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緊急避妊薬

出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』
緊急避妊薬「ノルレボ錠」

: emergency contraceptive pill ECP[1][1][2][3][4]72120272[5][6]尿72120[7][8][9]

[]


WHO[7][10]

9019[11][7][12]

[]


1970Yuzpe使IUDCu-IUD[13][14]

199972381%LNG:NorLevo,B(WHO)2011[15][16][17]90OTCBPC[18]

2010120595%UPAElla, EllaOne, Esmya使[18][19]201450[20][21]

使2495%25 - 4885%48 - 7258%[18][22]使使使[23][18]100%3[23][24]7使[23]5使[23]使STI[18]IUD使[25]HPVHPV[26][23][27][28][23][29]DV[28]

[]


[30]

[]


LNG:,B1.5mg721[18][31][32]

85%2495%25 - 4885%48 - 7258%[18][22]72120[18]81 - 84%[33]

72163181.0%[34]7263%[35]

[]


[31]使LH15mm80%5LHLH5 - 7LH[36][31]

[31][37]WHO[38]




あすか製薬、ノルレボ添付文書

安全性[編集]


[18]WHO使3.6%[18]2[18][13][39][40]

[41]136使30731%[41][38][42]

[]


[18][31][23][33][33]HIV[18]

[]


20111970Yuzpe method[18][14]72212257%[18][14]:使[18]

0.5mgdlNGR0.05mgEE使A1 1.00mg0.05mgC1 2.00mg0.10mg1 0.5mg 0.05mg[14][43]

[]


Yuzpe1989

1.LH/LH.
2.LH/.
南山堂、Pill 経口避妊法のすべて

子宮内避妊器具[編集]


IUD使1205100%[44][23]IUD使[18]

[]


16[45][46][7]使使[23][47][7]2017OTC[48][49][50][51]

60002[46][7][52][53]2017OTC[48][49][50]5調202211[54]202314500030097[55]

[7][56][50][16][57][58][59][60]

20216OTC OTC PMDA[61]

[62]

310調調調1調[63]

[]


ECEmergency Contraception

ECP Emergency Contraceptive pills

20197使3[8][7]

OTCOver The CounterOTC[64][65]

BPCBehind The Pharmacy Counter[66]BPC2022428OTC[32][67]

OTC OTC 4533[68][69]

OCOral Contraceptives[67][70][67]PMS使[52]1969199930[52][52]253[71][72]

STI[67]25[71][72]

4[22][73]

[]


201120193[ 1][75]2016168112018[47]

1414[25]OTC90%95.5%36.1%32.1%[76]75%使6%[77][78]

[]


60002[46][7][79][53][10][24][71][52]25[72][80]

91[81]201892[82]16[83]OTC15 - 30240 - 510[84][85][86]

[]


[87]使[22]

256[88][89]34[7][90][50][16]1997[16][50][91]

2021128OTC 西The Lancet Regional Health  Western PacificWhy is it so difficult to access emergency contraceptive pills in Japan?[92][93][94]

20231OTCOTC[95]

[]


[50][57][96][97][98][99][100][101][102][103][104]

⼿[8]WHO[18]

2019520 - 2695596OTC[24]OTC[24]98%75%[24][105]

20195315 [106]

20207使[107][41][108]

20207NHK使[10]OK[10]

2020108520[109]

202110NGO調2048%[110]

[24][111]

[112]

[]


SNS20192[45][113]使[114][115][116][113][115][47][115][117]

Women on WebWoWWoWICESCRWHOWoW2011202041752286[118]

[]


201973[8][7][119][120][121]1072[7][28][8]33[24]AAP使3使[23]

2020101100[18][122][123][18]9000[124][125][126]

20222OTC[127]OTCWHO[127]3[127]OTC[127]

1205ella[47][128][114]

[]


20112017OTC[36][18]

19OTCOver The Counter76BPCBehind The Pharmacy Counter[18][106]G77OTCBPC[18][129][106]WHO使FIGO[11][18]WHOFIGO[93][130][51][108]

