コンテンツにスキップ

フィールズ賞

出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』
フィールズ賞
フィールズ・メダル(表面)

 : TRANSIRE SUUM PECTUS MUNDOQUE POTIRI[1][2][3][4]
受賞対象傑出した業績をあげた40歳以下の数学者
主催国際数学者会議 (ICM)
初回1936年
公式サイトInternational Mathematical Union (IMU) Details

 (John Charles Fields, 1863 - 1932) 1936[5][6][7]

[]


4 (ICM) 40[ 1]24[5]ICM

[10][11]4402442199845

西[12][12]1970[13]2014[14][15]

[5]2024退

[]


[14][16][ 2]40[7]

198019782000

2002

2014
比較項目 数学ブレイクスルー賞 ミレニアム懸賞問題 ノーベル賞 アーベル賞 フィールズ賞
第1回 2015年 (創設は2000年) 1901年 2003年 1936年
実施間隔 1年 不定 1年 1年 4年
年齢制限 なし なし なし なし 40歳以下
賞金額 約3億円 約1億円 約1億円 約1億円 約200万円
授賞分野の制限 特になし 特定業績のみ 数学を対象としない 特になし 特になし

東洋人の受賞者[編集]


2024195419701990351990

31982200620102014201420226

[]


 - 
1936年オスロ
Awarded medal for research on covering surfaces related to Riemann surfaces of inverse functions of entire and meromorphic functions. Opened up new fields of analysis.
Did important work of the Plateau problem which is concerned with finding minimal surfaces connecting and determined by some fixed boundary.
1950年ケンブリッジ
Developed the theory of distributions, a new notion of generalized function motivated by the Dirac delta-function of theoretical physics.
Developed generalizations of the sieve methods of Viggo Brun; achieved major results on zeros of the Riemann zeta function; gave an elementary proof of the prime number theorem (with P. Erdős), with a generalization to prime numbers in an arbitrary arithmetic progression.
1954年アムステルダム
Achieved major results in the theory of harmonic integrals and numerous applications to Kählerian and more specifically to algebraic varieties. He demonstrated, by sheaf cohomology, that such varieties are Hodge manifolds.
Achieved major results on the homotopy groups of spheres, especially in his use of the method of spectral sequences. Reformulated and extended some of the main results of complex variable theory in terms of sheaves.
1958年エディンバラ
Solved in 1955 the famous Thue-Siegel problem concerning the approximation to algebraic numbers by rational numbers and proved in 1952 that a sequence with no three numbers in arithmetic progression has zero density (a conjecture of Erdös and Turán of 1935).
In 1954 invented and developed the theory of cobordism in algebraic topology. This classification of manifolds used homotopy theory in a fundamental way and became a prime example of a general cohomology theory.
1962年ストックホルム
Worked in partial differential equations. Specifically, contributed to the general theory of linear differential operators. The questions go back to one of Hilbert's problems at the 1900 congress.
Proved that a 7-dimensional sphere can have several differential structures; this led to the creation of the field of differential topology.
1966年モスクワ
Did joint work with Hirzebruch in K-theory; proved jointly with Singer the index theorem of elliptic operators on complex manifolds; worked in collaboration with Bott to prove a fixed point theorem related to the "Lefschetz formula".
Used technique called "forcing" to prove the independence in set theory of the axiom of choice and of the generalized continuum hypothesis. The latter problem was the first of Hilbert's problems of the 1900 Congress.
Built on work of Weil and Zariski and effected fundamental advances in algebraic geometry. He introduced the idea of K-theory (the Grothendieck groups and rings). Revolutionized homological algebra in his celebrated "Tohoku paper"
Worked in differential topology where he proved the generalized Poincaré conjecture in dimension n≥5: Every closed, n-dimensional manifold homotopy-equivalent to the n-dimensional sphere is homeomorphic to it. Introduced the method of handle-bodies to solve this and related problems.
1970年ニース
Generalized the Gelfond-Schneider theorem (the solution to Hilbert's seventh problem). From this work he generated transcendental numbers not previously identified.
Generalized work of Zariski who had proved for dimension ≤3 the theorem concerning the resolution of singularities on an algebraic variety. Hironaka proved the results in any dimension.
Made important advances in topology, the most well-known being his proof of the topological invariance of the Pontrjagin classes of the differentiable manifold. His work included a study of the cohomology and homotopy of Thom spaces.
Proved jointly with W. Feit that all non-cyclic finite simple groups have even order. The extension of this work by Thompson determined the minimal simple finite groups, that is, the simple finite groups whose proper subgroups are solvable.
1974年バンクーバー
Major contributions in the primes, in univalent functions and the local Bieberbach conjecture, in theory of functions of several complex variables, and in theory of partial differential equations and minimal surfaces - in particular, to the solution of Bernstein's problem in higher dimensions.
