特殊作戦執行部英語: Special Operations Executive, SOE)とは、第二次世界大戦中のイギリスに設置されていた秘密組織である。1940年7月22日、内閣の承認のもと戦時経済相英語版(Minister of Economic Warfare)のヒュー・ダルトン英語版が設立した。その任務はナチス・ドイツを始めとする枢軸国の支配下にあるヨーロッパ各地における諜報秘密作戦特殊作戦特殊偵察英語版不正規戦などの展開、現地レジスタンス運動の支援などであった。

特殊作戦執行部
Special Operations Executive
活動期間 1940年7月22日 - 1946年1月15日
国籍 イギリスの旗 イギリス
忠誠 連合軍
任務 諜報・秘密作戦・特殊作戦・特殊偵察・不正規戦(特にサボタージュ、襲撃など)
兵力 およそ13,000名
渾名ベイカー街遊撃隊
The Baker Street Irregulars
「チャーチル秘密軍」
Churchill's Secret Army
「非紳士的戦争省」
Ministry of Ungentlemanly Warfare
指揮
著名な司令官 フランク・ネルソン英語版
チャールズ・ジョセリン・ハンブロ英語版
コリン・ガビンズ
テンプレートを表示

(Auxiliary Units)SOE

SOESOE(Churchill's Secret Army)(Ministry of Ungentlemanly Warfare)SOE(Joint Technical Board)調(Inter-Service Research Bureau)

SOESOE13,0003,200[1]

1946115SOE

歴史

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起源

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SOE319383EH(Department EH)SISMI6調(Lawrence Grand)D(Section D)調JC(J. C. Holland)GS (R)GS (R)1939MI R

3DMI R[2]MI RD[2]

D[3]D.[4]MI R[5]

SOEの結成

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1940613DMI R調71716(Minister of Economic Warfare)SOE722(IRA)[6][7][8](set Europe ablaze)[9][10]

MI RMI R(C)SOEMD1[11]MD1(Churchill's Toyshop)

指揮

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SOECD貿19422退(MC)SOE[12]

19438SOESOED.C.[13]SOE
 
19438SOE

19439SOEMI RIRASOE[6]

組織

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SOESO1SO2調SO33SO3[14]SO219418SO1(Political Warfare Executive, PWE)SOE[15]

(Section)1126

調4(Director of Scientific Research)[16]SOE[17]

SOE(Deputy)(Chief of Staff)SOE(Council)15

19444(Special Operations (Mediterranean), SO(M))133(Force 133)133[18]1942(Massingham)

1940(India Mission)GS I(k)136(Force 136)(Singapore Mission)136

調(British Security Coordination)SOE1S6303603SOESISMI5FBIOSS調

他部局との関係

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SOE調SOESOESOE[19]SOE

SOESOE[20]SISSISSOESISSOE[21]

SOESOE西(Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force, SHAEF)(South East Asia Command)[22]

解散

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SOE(Russian menace)(the smouldering volcanoes of the Middle East)SOE[23]SOESISSOE宿(To have SOE run by the Foreign Office would be like inviting an abbess to supervise a brothel.)[23]SOE1945退SOE(British Comintern)48[24]1946115SOESOESOE280MI6(Special Operations Branch)MI6SOE[25]CMI6MI6[25]

所在地

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SOESOE(Stately 'omes of England)

1940103164SOESOE西SOE使

(The Firs)MD1IXIX調(Inter-Service Research Bureau, ISRB)XII[26]

XVXV調[27]XIV[28]XV[29]

SOEEA(SMP)(Inspector)B[30]

SOE(OSS)SOE[31]

エージェント

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SOEF(F Section)

SOE使

SOE

SOE1[32][33]SOE

SOE(courier)(First Aid Nursing Yeomanry, FANY)(Women's Auxiliary Air Force, WAAF)[34]SOE5513

通信・連絡手段

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無線機

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3 MK II型通信機の送信機および受信機。B2ラジオセットとも呼ばれる。

SOESOE1

SOESIS194261SOESOE[35][36]

SIS調使SOE使A Mk III9 (4.1 kg)500 (800 km)3 Mk IIB232 (15 kg)[37]

[38]

SISSOE使SOE使使

英国放送協会(BBC)

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(BBC)SOEBBCBBC[39][40]

その他

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便使使

[41]

装備

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武器

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SOEIX 使

SOE[42]

SOE1941使1944.38使8,000[43]