2017[]


2017726OTC2 OTC[131][132]OTC[133]OTC3[134]

20179 - 10OTC[135]34832028[136]

2019[]


20195315 [106]121[137][138]COML[139]() WHO姿[140][106]

20197使3[8][7]

2020[]


202078OTC10 OTC163[141][132]

202010851225[142][143][142][143]

202010145201910002960調[144][144]OTC2017[144]

20201021[111]

20201027107000[145][146]

20201028OTC12 OTCOTC姿[147][147]

202011OTC[148]

2020116SPH[149]

202012姿[150]

2021[]


20215OTC[49][124]OTC[28][124]201979000[124][124][126][124]

202167OTC16 20174OTC[151][152][153]

2021618[51]2021OTC[154]

2021104OTC17 OTC調[51]
20218 - 9916242[155][156]OTC[155][156]

2022[]


2022310OTC19 調[157][158]OTCOTC[159]

2022428OTC20 BPCBehind the pharmacy Counter[32][67]OTCBPCOTC[32][67]OTC[32][67][160]
調[161]

2022930OTC22 [162]

202212[163][164]2023131[165][69] OTC [166]

20221226使OTC[48][69][167][48][46][146]

2023[]


2023110m3.comOTC73.060.48.520.7[40][40]201940.429.430.243.04[168][40][40][40]

20231OTC4630097[169][55]

[170]

20239姿[171]

112023[172]

2023924[173]

2024[]


2024319OTC[48]10[174]

 20245調202311OTC調 [175]952782.2[176]20251[177]

[]


19

[]


OTC199920221[71][178]25[80][71]2023125[71][72]2020202130202212" "[71]HIV調[72]

1920[179]19651975[179][52][179]

19692013[52]2016調71.833.225.615.5[52]19822013[52]1988[52]72[52]

[]


OTC[28][129]

2013:B[180]調FDA10調28%3%[181][182][183]

10193210[23]111%[23]2[23]10[23]AAP10[23]使[23]10[23][23]

20237FDA[184]

[]


OTC[28]2000123使2.1%[185]

[]


OTC[18]NHS[18][28]

2001BPC51[186]

[]


BPC[150]2020[187]

[]


2015BPC[28][188][189]25%使50%[189]2[189]

宗教における緊急避妊薬への批判[編集]


[190][191][192][193][194][195]

調[196][197][198][199]使[200][201][202]

20201031[195]

2010[203]

201322[204][204]

2022年8月30日、アメリカでカトリックの看護師が、プランBとエラ(緊急避妊薬)の処方を拒否した後に解雇されたとして、CVSヘルスとその診療所を訴えた[196]。CVSは、プランBとエラは避妊薬であり中絶薬ではないとし、看護師はカトリック教会が人間の生命として保護に値すると認めている胚を破壊する作用があるため、処方を拒否したとする[196]

脚注[編集]

注釈[編集]

  1. ^ 富士製薬工業の「レボノルゲストレル錠」[74]

出典[編集]



(一)^ ab - 2021517

(二)^ Leung, Vivian W.Y.; Levine, Marc; Soon, Judith A. (February 2010). Mechanisms of action of hormonal emergency contraceptives. Pharmacotherapy 30 (2): 158168. doi:10.1592/phco.30.2.158. PMID 20099990. 

(三)^ Trussell, James; Schwarz, Eleanor Bimla (2011). Emergency contraception. In Hatcher, Robert A.; Trussell, James; Nelson, Anita L. et al.. Contraceptive technology (20th revised ed.). New York: Ardent Media. pp. 113145. ISBN 978-1-59708-004-0. ISSN 0091-9721. OCLC 781956734 

(四)^ Emergency Contraception (). www.acog.org. 2020618

(五)^  - - . aoyamajewel-c.com (2023510). 2023626

(六)^  | . (202167). 2023626

(七)^ abcdefghijklm.    No.161(202201). 202311

(八)^ abcdef... .  nippon.com (202231). 2023112

(九)^ World Health Organization (2010) (). Fact sheet on the safety of levonorgestrel-alone emergency contraceptive pills (LNG ECPs). https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/70210. 