Contributed to problems of the existence and structure of varieties of moduli, varieties whose points parametrize isomorphism classes of some type of geometric object. Also made several important contributions to the theory of algebraic surfaces.
1978年ヘルシンキ
Gave solution of the three Weil conjectures concerning generalizations of the Riemann hypothesis to finite fields. His work did much to unify algebraic geometry and algebraic number theory.
Contributed several innovations that revised the study of multidimensional complex analysis by finding correct generalizations of classical (low-dimensional) results.
Provided innovative analysis of the structure of Lie groups. His work belongs to combinatorics, differential geometry, ergodic theory, dynamical systems, and Lie groups.
The prime architect of the higher algebraic K-theory, a new tool that successfully employed geometric and topological methods and ideas to formulate and solve major problems in algebra, particularly ring theory and module theory.
1982年ワルシャワ
Contributed to the theory of operator algebras, particularly the general classification and structure theorem of factors of type III, classification of automorphisms of the hyperfinite factor, classification of injective factors, and applications of the theory of C*-algebras to foliations and differential geometry in general.
Revolutionized study of topology in 2 and 3 dimensions, showing interplay between analysis, topology, and geometry. Contributed idea that a very large class of closed 3-manifolds carry a hyperbolic structure.
Made contributions in differential equations, also to the Calabi conjecture in algebraic geometry, to the positive mass conjecture of general relativity theory, and to real and complex Monge-Ampère equations.
1986年バークレー
Received medal primarily for his work on topology of four-manifolds, especially for showing that there is a differential structure on euclidian four-space which is different from the usual structure.
Using methods of arithmetic algebraic geometry, he received medal primarily for his proof of the Mordell Conjecture.
Developed new methods for topological analysis of four-manifolds. One of his results is a proof of the four-dimensional Poincaré Conjecture.
1990年京都
For his work on quantum groups and for his work in number theory.
for his discovery of an unexpected link between the mathematical study of knots – a field that dates back to the 19th century – and statistical mechanics, a form of mathematics used to study complex systems with large numbers of components.
for the proof of Hartshorne’s conjecture and his work on the classification of three-dimensional algebraic varieties.
proof in 1981 of the positive energy theorem in general relativity
1994年チューリッヒ
Bourgain's work touches on several central topics of mathematical analysis: the geometry of Banach spaces, convexity in high dimensions, harmonic analysis, ergodic theory, and finally, nonlinear partial differential equations from mathematical physics.
... such nonlinear partial differential equation simply do not have smooth or even C1 solutions existing after short times. ... The only option is therefore to search for some kind of "weak" solution. This undertaking is in effect to figure out how to allow for certain kinds of "physically correct" singularities and how to forbid others. ... Lions and Crandall at last broke open the problem by focusing attention on viscosity solutions, which are defined in terms of certain inequalities holding wherever the graph of the solution is touched on one side or the other by a smooth test function
proving stability properties - dynamic stability, such as that sought for the solar system, or structural stability, meaning persistence under parameter changes of the global properties of the system.
For his solution to the restricted Burnside problem.
1998年ベルリン
for his work on the introduction of vertex algebras, the proof of the Moonshine conjecture and for his discovery of a new class of automorphic infinite products
William Timothy Gowers has provided important contributions to functional analysis, making extensive use of methods from combination theory. These two fields apparently have little to do with each other, and a significant achievement of Gowers has been to combine these fruitfully.
contributions to four problems of geometry
He has made important contributions to various branches of the theory of dynamical systems, such as the algorithmic study of polynomial equations, the study of the distribution of the points of a lattice of a Lie group, hyperbolic geometry, holomorphic dynamics and the renormalization of maps of the interval.
2002年北京
Laurent Lafforgue has been awarded the Fields Medal for his proof of the Langlands correspondence for the full linear groups