SOE[44]SOE

サボタージュ

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爆破工作に関する講習の様子。(1944年頃、ミルトン・ホール英語版

SOEPlastiqueSOESOE[45]

[46]

潜水艦

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IX2[47]

IXa1944(SRD)[48]

その他

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SOE使西使[49]


輸送手段

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SOE使

航空機

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SOE19411SOE100[50]使19424138161SOE[51]

使400 (370 m)101128[52]使

SOE使[53]C-47

C69 (180 cm)224 (102 kg)H[54]

IX使[55]

誘導機材について

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SOESOE/S[56]

海上

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SOESOE沿SOE

作戦

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フランス

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2FRFRFEU/PDF1942AMFAMF
 
34SOE19448

194155SOE1941519448F400RFAMF600SOEEU/PDF[57]

SOEF391319915650SOESOE1049113

19446DSOESOE31006,0004,000[58]EU/P(État-major des Forces Françaises de l'Intérieur, EMFFI)

ポーランド

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SOESOESOESOECichociemniIII使SOE1(Baroness Ryder of Warsaw)

SOE1SIS(Christine Granville)(Non-official cover)

SOE19426[59]SOEV2

(Special Duties Flights)[60]200,000

ドイツ

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SOE(Ronald Thornley)PWEDOperation PeriwigSISSHAEFSOESOE

オランダ

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N(Section N)SOE(Englandspiel)NSOESOE50(Camp Haaren)

5(Pieter Dourlein)(Ben Ubbink)21943829使SOESOE

ベルギー

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T(Section T)1使[61]1

[62]1946

イタリア

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SOE1943SOE[63][64]19414(Yak)西[65][66]

SOESOE11[67]

SOE[68][69]19441945SOE[70][71]

1943SOE133(Force 133)266SOESOE100ME 54OSS(Paradise Camp)[72]

ユーゴスラビア

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19412

SOE1941920"""Marko" Hudson)SOE1943SOE


ハンガリー

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SOESOE(László Veress)使SOE

1942

ギリシャ

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SIS[73]SOE(Odysseus)

1942SOESOE2(ELAS)(EDES)194211252150

19436216[74]

EDESSOEELAS使1943SOE(Plaka agreement)ELASEDES

ELASSOEELAS100EDES[75]

クレタ島

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SOE

アルバニア

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192319391943SOE(Balli Kombëtar)

SOE使""1944SOE

チェコスロバキア

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SOE1942SS194219431944SOE

ノルウェー

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194131SOE1941194564

デンマーク

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BOPA19421,000

SOE

ルーマニア

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1943SOE(Silviu Mețianu)31944823

その他のヨーロッパ諸国

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1943年から1945年にかけて、SOEおよびその他の諸諜報機関の協力の元、パレスチナで編成されたユダヤ人義勇兵部隊がヨーロッパ各地に派遣されいくつかの任務を遂行した。

エチオピア

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SOE1SOE1(Gideon Force)

東南アジア

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1940SOESOE退13677,000,000

SOEに対する分析や評価

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戦時中にSOEが開発した戦術および技術を現在のテロ組織が参考にしていると多くの解説者が指摘しており[6][7][76]、今日のテロリストが使用する主な戦術や技術はSOEによって開発されたものだと考えられている[77]

関連項目

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脚注

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(一)^ Foot, S.O.E, p.62

(二)^ abFoot, S.O.E, p.12

(三)^ 'Pat Line'  An Escape & Evasion Line in France in World War ll. Christopher Long. 2009721

(四)^ Foot, S.O.E, pp.15-16

(五)^ Foot, p.17

(六)^ abcarticle by Matthew Carr Author The Infernal Machine: A History of Terrorism. Thefirstpost.co.uk. 200961

(七)^ ab"The Irish [thanks to the example set by Collins and followed by the SOE] can thus claim that their resistance provide the originating impulse for resistance to tyrannies worse than any they had to endure themselves. And the Irish resistance as Collins led it, showed the rest of the world an economical way to fight wars the only sane way they can be fought in the age of the Nuclear bomb." M.R.D Foot, as quoted in Geraghty, The Irish War, p.347

(八)^ Hugh Dalton letter to Lord Halifax 2 July 1940; quoted in M. R. D. Foot, SOE in France, p. 8.

