Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EIF5A gene.[5]
It is the only known protein to contain the unusual amino acid hypusine [Nε-(4-amino-2-hydroxybutyl)-lysine], which is synthesized on eIF5A at a specific lysine residue from the polyamine spermidine by two catalytic steps.[6]
EF-P is the bacterial homolog of eIF5A, which is modified post-translationally in a similar but distinct way.[7][8] Both proteins are believed to catalyze peptide bond formation and help resolve ribosomal stalls, making them elongation factors despite the "initiation factor" name originally assigned.[9]
Germline deleterious heterozygous EIF5A variants cause Faundes-Banka syndrome.[10][11] This rare human disorder is characterized by variable combinations of developmental delay, microcephaly, micrognathia and dysmorphic features. It was named after Víctor Faundes and Siddharth Banka.
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