Al-Haram (El Haram ʿAly Ibn ʿAleim, also Sayyiduna AliorSidna Ali "sanctuary of ʿAli [Ibn ʿAleim]",[4]Hebrew: אל-חרם, Arabic: الحرم), was a Palestinian Arab village in the Jaffa Subdistrict,[5] in Mandatory Palestine. It was located 16 km (10 miles) north of Jaffa, adjacent to the ruins of the medieval walled city of Arsuf, and its extent was estimated to range between 9,653 and 11,698 dunams of which 5,150 were accounted for in the cadastral registrations.[5] It was depopulated during the 1948 war.
The medieval walled city of Arsuf was captured from the Kingdom of JerusalembyBaibars in 1265, after 40 days of siege. Its inhabitants were killed or sold as slaves and the town completely razed.[6] The site was fully abandoned for about a century; according to the geographer Abulfeda (writing in c. 1330), the site contained no inhabitants ("Tabula Syriæ", 82). It appears that a minor village was re-established in the 16th century in the vicinity of the Sidna Ali Mosque. The mosque is mentioned by Mujir al-Din (writing c. 1496) as having been dedicated at the tomb of a Muslim saint, ʿAli Ibn ʿAleim (d. 1081), and that Sultan Baybars had prayed at the tomb for victory prior to retaking Arsuf in 1265.[7][8]
Al-Haram was one of four villages founded during the Ottoman period, near the coast north of the Yarkon River (along with the villages of Al-Shaykh Muwannis, Ijlil, and Umm Khalid). According to historian Roy Marom, the establishment of Al-Haram "demonstrates that the expansion of settlement in the southern Sharon was the result of the internal expansion of the core settlement by residents of the mountainous highlands of Samaria, and not by Egyptian ‘penetrators’ as previously claimed."[9]
In 1596, in the Ottoman era, a third of the revenues from a place called "Arsuf" went to the waqfofʿAli Ibn ʿAleim.[10]Pierre Jacotin called the village Ali Ebn harami on his map from 1799.[11]
In 1870/1871 (1288 AH), an Ottoman census listed the village in the nahiya (sub-district) of Bani Sa'b.[12]
In 1880, it was described in the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine as an adobe village of moderate size on high ground, with springs to the north, and on the west a mosque. The full name was recorded as El Haram 'Aly Ibn 'Aleim.[13]
During the 1920s, the Palestine Land Development Company (PLDC) bought part of the village land on behalf of the American Zion Commonwealth from the Omri family of Beirut, to found the settlement of Herzliya.[16][17] Later purchases of village land by the PLDC, Jewish National Fund, Keren Hayesod and private Jewish buyers was used to establish Kfar Shmaryahu and Rishpon.[18][19] At the time, during the Palestinian revolt against the British Mandate, two al-Haram villagers were brought before the rebel leader Aref Abd al-Razeq, and condemned for having sold land there to the Jews, as documents are showing.[20] According to some testimonies,[21] the relationship between the villagers of Al-Haram and the JewsofHerzliya and Rishpon was friendly. The early settlers of Herzliya mention Arab peddlers in the streets of the town. Some of the villagers were employed in construction. Former Arab residents of al-Haram testified that before the war, representatives of the Jewish towns assured them they were safe.[22]
In the 1945 statistics the village had a population of 880, with 360 Jewish inhabitants.[1][2] Al-Haram had an elementary school for boys founded in 1921, and in 1945 it had an enrollment of 68 students. The village also contained a mosque and the shrine of al-Hasan ibn 'Ali (d. AD 1081), a descendant of the second Muslim caliph, 'Umar ibn al-Khattab.[19]
According to Morris, the villagers were evacuated on 3 February 1948 out of fear of Jewish attack, after HaganahorIrgun attacks on nearby villages.[23]
The only trace of the former village is the Sidna Ali shrine and the cemetery which surrounds it. The cemetery is used as a parking lot by tourists.[24] Many Muslim graves are mentioned in a 1998 archaeological publication to the west and south of the structure.[25]
The shrine is located between the Sidna Ali Beach aka Nof Yam, and the Reshef neighbourhood of Herzliya.
^Templar of Tyre, Gestes des Chiprois, Part III, p.117, ed. Gaston Raynaud, Genève, 1887: The year given by the chronicler known as the Templar of Tyre is 1265.
^Essaid, 2014, p. 175 writes: 'The village of Al-Haram was also known as Sayyiduna 'Ali (generally spelt as Sidna 'Ali), meaning 'our lord 'Ali,' because it was built round the shrine of a descendant of 'Umar ibn al-Khatab named al-Hasan ibn 'Ali, who died in AD 1081. However another source claims that the name came from the fighter Abi Hasan 'Ali ibn 'Ulail, who was from the clan of 'Umar ibn al-Khatab, since Abi Hasan 'Abi ibn 'Ulail was known generally by the name of 'Ali ibn 'Alim.'