GLr (r≥1) over function fields.

he defined and developed motivic cohomology and the A1-homotopy theory of algebraic varieties; he proved the Milnor conjectures on the K-theory of fields
2006年マドリード
for his contributions to partial differential equations, combinatorics, harmonic analysis and additive number theory
for his contributions to geometry and his revolutionary insights into the analytical and geometric structure of the Ricci flow
for his contributions bridging probability, representation theory and algebraic geometry
for his contributions to the development of stochastic Loewner evolution, the geometry of two-dimensional Brownian motion, and conformal field theory
2010年ハイデラバード[18]
For his results on measure rigidity in ergodic theory, and their applications to number theory.
For the proof of conformal invariance of percolation and the planar Ising model in statistical physics.
For his proof of the Fundamental Lemma in the theory of automorphic forms through the introduction of new algebro-geometric methods.
For his proofs of nonlinear Landau damping and convergence to equilibrium for the Boltzmann equation.
2014年ソウル[19]
for her outstanding contributions to the dynamics and geometry of Riemann surfaces and their moduli spaces.
for his profound contributions to dynamical systems theory have changed the face of the field, using the powerful idea of renormalization as a unifying principle.
for developing powerful new methods in the geometry of numbers, which he applied to count rings of small rank and to bound the average rank of elliptic curves.
for his outstanding contributions to the theory of stochastic partial differential equations, and in particular for the creation of a theory of regularity structures for such equations.
2018年リオデジャネイロ[20]
For the proof of the boundedness of Fano varieties and for contributions to the minimal model program.
For contributions to the theory of optimal transport and its applications in partial differential equations, metric geometry and probability.
For transforming arithmetic algebraic geometry over p-adic fields through his introduction of perfectoid spaces, with application to Galois representations, and for the development of new cohomology theories.
For his synthesis of analytic number theory, homogeneous dynamics, topology, and representation theory, which has resolved long-standing problems in areas such as the equidistribution of arithmetic objects.
2022年(オンライン開催[注釈 3][21]
For solving longstanding problems in the probabilistic theory of phase transitions in statistical physics, especially in dimensions three and four.
For bringing the ideas of Hodge theory to combinatorics, the proof of the Dowling–Wilson conjecture for geometric lattices, the proof of the Heron–Rota–Welsh conjecture for matroids, the development of the theory of Lorentzian polynomials, and the proof of the strong Mason conjecture.
For contributions to analytic number theory, which have led to major advances in the understanding of the structure of prime numbers and in Diophantine approximation.
解析的整数論に貢献し,素数の構造理解とディオファントス近似の理解に大きな進歩をもたらした[22]
For the proof that the lattice provides the densest packing of identical spheres in 8 dimensions, and further contributions to related extremal problems and interpolation problems in Fourier analysis.
球充填問題を8次元と24次元で解決したことや,フーリエ解析における極値および補間問題への更なる貢献が評価[22]

国籍別の受賞者数[編集]

受賞時の国籍が基準。二重国籍はそれぞれの国に1個。国旗は現在のもの。ただし、消滅した国の国旗は最後の受賞者の受賞時のもの。(2022年7月現在)

受賞数
アメリカ合衆国の旗 アメリカ合衆国 14
フランスの旗 フランス 14
ロシアの旗 ロシア
ソビエト連邦の旗 ソビエト連邦を含む)
9
イギリスの旗 イギリス 9
日本の旗 日本 3
オーストラリアの旗 オーストラリア
 ウクライナ
ベルギーの旗 ベルギー
ドイツの旗 ドイツ
イランの旗 イラン
イタリアの旗 イタリア
2
 オーストリア
ブラジルの旗 ブラジル
カナダの旗 カナダ
 フィンランド
イスラエルの旗 イスラエル
 ノルウェー
ニュージーランドの旗 ニュージーランド
 スウェーデン
 ベトナム
大韓民国の旗 韓国
1

脚注[編集]

注釈[編集]



(一)^ 1140[8]1966ICM[9]

(二)^ [17]

(三)^ 

出典[編集]



(一)^  2013, p. 27.

