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Sodium iodide
Sodium iodide Sodium iodide
NaI(Tl ) scintillators
Identifiers
CAS Number
13517-06-1 N
3D model (JSmol )
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.028.800
PubChem CID
RTECS number
UNII
CompTox Dashboard (EPA )
InChI=1S/HI.Na/h1H;/q;+1/p-1 Y
Key: FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Y
InChI=1/HI.Na/h1H;/q;+1/p-1
Key: FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-REWHXWOFAL
Properties
Chemical formula
NaI
Molar mass
149.894[1]
Appearance
white solid deliquescent [1]
Odor
odorless
Density
3.67 g cm −3 [1]
Melting point
661 °C (1,222 °F; 934 K )[1]
Boiling point
1,304 °C (2,379 °F; 1,577 K )[1]
Solubility in water
1587 g/L (0 °C) [2] [3]
Solubility
ethanol, acetone[1]
Band gap
5.89 eV[4] [5]
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)
−57×10−6 cm 3 −1 [6]
Refractive index (n D
1.93 (300 nm)[7]
Structure[8]
Crystal structure
Halite , cF8
Space group
Fm 3
Lattice constant
a
Formula units (Z
4
Coordination geometry
Octahedral
Thermochemistry[9]
Heat capacity (C
52.1 J mol−1 K −1
Std molar (S ⦵ 298 )
98.5 J mol−1 K −1
Std enthalpy of (Δf H ⦵ 298 )
−287.8 kJ mol−1
Gibbs free energy (Δf G ⦵ )
−286.1 kJ mol−1
Hazards
Occupational safety and health
Main hazards
Irritant, can harm the unborn child
GHS labelling
Pictograms
Signal word
Danger
Hazard statements
H315 , H319 , H400
Precautionary statements
P273 , P305+P351+P338 [10]
NFPA 704
Flash point
Non-flammable
Safety data sheet (SDS)
[1 ]
Related compounds
Other anions
Sodium fluoride Sodium chloride Sodium bromide Sodium astatide
Other cations
Lithium iodide Potassium iodide Rubidium iodide Caesium iodide Francium iodide
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references
Chemical compound
Sodium iodide (chemical formula NaI ) is an ionic compound formed from the chemical reaction of sodium metal and iodine . Under standard conditions, it is a white, water-soluble solid comprising a 1:1 mix of sodium cations (Na + ) and iodide anions (I − ) in a crystal lattice . It is used mainly as a nutritional supplement and in organic chemistry . It is produced industrially as the salt formed when acidic iodides react with sodium hydroxide .[11] chaotropic salt .
Food supplement [ edit ]
Sodium iodide, as well as potassium iodide , is commonly used to treat and prevent iodine deficiency . Iodized table salt contains 10 ppm iodide .[11]
Organic synthesis [ edit ]
Monatomic NaI chains grown inside double-wall carbon nanotubes .[12]
Sodium iodide is used for conversion of alkyl chlorides into alkyl iodides . This method, the Finkelstein reaction ,[13] sodium chloride in acetone to drive the reaction:[14]
R–Cl + NaI → R–I + NaCl
Nuclear medicine [ edit ]
Some radioactive iodide salts of sodium, including Na125 I 131 I radiopharmaceutical uses for thyroid cancer and hyperthyroidism or as radioactive tracer in imaging (see Isotopes of iodine > Radioiodines I-123, I-124, I-125, and I-131 in medicine and biology ).
Thallium-doped NaI(Tl ) scintillators [ edit ]
Sodium iodide activated with thallium , NaI(Tl ), when subjected to ionizing radiation , emits photons (i.e., scintillate ) and is used in scintillation detectors , traditionally in nuclear medicine , geophysics , nuclear physics , and environmental measurements. NaI(Tl ) is the most widely used scintillation material. The crystals are usually coupled with a photomultiplier tube , in a hermetically sealed assembly, as sodium iodide is hygroscopic . Fine-tuning of some parameters (i.e., radiation hardness , afterglow , transparency ) can be achieved by varying the conditions of the crystal growth . Crystals with a higher level of doping are used in X-ray detectors with high spectrometric quality. Sodium iodide can be used both as single crystals and as polycrystals for this purpose. The wavelength of maximum emission is 415 nm.[15]
Radiocontrast [ edit ]
António Egas Moniz searched for a radiocontrast agent for cerebral angiography .[16] rabbits and dogs he settled upon sodium iodide as the best medium.[16]
Solubility data [ edit ]
Sodium iodide exhibits high solubility in some organic solvents, unlike sodium chloride or even bromide:
Stability [ edit ]
Iodides (including sodium iodide) are detectably oxidized by atmospheric oxygen (O 2 iodine (I 2 2 − complex to form the triiodide complex, which has a yellow color, unlike the white color of sodium iodide. Water accelerates the oxidation process, and iodide can also produce I2
See also [ edit ]
References [ edit ]
^ Haynes, p. 5.171
^ Miyata, Takeo (1969). "Exciton Structure of NaI and NaBr". Journal of the Physical Society of Japan . 27 1 ): 266. Bibcode :1969JPSJ...27..266M . doi :10.1143/JPSJ.27.266 .
^ Guizzetti, G.; Nosenzo, L.; Reguzzoni, E. (1977). "Optical properties and electronic structure of alkali halides by thermoreflectivity". Physical Review B . 15 12 ): 5921–5926. Bibcode :1977PhRvB..15.5921G . doi :10.1103/PhysRevB.15.5921 .
^ Haynes, p. 4.130
^ Haynes, p. 10.250
^ Davey, Wheeler P. (1923). "Precision Measurements of Crystals of the Alkali Halides". Physical Review . 21 2 ): 143–161. Bibcode :1923PhRv...21..143D . doi :10.1103/PhysRev.21.143 .
