ACTA2 (actin alpha 2) is an actin protein with several aliases including alpha-actin, alpha-actin-2, aortic smooth muscleoralpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA, SMactin, alpha-SM-actin, ASMA). Actins are a familyofglobular multi-functional proteins that form microfilaments. ACTA2 is one of 6 different actin isoforms and is involved in the contractile apparatus of smooth muscle. ACTA2 (as with all the actins) is extremely highly conserved and found in nearly all mammals.
In humans, ACTA2 is encoded by the ACTA2 gene located on 10q22-q24.[5][6] Mutations in this gene cause a variety of vascular diseases, such as thoracic aortic disease, coronary artery disease, stroke, Moyamoya disease, and multisystemic smooth muscle dysfunction syndrome.[5]
ACTA2 (commonly referred to as alpha-smooth muscle actin or α-SMA) is often used as a marker of myofibroblast formation.[7] Studies have shown that ACTA2 is associated with TGF-β pathway that enhances contractile properties of hepatic stellate cells leading to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis.[8]
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PDB gallery
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1atn: Atomic structure of the actin:DNASE I complex
1c0f: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF DICTYOSTELIUM CAATP-ACTIN IN COMPLEX WITH GELSOLIN SEGMENT 1
1c0g: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF 1:1 COMPLEX BETWEEN GELSOLIN SEGMENT 1 AND A DICTYOSTELIUM/TETRAHYMENA CHIMERA ACTIN (MUTANT 228: Q228K/T229A/A230Y/E360H)
1d4x: Crystal Structure of Caenorhabditis Elegans Mg-ATP Actin Complexed with Human Gelsolin Segment 1 at 1.75 A resolution.
1dej: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF A DICTYOSTELIUM/TETRAHYMENA CHIMERA ACTIN (MUTANT 646: Q228K/T229A/A230Y/A231K/S232E/E360H) IN COMPLEX WITH HUMAN GELSOLIN SEGMENT 1
1eqy: COMPLEX BETWEEN RABBIT MUSCLE ALPHA-ACTIN: HUMAN GELSOLIN DOMAIN 1
1esv: COMPLEX BETWEEN LATRUNCULIN A:RABBIT MUSCLE ALPHA ACTIN:HUMAN GELSOLIN DOMAIN 1
1h1v: GELSOLIN G4-G6/ACTIN COMPLEX
1hlu: STRUCTURE OF BOVINE BETA-ACTIN-PROFILIN COMPLEX WITH ACTIN BOUND ATP PHOSPHATES SOLVENT ACCESSIBLE
1ijj: THE X-RAY CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE COMPLEX BETWEEN RABBIT SKELETAL MUSCLE ACTIN AND LATRUNCULIN A AT 2.85 A RESOLUTION
1j6z: UNCOMPLEXED ACTIN
1kxp: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF HUMAN VITAMIN D-BINDING PROTEIN IN COMPLEX WITH SKELETAL ACTIN
1lcu: Polylysine Induces an Antiparallel Actin Dimer that Nucleates Filament Assembly: Crystal Structure at 3.5 A Resolution
1lot: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE COMPLEX OF ACTIN WITH VITAMIN D-BINDING PROTEIN
1m8q: Molecular Models of Averaged Rigor Crossbridges from Tomograms of Insect Flight Muscle
1ma9: Crystal structure of the complex of human vitamin D binding protein and rabbit muscle actin
1mdu: Crystal structure of the chicken actin trimer complexed with human gelsolin segment 1 (GS-1)
1mvw: MOLECULAR MODELS OF AVERAGED RIGOR CROSSBRIDGES FROM TOMOGRAMS OF INSECT FLIGHT MUSCLE
1nlv: Crystal Structure Of Dictyostelium Discoideum Actin Complexed With Ca ATP And Human Gelsolin Segment 1
1nm1: Crystal Structure of D. Dicsoideum Actin Complexed With Gelsolin Segment 1 and Mg ATP at 1.8 A Resolution
1nmd: Crystal Structure of D. Discoideum Actin-Gelsolin Segment 1 Complex Crystallized In Presence Of Lithium ATP