(二)^ Tropp 1976, p. 181.

(三)^ Riehm 2002, p. 781.

(四)^ Curbera 2009, p. 111.

(五)^ abcFields Medal.  . 2021126

(六)^  2

(七)^ ab 2013.

(八)^ Curbera 2009, p. 110.

(九)^ Barany 2015, p. 17.

(十)^ 2006 Fields Medals awarded (PDF). Notices of the American Mathematical Society (American Mathematical Society) 53 (9): 1037-1044. (2006-10). http://www.ams.org/notices/200609/comm-prize-fields.pdf 2021126. 

(11)^ ICM2010IMU.   (2010819). 2021126

(12)^ abFields Medals Are Concentrated in Mathematical Families.  SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN. 2021125

(13)^  2013, p. 19.

(14)^ ab.  AFPBB News (2014813). 2021126

(15)^  2013, p. 34.

(16)^  &  1985.

(17)^ F.    20101125148-149ISBN 978-4-254-10247-5 

(18)^ ICM 2010, p. 23.

(19)^ International Congress of Mathematicians (2014). Awards. 2021126

(20)^ International Mathematical Union (IMU) (2018). Fields Medals 2018. 2021126

(21)^ International Mathematical Union (IMU) (2022). Fields Medals 2022. 202275

(22)^ ab2022 . 2022730

[]


Barany, Michael J. (2015). The myth and the medal (PDF). Notices Amer. Math. Soc. 62: 1520. MR3308164. Zbl 1338.01009. http://www.ams.org/notices/201501/rnoti-p15.pdf 2021126. 

Curbera, Guillermo P. (2009). Mathematicians of the World, Unite!: The International Congress of MathematiciansA Human Endeavor. A. K. Peters. p. 110118. doi:10.1201/b10584. ISBN 978-1-56881-330-1. MR2499757. Zbl 1166.01001. https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=9uDqBgAAQBAJ 

Monastyrsky, Michael (1997). Modern Mathematics in the Light of the Fields Medals. A. K. Peters. ISBN 1-56881-065-2. MR1427488. Zbl 0874.01014 
 ︿2013610ISBN 978-4-480-09543-5  - 

Riehm, Carl (2002). The early history of the Fields Medal. Notices Amer. Math. Soc. 49: 778782. MR1911718. Zbl 1126.01301. http://www.ams.org/notices/200207/comm-riehm.pdf. 

Tropp, Henry S. (1976). The origins and history of the Fields Medal. Historia Math. 3: 167181. doi:10.1016/0315-0860(76)90033-1. MR0505005. Zbl 0326.01007. 

()1985ISBN 4333011957 

[]


R. Bhatia et al., ed (2010). Proceedings of the International Congress of Mathematicians: Hyderabad 2010. I. World Scientific Publishing. ISBN 978-981-4324-31-1. MR2840854. https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=GFE1vx2pynMC 

[]


Atiyah, Michael; Iagolnitzer, Daniel (1997). Fields Medalists' Lectures. World Scientific Series in 20th Century Mathematics. 5. World Scientific Publishing. doi:10.1142/3445. ISBN 981-02-3117-2. MR1622945 

Riehm, Elaine McKinnon (2010), The Fields Medal: Serendipity and J. L. Synge, Fields Notes 10: 12.

Riehm, Elaine McKinnon; Hoffman, Frances (2011). Turbulent Times in Mathematics: The Life of J.C. Fields and the History of the Fields Medal. AMS. doi:10.1090/mbk/080. ISBN 978-0-8218-6914-7. MR2850575. Zbl 1247.01047. https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=h8S_AwAAQBAJ 

︿19853ISBN 978-4-5357-0224-0 

 ︿201358ISBN 978-4-4800-9543-5 

[]
















[]


 2 -