Bi’r Māʽīn is an Arabictoponym meaning “The well of Maʽīn”. The personal name Ma'in is recorded in the toponymy of southern Judea and southern Philistia, and considered the name of one of Jacob’s sons. The crusaders recorded the name as. Bermenayn.[6]
In 1873, Clermont-Ganneau noted down the foundation legend of Bir Ma'in. He was told that the village mosque was consecrated to its founder, Neby Ma'in, son of Jacob (which may be identical to Benjamin). He was buried in a cave nearby. When he died, his five sisters hurried to Bir Ma'in from Jiser Benat Ya'kub ('Jacob Daughters' Bridge'). However, they all died at different places in the neighbourhood, and were buried where they died. Their tombs were still an object of veneration, Sitt Mena being one of them.[7]
Bir Ma'in was a fief of the Holy Sepulchre Church in the twelfth century.[8] In 1170, Bernhard, Bishop of Lydda, granted the leaders of the Holy Sepulchre Church the right to build churches in five villages, including Bir Ma'in. It is unclear if a church was ever built.[9]
In 1596 Bir Ma'in appeared in the tax registers being in the nahiya ("subdistrict") of Ramla, which was under the administration of the Gaza Sanjak. It had a population of 30 household; an estimated 165 persons,[12] who were all Muslims.[13] They paid a fixed tax-rate of 25 % on agricultural products, including wheat, barley, summer crops, olive trees, sesame, goats and beehives, in addition to occasional revenues and a press for olive oil or grape syrup; a total of 3,500 akçe. All of the revenues went to a Waqf.[13][12]
In 1838, Bir Am'in was noted as a Muslim village in the Lydda District.[14]
In 1863 Victor Guérin described it as a village of a hundred or more inhabitants, located on a hill. He noted that ancient stones, lying on the ground, proved that this hamlet once had a certain importance.[10]
An Ottoman village list of about 1870 showed that Bir Main had 12 houses and a population of 90, though the population count included men, only.[15][16]
In 1873, Clermont-Ganneau noted down the legend connecting the village to the son and daughters of Yakub, the Muslim version of biblical Jacob (see #Foundation legend section).
In 1934, an elementary school was founded in the village.[5]
In1944/45 statistics the village had a population of 510 Muslims,[2] while the total land area was 9,319 dunams, according to an official land and population survey.[3] Of this, 176 dunums of village land were irrigated or used for plantations, 2,880 dunums were for cereals,[20] while 9 dunams were classified as built-up areas.[21]
The village also had its own mosque. Three khirbats are located in the village.[5]
The Israeli military settlement of Makkabim was established on village land in 1986.[5]
In 1992 the remains were described: "Two deserted buildings with crumbling walls can be seen on the site ... Part of the surrounding land is used for target practice and other Israeli military purposes, and part of it is cultivated by Israeli farmers."[5]
In 2002, a book about the village was published in Jordan.[22]