(九)^ historylearningsite.co.uk

(十)^ http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ww2peopleswar/stories

(11)^ Boyce and Everett, p.9

(12)^ Foot, S.O.E. p.31

(13)^ Foot, S.O.E., p.32

(14)^ Foot, S.O.E., p.22

(15)^ Foot, S.O.E., pp.24-25

(16)^ Boyce and Everett (2003), pp.23-45

(17)^ Wilkinson and Astley (2010), p.141

(18)^ Foot, S.O.E., pp.40-41

(19)^ Boyce and Everett, SOE: The Scientific Secrets, pp.129-158

(20)^ Foot, S.O.E., pp.35-36

(21)^ Foot, S.O.E., p.87

(22)^ Wilkinson and Astley (2010), pp.141-145, 191-195

(23)^ abChurchill's top secret agency. BBC - Today. (20081213). http://news.bbc.co.uk/today/hi/today/newsid_7585000/7585543.stm 2009313 

(24)^ Foot, S.O.E., p.245

(25)^ abChurchill's secret army lived on. BBC - Today. (20081213). http://news.bbc.co.uk/today/hi/today/newsid_7780000/7780476.stm 2009313 

(26)^ Turner, Des (2011). SOE's Secret Weapons Centre: Station 12. Stroud, Gloucestershire: The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7524-5944-8 

(27)^ Boyce and Everett, p.96

(28)^ Boyce and Everett, p.97

(29)^ Boyce and Everett, pp.299-300

(30)^ MacKay, Francis. Overture to Overlord. ISBN 0-85052-892-5 

(31)^ Foot, SOE, p.65

(32)^ Foot, S.O.E., p.169

(33)^ Foot, S.O.E., pp.57, 71

(34)^ Foot, S.O.E, pp.60-62

(35)^ Foot, pp.109-110

(36)^ Foot, p.108

(37)^ Foot, pp.108-111

(38)^ Foot, p.106

(39)^ Foot, pp.99, 142-143

(40)^ NHK使西

(41)^ Foot, p.60

(42)^ Foot, S.O.E., p.78

(43)^ Seaman (2006), p. 27

(44)^ Foot, S.O.E., p.73

(45)^ Norton-Taylor, Richard (19991027). How exploding rats went down a bomb and helped British boffins win the Second World War | UK news. London: The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/1999/oct/27/richardnortontaylor 200961 

(46)^ Foot, S.O.E., pp. 8283

(47)^ Boyce and Everett, pp. 147153

(48)^ Welfreighter. Welfreighter.info. 200961

(49)^ Boyce and Everett, p.54

(50)^ Wilkinson and Astley (2010), p.84

(51)^ Foot, S.O.E., p.95

(52)^ Gunston, Bill (1995). Classic World War II Aircraft Cutaways. London: Osprey. ISBN 1-85532-526-8 

(53)^ Foot, S.O.E, pp.95, 101-103

(54)^ Foot, S.O.E, pp.95-96

(55)^ Boyce and Everett, p.110

(56)^ Foot S.O.E, pp.103-104

(57)^ Foot, S.O.E., p.214

(58)^ Foot, S.O.E., pp.222-223

(59)^ Grojanowski Report, Yad Vashem (PDF). 2012710

(60)^ Orpen, Neil, 'Airlift to Warsaw' ISBN 0-8061-1913-6

(61)^ Edwin Amies biography, GLBT&Q website

(62)^ Day, Peter (2003429). How secret agent Hardy Amies stayed in Vogue during the war. London: The Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1428645/How-secret-agent-Hardy-Amies-stayed-in-Vogue-during-the-war.html 2009109 

(63)^ M. Berrettini, Set Italy Ablaze! Lo Special Operations Executive e l'Italia, 1940-1943, Italia Contemporanea, 252-253, 2008, 419-434

(64)^ M. Berrettini, La Gran Bretagna e lAntifascismo italiano. Diplomazia clandestina, Intelligence, Operazioni Speciali (1940-1943), Firenze, 2010

(65)^ Crowdy, Terry; Noon, Steve (2008). SOE Agent: Churchill's secret warriors. Oxford: Osprey. ISBN 978-1-84603-276-9 

(66)^ M. Berrettini, «To set Italy Ablaze!». Special Operations Executive e i reclutamenti di agenti tra Enemy Aliens e Prisoners of War italiani (Regno Unito, Stati Uniti e Canada), Altreitalie, 40, 2010, 5-25