1nwk: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF MONOMERIC ACTIN IN THE ATP STATE
1o18: MOLECULAR MODELS OF AVERAGED RIGOR CROSSBRIDGES FROM TOMOGRAMS OF INSECT FLIGHT MUSCLE
1o19: MOLECULAR MODELS OF AVERAGED RIGOR CROSSBRIDGES FROM TOMOGRAMS OF INSECT FLIGHT MUSCLE
1o1a: MOLECULAR MODELS OF AVERAGED RIGOR CROSSBRIDGES FROM TOMOGRAMS OF INSECT FLIGHT MUSCLE
1o1b: MOLECULAR MODELS OF AVERAGED RIGOR CROSSBRIDGES FROM TOMOGRAMS OF INSECT FLIGHT MUSCLE
1o1c: MOLECULAR MODELS OF AVERAGED RIGOR CROSSBRIDGES FROM TOMOGRAMS OF INSECT FLIGHT MUSCLE
1o1d: MOLECULAR MODELS OF AVERAGED RIGOR CROSSBRIDGES FROM TOMOGRAMS OF INSECT FLIGHT MUSCLE
1o1e: MOLECULAR MODELS OF AVERAGED RIGOR CROSSBRIDGES FROM TOMOGRAMS OF INSECT FLIGHT MUSCLE
1o1f: MOLECULAR MODELS OF AVERAGED RIGOR CROSSBRIDGES FROM TOMOGRAMS OF INSECT FLIGHT MUSCLE
1o1g: MOLECULAR MODELS OF AVERAGED RIGOR CROSSBRIDGES FROM TOMOGRAMS OF INSECT FLIGHT MUSCLE
1p8z: Complex Between Rabbit Muscle alpha-Actin: Human Gelsolin Residues Val26-Glu156
1qz5: Structure of rabbit actin in complex with kabiramide C
1qz6: Structure of rabbit actin in complex with jaspisamide A
1rdw: Actin Crystal Dynamics: Structural Implications for F-actin Nucleation, Polymerization and Branching Mediated by the Anti-parallel Dimer
1rfq: Actin Crystal Dynamics: Structural Implications for F-actin Nucleation, Polymerization and Branching Mediated by the Anti-parallel Dimer
1rgi: Crystal structure of gelsolin domains G1-G3 bound to actin
1s22: Absolute Stereochemistry of Ulapualide A
1sqk: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF CIBOULOT IN COMPLEX WITH SKELETAL ACTIN
1t44: Structural basis of actin sequestration by thymosin-B4: Implications for arp2/3 activation
1wua: The structure of Aplyronine A-actin complex
1y64: Bni1p Formin Homology 2 Domain complexed with ATP-actin
1yxq: Crystal structure of actin in complex with swinholide A
2a3z: Ternary complex of the WH2 domain of WASP with Actin-DNAse I
2a40: Ternary complex of the WH2 domain of WAVE with Actin-DNAse I
2a41: Ternary complex of the WH2 Domain of WIP with Actin-DNAse I
2a42: Actin-DNAse I Complex
2a5x: Crystal Structure of a Cross-linked Actin Dimer
2asm: Structure of Rabbit Actin In Complex With Reidispongiolide A
2aso: Structure of Rabbit Actin In Complex With Sphinxolide B
2asp: Structure of Rabbit Actin In Complex With Reidispongiolide C
2btf: THE STRUCTURE OF CRYSTALLINE PROFILIN-BETA-ACTIN
2d1k: Ternary complex of the WH2 domain of mim with actin-dnase I
2ff3: Crystal structure of Gelsolin domain 1:N-wasp V2 motif hybrid in complex with actin
2ff6: Crystal structure of Gelsolin domain 1:ciboulot domain 2 hybrid in complex with actin
2fxu: X-ray Structure of Bistramide A- Actin Complex at 1.35 A resolution.
2gwj: SpvB ADP-ribosylated actin: hexagonal crystal form
2gwk: SpvB ADP-ribosylated actin: orthorhombic crystal form
2hf3: Crystal structure of monomeric Actin in the ADP bound state
2hf4: Crystal structure of Monomeric Actin in its ATP-bound state
2hmp: Uncomplexed actin cleaved with protease ECP32
2oan: Structure of oxidized beta-actin
2q1n: Actin Dimer Cross-linked Between Residues 41 and 374
2q31: Actin Dimer Cross-linked Between Residues 41 and 374 and proteolytically cleaved by subtilisin between residues 47 and 48.
2q36: Actin Dimer Cross-linked between Residues 191 and 374 and complexed with Kabiramide C
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Proteins of the cytoskeleton
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