^ Haynes, p. 5.36
^ "Sodium iodide 383112" . Sigma Aldrich .
^ a b Lyday, Phyllis A. (2005). "Iodine and Iodine Compounds". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry doi :10.1002/14356007.a14_381 . ISBN 978-3527306732
^ Senga, Ryosuke; Suenaga, Kazu (2015). "Single-atom electron energy loss spectroscopy of light elements" . Nature Communications 6 Bibcode :2015NatCo...6.7943S . doi :10.1038/ncomms8943 . PMC 4532884 PMID 26228378 .
^ Finkelstein, Hank (1910). "Darstellung organischer Jodide aus den entsprechenden Bromiden und Chloriden" . Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges. 43 2 ): 1528–1532. doi :10.1002/cber.19100430257 .
^ Streitwieser, Andrew (1956). "Solvolytic Displacement Reactions At Saturated Carbon Atoms". Chemical Reviews 56 4 ): 571–752. doi :10.1021/cr50010a001 .
^ "Scintillation Materials and Assemblies" (PDF) . Saint-Gobain Crystals . 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 31, 2017. Retrieved June 21, 2017 .
^ a b "Antonio Egas Moniz (1874-1955) Portuguese Neurologist". JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association . 206 (2 ). American Medical Association (AMA): 368–369. 1968. doi :10.1001/jama.1968.03150020084021 . ISSN 0098-7484 . PMID 4877763 .
^ Burgess, John (1978). Metal Ions in Solution . Ellis Horwood Series in Chemical Sciences. New York: Ellis Horwood. ISBN 9780470262931
^ Kowalczyk, James J. (15 April 2001). "Sodium Iodide". Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis . doi :10.1002/047084289X.rs087 .
^ De Namor, Angela F. Danil; Traboulssi, Rafic; Salazar, Franz Fernández; De Acosta, Vilma Dianderas; De Vizcardo, Yboni Fernández; Portugal, Jaime Munoz (1989). "Transfer and partition free energies of 1:1 electrolytes in the water–dichloromethane solvent system at 298.15 K". Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions 1 85 9 ): 2705–2712. doi :10.1039/F19898502705 .
Cited sources [ edit ]
External links [ edit ]
"ICSC 1009 – Sodium Iodide (Anhydrous)" . International Chemical Safety Card . April 20, 2005. Retrieved June 21, 2017 .
"Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) – Safety data for sodium iodide" . ScienceLab.com . May 21, 2013. Archived from the original on June 3, 2018. Retrieved June 21, 2017 .
"Sodium iodide (Oral route, Injection route, Intravenous route)" . Drugs.com . Retrieved June 21, 2017 .
"Safety Data Sheet – Sodium iodide" (PDF) . Global Safety Management. January 23, 2015. Retrieved October 16, 2019 .
t
e
Inorganic
Halides
Chalcogenides
Pnictogenides
Oxyhalides
Oxychalcogenides
Oxypnictogenides
Others
Organic
t
e
Salts and covalent derivatives of the
iodide ion
R e t r i e v e d f r o m " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sodium_iodide&oldid=1224997174 " C a t e g o r i e s : ● A l k a l i m e t a l i o d i d e s ● I n o r g a n i c c o m p o u n d s ● I o d i d e s ● I o n i s i n g r a d i a t i o n d e t e c t o r s ● M e t a l h a l i d e s ● P h o s p h o r s a n d s c i n t i l l a t o r s ● S o d i u m c o m p o u n d s ● C h a o t r o p i c a g e n t s ● R o c k s a l t c r y s t a l s t r u c t u r e H i d d e n c a t e g o r i e s : ● C S 1 G e r m a n - l a n g u a g e s o u r c e s ( de ) ● C h e m i c a l a r t i c l e s w i t h m u l t i p l e c o m p o u n d I D s ● M u l t i p l e c h e m i c a l s i n a n i n f o b o x t h a t n e e d i n d e x i n g ● C h e m i c a l a r t i c l e s w i t h m u l t i p l e C A S r e g i s t r y n u m b e r s ● A r t i c l e s w i t h o u t K E G G s o u r c e ● A r t i c l e s w i t h c h a n g e d C A S N o i d e n t i f i e r ● A r t i c l e s w i t h c h a n g e d E B I i d e n t i f i e r ● E C H A I n f o C a r d I D f r o m W i k i d a t a ● C h e m b o x h a v i n g G H S d a t a ● A r t i c l e s c o n t a i n i n g u n v e r i f i e d c h e m i c a l i n f o b o x e s ● C h e m b o x i m a g e s i z e s e t ● A r t i c l e s w i t h s h o r t d e s c r i p t i o n ● S h o r t d e s c r i p t i o n m a t c h e s W i k i d a t a ● C o m m o n s c a t e g o r y l i n k i s o n W i k i d a t a
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a d d i t i o n a l t e r m s m a y a p p l y . B y u s i n g t h i s s i t e , y o u a g r e e t o t h e T e r m s o f U s e a n d P r i v a c y P o l i c y . W i k i p e d i a ® i s a r e g i s t e r e d t r a d e m a r k o f t h e W i k i m e d i a F o u n d a t i o n , I n c . , a n o n - p r o f i t o r g a n i z a t i o n . ● P r i v a c y p o l i c y ● A b o u t W i k i p e d i a ● D i s c l a i m e r s ● C o n t a c t W i k i p e d i a ● C o d e o f C o n d u c t ● D e v e l o p e r s ● S t a t i s t i c s ● C o o k i e s t a t e m e n t ● M o b i l e v i e w ●
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