Oppose Foreign Intervention in Syria. Rudaw. 20 October,2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20120508083433/http://www.rudaw.net/english/news/syria/4142.html 2012120 

(17)^ Syria's Kurds: are they about to join the uprising against Assad?. Kurdish Globe. 2011103020111113

(18)^ End to Turkey's Kurdish conflict fades from sight. The Daily Star Lebanon. (2012323). http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2012/Mar-23/167766-end-to-turkeys-kurdish-conflict-fades-from-sight.ashx#axzz1pyeOIpkO 2012730 

(19)^ Syrian Kurds Try to Maintain Unity. Rudaw. (2012717). 2012723. https://web.archive.org/web/20120723012730/http://www.rudaw.net/english/news/syria/4964.html 2012727 

(20)^ Syria: Massive protests in Qamishli, Homs. CNTV. (2011519). http://english.cntv.cn/program/newsupdate/20110519/103075.shtml 2012727 

(21)^ Syrian Kurdish Official: Now Kurds are in Charge of their Fate. Rudaw. (2012727). 20 October, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20120718074340/http://www.rudaw.net/english/news/syria/4964.html 2012730 

(22)^ abMore Kurdish Cities Liberated As Syrian Army Withdraws from Area. Rudaw. (2012720). 20 October, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20120721142617/http://www.rudaw.net/english/kurds/4978.html 2012727 

(23)^ After quiet revolt, power struggle looms for Syria's Kurds.  Mobile.reuters.com. 2013118

(24)^ City of Derik taken by Kurds in Northeast Syria. Firat news. (2012721). 201282. https://web.archive.org/web/20120802071420/http://en.firatnews.com/index.php?rupel=article&nuceID=4957 2012727 

(25)^ Ban: Syrian regime 'failed to protect civilians'. CNN. (2012722). https://edition.cnn.com/2012/07/21/world/meast/syria-unrest/index.html?hpt=hp_t2 2012727 

(26)^ Clashes between Kurds and Syrian army in the Kurdish city of Qamişlo, Western Kurdistan. Ekurd.net. (2012721). http://www.ekurd.net/mismas/articles/misc2012/7/syriakurd542.htm 2012727 

(27)^ abArmed Kurds Surround Syrian Security Forces in Qamishli. Rudaw. (2012722). 20 October, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20120724224808/http://www.rudaw.net/english/news/syria/4984.html 2012727 

(28)^ Fight For Kobane May Have Created A New Alliance In Syria: Kurds And The Assad Regime. International Business Times (8 October, 2014). 19 October, 2015

(29)^ Fighting in Syria indicates Bashar Assad's end isn't imminent. Charlotteobserver.com. (2012723). http://www.charlotteobserver.com/2012/07/23/3400914/fighting-in-syria-indicates-bashar.html 2012727 []

(30)^ abGirke Lege Becomes Sixth Kurdish City Liberated in Syria. Rudaw. (2012724). 20 October, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20121129100410/http://www.rudaw.net/english/news/syria/4992.html 2012727 

(31)^ After Damascus attack, Syria vows to strike with 'iron fist'. CNN. (201216). https://edition.cnn.com/2012/01/06/world/meast/syria-unrest/index.html 201216 

(32)^ abcdKurdish autonomy between dream and reality. /roarmag.org (4 June, 2015). 19 October, 2015

(33)^ Davies, Wyre (2012727). Crisis in Syria emboldens country's Kurds. BBC News. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-19021766 201283 

(34)^ PYD Press Release: A call for support and protection of the peaceful establishment, the self-governed Rojava region | هيئة التنسيق الوطنية لقوى التغيير الديمقراطي.  Syrianncb.org (2012224). 20129152012820

(35)^ Syria  News.  Peter Clifford Online. 2012820

(36)^ Kurds take control in Syria's northeast. Syria Live Blog (Al Jazeera English). (2012812). http://blogs.aljazeera.com/topic/syria/kurds-take-control-syrias-northeast 2013210 

(37)^ Explosion at intelligence center in Qamishli, Syrian Kurdistan.  Ekurd.net. 2012820

(38)^ abcFrom Catalonia to Kurdistan. Rudaw (10 October, 2015). 19 October, 2015

(39)^ abRojava: A Syrian Success Story. George Watson's College. 19 October, 2015

