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F r o m W i k i p e d i a , t h e f r e e e n c y c l o p e d i a
Place in Hebron, Mandatory Palestine
Kudna (Arabic : كُدنة , also known to the Crusaders as Kidna ) was a Palestinian Arab village, located 25 kilometers northwest of Hebron .
History [ edit ]
Kudna was known to the Crusaders as Kidna. An archaeological site in Kudna contained remnants of a fort, the foundations of buildings, previously inhabited caves, and cisterns. About half a dozen khirbas lay in the vicinity.[5] [7] [8] [9]
Ottoman period [ edit ]
In 1838, during the rule of the Ottoman empire , Edward Robinson noted Kudna as a small Muslim village, located in the Gaza district. He also saw the remains of a large ancient building, the western wall was still standing, some 150 ft long (46 m ), built of large stones.[10] [11]
In 1863 the French explorer Victor Guérin found Kudna to have five hundred inhabitants. It was located on a hill whose summit was rocky and whose sides were covered with olive and fig trees interspersed with tobacco. On the highest point of the hill were the remains of an old castle, along sixty paces on fifty seven wide. Guérin found the lower courses being ancient, possibly Byzantine; the upper layers more recent.[12]
An Ottoman village list of about 1870 indicated 12 houses and a population of 40, though the population count included men only.[13] [14] PEF 's Survey of Western Palestine olive trees. The walls of a Crusader Castle rose from the middle of the village.[15]
In 1896 the population of Kidna was estimated to be about 228 persons.[16]
British Mandate era [ edit ]
In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities , Kudna had an entirely Muslim population of 281,[17] 1931 census to 353 inhabitants.[18]
In the 1945 statistics the population of Kudna was 450, all Muslims,[2] dunams of land according to an official land and population survey.[3] [19] [20]
1948, and aftermath [ edit ]
During the 1948 Arab-Israeli War , the Israeli forces of the Giv'ati Brigade , commanded by Yigal Allon in Operation Yo'av assaulted the village on 22 October 1948.[21] Arab Liberation Army , the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood , and local militia men, it was overtaken by the Israeli forces and the village inhabitants fled.[21] Benny Morris reports that Kudna was one of a number of villages, including Zikrin , Ra'na , Deir ad Dabbun and Ajjur , where most of the people fled before the arrival of the Givati Brigade; however those that did remain were expelled eastwards.[22]
Following the war the area was incorporated into the State of Israel and kibbutz Beit Nir was established in 1955 to the west of the village site, on what had been village land.[5]
The Palestinian historian Walid Khalidi described the village remaining structures in 1992: "The houses have been reduced to levelled debris hidden beneath an overgrowth of wild vegetation. One can see the stones that served as fences for home gardens. Cactuses and carob, fig, and olive trees grow on the site."[5]
References [ edit ]
^ a b Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 23
^ a b c Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 50
^ Morris, 2004, p. xix , village #321. Also gives cause of depopulation
^ a b c d Khalidi, 1992, p. 218
^ Dear Prince William, if you have to go, make it count , Robert Cohen, March 10, 2018, Mondoweiss
^ Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, p. 288
^ Warren and Conder, 1884, p. 443
^ Pringle, 1997, p. 62
^ Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol. II, p. 354
^ Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, Appendix 2, p. 119
^ Guérin, 1869, pp. 367 -368
^ Socin, 1879, p. 157
^ Hartmann, 1883, p. 143 , also noted 12 houses
^ Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, p. 258 . Quoted in Khalidi, 1992, p. 218
^ Schick, 1896, p. 123
^ Barron, 1923, Table V, p. 10
^ Mills, 1932, p. 33
^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 93
^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 143
^ a b "Welcome to Kudna" . Palestine Remembered. Retrieved 2007-12-04 .
^ Morris, 2004, p. 466
Bibliography [ edit ]
Conder, C.R. ; Kitchener, H.H. (1883). The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund .
Department of Statistics (1945). Village Statistics, April, 1945
Guérin, V. (1869). Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine
Hadawi, S. (1970). Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine
Khalidi, W. (1992). All That Remains: The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulated by Israel in 1948 Washington D.C. : Institute for Palestine Studies . ISBN 0-88728-224-5
Hartmann, M. (1883). "Die Ortschaftenliste des Liwa Jerusalem in dem türkischen Staatskalender für Syrien auf das Jahr 1288 der Flucht (1871)" . Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins 6
Mills, E., ed. (1932). Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas
Morris, B. (2004). The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited ISBN 978-0-521-00967-6
Palmer, E.H. (1881). The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund .
Pringle, D. (1997). Secular buildings in the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: an archaeological Gazetter Cambridge University Press . ISBN 0521-46010-7
Robinson, E. ; Smith, E. (1841). Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838 Crocker & Brewster .
Robinson, E. ; Smith, E. (1841). Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838 Crocker & Brewster .
Schick, C. (1896). "Zur Einwohnerzahl des Bezirks Jerusalem" . Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins . 19
Socin, A. (1879). "Alphabetisches Verzeichniss von Ortschaften des Paschalik Jerusalem" . Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins . 2
Warren, C. ; Conder, C.R. (1884). The Survey of Western Palestine: Jerusalem Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund .
External links [ edit ]
R e t r i e v e d f r o m " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kudna&oldid=1144476161 " C a t e g o r i e s : ● A r a b v i l l a g e s d e p o p u l a t e d d u r i n g t h e 1 9 4 8 A r a b – I s r a e l i W a r ● D i s t r i c t o f H e b r o n H i d d e n c a t e g o r i e s : ● P a g e s u s i n g g a d g e t W i k i M i n i A t l a s ● P a g e s w i t h n o n - n u m e r i c f o r m a t n u m a r g u m e n t s ● A r t i c l e s w i t h s h o r t d e s c r i p t i o n ● S h o r t d e s c r i p t i o n i s d i f f e r e n t f r o m W i k i d a t a ● C o o r d i n a t e s o n W i k i d a t a ● A r t i c l e s c o n t a i n i n g A r a b i c - l a n g u a g e t e x t ● C S 1 : l o n g v o l u m e v a l u e ● C S 1 F r e n c h - l a n g u a g e s o u r c e s ( fr )
● T h i s p a g e w a s l a s t e d i t e d o n 1 3 M a r c h 2 0 2 3 , a t 2 3 : 4 9 ( U T C ) . ● T e x t i s a v a i l a b l e u n d e r t h e C r e a t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - S h a r e A l i k e L i c e n s e 4 . 0 ;
a d d i t i o n a l t e r m s m a y a p p l y . B y u s i n g t h i s s i t e , y o u a g r e e t o t h e T e r m s o f U s e a n d P r i v a c y P o l i c y . W i k i p e d i a ® i s a r e g i s t e r e d t r a d e m a r k o f t h e W i k i m e d i a F o u n d a t i o n , I n c . , a n o n - p r o f i t o r g a n i z a t i o n . ● P r i v a c y p o l i c y ● A b o u t W i k i p e d i a ● D i s c l a i m e r s ● C o n t a c t W i k i p e d i a ● C o d e o f C o n d u c t ● D e v e l o p e r s ● S t a t i s t i c s ● C o o k i e s t a t e m e n t ● M o b i l e v i e w