(67)^ M. BERRETTINI, Diplomazia clandestina: Emilio Lussu ed Inghilterra nei documenti dello Special Operations Executive, saggio introdutivo a E. LUSSU, Diplomazia clandestina, Firenze, 1955, pp. 7-18

(68)^ [1]

(69)^ M. Berrettini, Special Operations Executive, Special Force, Antifascismo italiano e Resistenza partigiana

(70)^ M. BERRETTINI, Le missioni dello Special Operations Executive e la Resistenza italiana, in Le missioni dello Special Operations Executive e la Resistenza italiana, in «Quaderni di Farestoria», 3, 2007, pp. 27-47

(71)^ M. BERRETTINI, La Special Force britannica e la questione comunista nella Resistenza italiana, in «Studi e Ricerche di Storia Contemporanea», 71, 2009, pp. 37-62.

(72)^ Special Operations: Aid to European Resistance Movements Major Harris G Warren[]

(73)^ Ball (2009), p.104

(74)^ Rogue Male: Sabotage and Seduction Behind German Lines with Geoffrey Gordon-Creed, DSO, MC. ISBN 978-1444706352 [][]

(75)^ Foot, S.O.E, p.236

(76)^ "We must recognise that our response to the scourge of terrorism is compromised by what we did through SOE. The justification... That we had no other means of striking back at the enemy...is exactly the argument used by the red brigades, the baader meinhoff gang, the PFLP, the IRA and every other half articulate terrorist organisation on Earth. Futile to argue that we were a Democracy and Hitler a Tyrant. Means besmirch ends. SOE besmirched Britain." John Keegan, as quoted in Geraghty, The Irish War, p.346