(40)^ abcThe Rojava Revolution and the Liberation of Kobani. teleSUR (2015212). 19 October, 2015

(41)^ abcdefgThe Rojava revolution. openDemocracy (15 March, 2015). 19 October, 2015

(42)^ The Revolution in Rojava.  Dissent Magazin. 201593

(43)^ Gender and justice in an emerging nation: My impressions of Rojava, Syrian Kurdistan. 20151017

(44)^ Joint statement of the academic delegation to Rojava. 201593

(45)^ Rojavas Threefold Economy. 201593

(46)^ only chance for a just peace in the Middle East?. 201593

(47)^ abcdeLiberated Kurdish Cities in Syria Move into Next Phase. Rudaw. (2012725). 20 October, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20120728023132/http://www.rudaw.net/english/news/syria/4999.html 2012728 

(48)^ ENKS li Çil Axa li gel cemawerê xwe civiya (Kurdish). Rudaw. (201295). http://www.rudaw.net/kurmanci/rojava/15041.html 2012129 []

(49)^ abTyrkisk avis: Kurdistan nr. 2 bliver dannet (Danish). Jiyan.dk. (2012722). http://jiyan.dk/2012/07/tyrkisk-avis-kurdistan-nr-2-bliver-dannet/ 2012728 

(50)^ abRebels capture prison in northern Syria. The Australian. (201333). http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/breaking-news/rebels-capture-prison-in-northern-syria/story-fn3dxix6-1226589437962 201333 

(51)^  (Arabic)Ciwane Kurd. http://ciwanekurd.net/index.php/2011-12-26-15-15-44/5612-2012-09-05-00-20-32+201295 []

(52)^ abSYRIA WITNESS: Aleppo Braces for Onslaught From Assad's 4th Brigade. Middle East Voices. (2012727). http://middleeastvoices.voanews.com/2012/07/syria-witness-aleppo-braces-for-onslaught-from-assads-4th-brigade-69086/ 2012729 

(53)^ A tough liberation for Syrias Kurds. CNN. (2012823). http://globalpublicsquare.blogs.cnn.com/2012/08/23/a-tough-liberation-for-syrias-kurds/ 2012129 

(54)^ Qamişlo: Komeke ciwanan ya nêzîkî Yekîtî nîşandaneke leşkerî li dar dixe (Kurdish). Kurdwatch.org. (20121129). http://www.kurdwatch.org/index?aid=2696&z=ku&cure=247 2012129 

(55)^ Suriye ordusu YPG kuşatmasındaki Girzîro'yu bombaladı (Turkish). Özgür Gündem. (2013120). http://www.ozgur-gundem.com/index.php?haberID=62066&haberBaslik=Suriye%20ordusu%20YPG%20ku%C5%9Fatmas%C4%B1ndaki%20Girz%C3%AEro'yu%20bombalad%C4%B1&action=haber_detay&module=nuce 2013120 

(56)^ Girzîroda 31 asker daha YPGye teslim oldu (Turkish). ANF. (2013120). http://www.anf.bz/index.php?rupel=nuce&nuceID=74517 2013120 

(57)^ ISIS Attacks Tell Tamer. Peyamner News Agency (in Kurdish) (2015215). 2015228

(58)^ Kurds seize two towns in Syrias north-east. Gulfnews.com. (20121110). http://gulfnews.com/in-focus/syria/kurds-seize-two-towns-in-syria-s-north-east-1.1102531 20121110 

(59)^ Lefteris Pitarakis; Bassem Mrque (2015614). Thousands of Syrians flee into Turkey amid intense fighting. AP The Big Story. Associated Press. http://bigstory.ap.org/article/7f62663318e94589bf6097825914a088/kurds-nearing-key-islamic-state-held-syrian-border-town 2015615 

(60)^ Master. YPG and rebels take full control on Tal Abiad city. Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. 2015630

(61)^ AFP (201578). Syria Kurds hunt jihadists after retaking town near IS bastion. 2015715

(62)^ Kurds cut key IS supply route in northern Syria: monitor (2015727). 2015727[]

(63)^ Syrian Kurds capture town from ISIS in north: activists. 2015727

(64)^ Kurdish muscle flexing. Jerusalem Post. (20121114). http://www.jpost.com/Features/InThespotlight/Article.aspx?id=291764 20121114