(77)^ Churchill's Secret Army, Channel 4 television UK

参考文献

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公的な記録/学術的な歴史書
Covers Commando and SOE training in the Highlands of Scotland. It describes the origins of the irregular warfare training at Inverailort House under MI(R) then the move of SOE training to the nearby Arisaig and Morar area.
  • Boyce, Frederic; Everett, Douglas (2003). SOE – the Scientific Secrets. Sutton Publishing. ISBN 0-7509-4005-0 
SOE had its own laboratories and workshops inventing and developing new weapons, explosives and sabotage techniques.
  • Cruikshank, Charles (1983). SOE in the Far East. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-2158732 
Official history commissioned 1980, companion to Foot, SOE, with access to papers (though researched 20 years later than Foot's book, when many participants had died, see Preface)
The best book to read for an overview of SOE and its methods. Foot won the Croix de Guerre as a SAS operative in Brittany, later becoming Professor of Modern History at Manchester University and an official historian of the SOE. All his SOE books are well worth reading.
(orig. 1966, Government Official Histories, published by Frank Cass, revised edition 2000, further edition 2004). Written with access to F Section files, (according to Ian Dear, see below) later revised
  • Mackenzie, William (2000). The Secret History of SOE — Special Operations Executive 1940–1945. BPR Publications. ISBN 0-9536151-8-9 
Written at the end of WW2 for the British Government's own use without any intention of publication—in effect a confidential "official history".
  • Rigden, Denis (2001). SOE Syllabus: Lessons in Ungentlemanly Warfare World War II. Secret History Files, National Archives. ISBN 1-903365-18-X 
Authentic training manuals used to prepare agents covering the clandestine skills of disguise, surveillance, burglary, interrogation, close combat, and assassination. Also published as How to be a Spy.
  • Stafford, David (2011). Mission Accomplished: SOE and Italy 1943-45. The Bodley Head. ISBN 978-1-847-92065-2 
  • Stafford, David (2000). Secret Agent: the true story of the Special Operations Executive. BBC Worldwide Ltd. ISBN 0-563-53734-5 
Professor David Stafford has written several books on resistance and the secret war, and contributed the foreword for M. R. D. Foot's book.
First results of a research on the newly released Austrian SOE files of the Public Record Office Kew
  • Valentine, Ian (2006). Station 43: Audley End House and SOE's Polish Section. Sutton Publishing. ISBN 0-7509-4255-X 
  • Walker, Jonathan (2008). Poland Alone: Britain, SOE and the Collapse of the Polish Resistance, 1944. The History Press. ISBN 978-1-86227-474-7 
  • Wilkinson, Peter; Astley, Joan Bright (2010). Gubbins and SOE. Barnsley: Pen & Sword Military. ISBN 978-1-84884-421-6 
Partial biography of Colin Gubbins, and the politics at the head of SOE and its relations to the Cabinet
SOE職員らによる一次資料
Chapman set up first jungle warfare school and operated in Malaya behind Japanese lines. Key figure in SOE in Far East.
Davidson's activities in Yugoslavia, 1943–44
Firsthand documentary account of the kidnapping of Major General Heinrich Kreipe, the German army commander on Crete.
Covers the stories of a number of operatives, many known personally by Howarth, who was one of SOE’s founding members responsible for sevearl years for organising agent training in UK. Invaluable seven page bibliography of histories and memoirs.
  • Howarth, Patrick (1950). The Shetland Bus. Thomas Nelson and Sons Ltd 
Account of the Norwegian vessels which kept Britain in touch with the Norwegian resistance
  • Hue, André; Southby-Tailyour, Hue (2005). The Next Moon: the remarkable true story of a British agent behind the lines in wartime France. Penguin. ISBN 0-14-101580-2 
First hand story of agent dropped into Brittany to organise resistance activities before and after D-Day.
Author witnessed SOE's campaign with Yugoslav partisans as Churchill's representative to Tito.
Marks was the Head of Codes at SOE. He gives an easily comprehensible introduction to codes, their practical use in the field, and his struggle to improve encryption methods. Engaging accounts of agents including Noor Inayat Khan, Violette Szabo, and a great deal of information on his friend F. F. E. Yeo-Thomas are included.
Firsthand account of Moss and Patrick Leigh Fermor's kidnapping of Major General Heinrich Kreipe, the German army commander on Crete. Later turned into a film of the same title.
Account of the SOE's mission to Yugoslavia in support of Draža Mihailović and the Chetniks.
Account of SOE's missions to Albania.
Account of a female SOE field agent's experiences in the F Section.
Account of the author's activities as courier with F Section's "Wheelwright" network
SOE職員以外による伝記等
Biography of the remarkable F Section agent Harry Peulevé, who undertook two missions in France and was one of the few to escape Buchenwald concentration camp.
Biography of Vera Atkins, of whom James Bond creator Ian Fleming said, "In the real world of spies, Vera Atkins was the boss."
tells the story of Violette Szabo (a film of the same name was based on the book).
  • Tickell, Jerrard (1949). Odette: the story of a British agent. London: Chapman & Hall 
tells the story of Odette Sansom-Hallowes
tells the story of John Renshaw Starr.
General chapters on origins, recruitment and training, and then describes in detail thirteen operations in Europe and around the world, some involving the OSS.
  • Marshall, Bruce (2000). The White Rabbit. Cassell Military Paperbacks. ISBN 0-304-35697-2 
Famous biography of Wing Commander Yeo-Thomas who made secret trips to France to meet senior Resistance figures. Epic story of capture, torture and escape, written as told by 'Tommy' to Marshall (who was himself on the HQ staff of RF section).
  • Seaman, Mark (1997). Bravest of the Brave: true story of Wing Commander Tommy Yeo-Thomas - SOE Secret Agent Codename, the White Rabbit. Michael O'Mara Books. ISBN 978-1-85479-650-9 
  • Seaman, Mark (2006). Special Operations Executive: a new instrument of war. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-38455-9 
  • Mears, Ray (2003). The Real Heroes of Telemark: the true story of the secret mission to stop Hitler's atomic bomb. Hodder & Stoughton. ISBN 0-340-83015-8 
In association with a three part BBC TV series, Ray Mears followed the route taken in 1943 along with some present day members of the Royal Marines and the Norwegian Army.
  • Hodgson, Lynn-Philip (1999). Inside Camp X. Port Perry, Ont.: Blake. ISBN 0-88962-721-5 
(reissued 2003 ISBN 0-9687062-0-7)
Gives tangential account of SOE's operations in the Mediterranean and its quarrels with other intelligence agencies
  • McNab, Duncan (2011). Mission 101. Pan Macmillan (Australia) 
(reissued by The History Press, 2012)
  • Christie, MMaurice A. (2004). Mission Scapula SOE in the Far East. London. ISBN 0-9547010-0-3 
A true story about an ordinary soldier (Arthur Christie) seconded into MI5 and sent on a mission to Singapore just before it fell. With Freddy Spencer-Chapman. Written by Arthur Christie's son Maurice A. Christie: "The wartime memories of Arthur Christie, written in the first person by his son Maurice A. Christie. Arthur Christie credited as author on cover."
論評

外部リンク

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