(十)^ abcdNHK.  Business Journal (2020729). 2020331

(11)^ abFact sheet on the safety of levonorgestrel-alone emergency contraceptive pills (LNG ECPs) (PDF).  WHO. 2023123

(12)^ .  . 2023112

(13)^ ab使28.   (28-09). 20201223

(14)^ abcd  寿. YuzpeYuzpe methods.  . 2015714[]

(15)^  (2011526). . . 20211231

(16)^ abcd (2020929). .  . 2020108

(17)^ .   (202271). 2023114

(18)^ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz.  . 2023112

(19)^ Ulipristal Acetate.  The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. 201712102017128

(20)^ Status of Emergency Contraceptives in Europe One Year after the European Medicines Agency's Recommendation to Switch Ulipristal Acetate to Non-Prescription Status.  Public Health Genomics 2016;19:203-210. 2023114

(21)^ Dedicated emergency contraceptive pills worldwide.  Princeton:  Office of Population Research at Princeton University, Association of Reproductive Health Professionals (2013213). 2016342014325

(22)^ abcd10.   (2021524). 2023113

(23)^ abcdefghijklmnopqrrom the American Academy of PediatricsPolicy Statement Emergency Contraception.  APP news&journals Gateway (201912). 20201017

(24)^ abcdefg 6.  Buzzfeednews (201966). 202082

(25)^ ab (2019124). 61 .  AERA. 202124

(26)^ .   (2022927). 2023115

(27)^ . .   (20211110). 2023115

(28)^ abcdefgh.  TV (2023111). 2023115

(29)^ 13.   (2022125). 2023115

(30)^ Emergency Contraception: A Last Chance to Prevent Unintended Pregnancy (PDF). 2023114

(31)^ abcde1.5mg (PDF).   202222. 2023112

(32)^ abcde20 (PDF).   (2022428). 2023115

(33)^ abc[1] 

(34)^ 1.5mg

(35)^ von Hertzen H, et al. Low dose mifepristone and two regimens of levonorgestrel for emergency contraception: a WHO multicentre randomised trial. Lancet. 2002;360:1803-10.

(36)^ ab使28 .  . 202167

(37)^ Mechanisms of action of hormonal emergency contraceptives. Pharmacotherapy 30 (2): 15868. (February 2010). doi:10.1592/phco.30.2.158. PMID 20099990. 

(38)^ abEmergency contraception.  WHO. 20201229

(39)^  .  . 2021210

(40)^ abcdefOTC76.  m3.com (2023110). 2023117

(41)^ abcECP Emergency Contraception Pill  (PDF).  . 2023113

(42)^ Interventions for emergency contraception.  WHO (2012111). 2020101920201017

(43)^ HORMONE FRONTIER IN GYNECOLOGY vol17 no,2 2010.6 (5)/

(44)^ IUD.  MSD. 202128

(45)^ ab 201953151 (PDF).   (2019531). 2023115

(46)^ abcd91 .  BuzzFeed (2021104). 202311

(47)^ abcd (20181223). .  . 202083

(48)^ abcdeOTC  .   (20221226). 202311

(49)^ abc (PDF).   (20211014). 2023112

(50)^ abcdef.   (202111). 2023112

(51)^ abcd  14.  西 (2021107). 2023118

(52)^ abcdefghijk.   (2018115). 2023115

(53)^ ab. gencyContraceptives.html.  Tokyo Sexual Health (2022628). 2023111

(54)^ . (2020115). 2023523

(55)^ ab 46300 97. (2023429). 202455

(56)^ .  Chapter2(3). 20201223

(57)^ ab 2022122022 

(58)^    .   (201051). 20221213

(59)^ & .   (2022916). 20221213

(60)^   (20201225). . . https://president.jp/articles/-/41712?page=4 202013 

(61)^  OTC . (202332). 2023523

(62)^ 202167 16. (202167). 2023523

(63)^ 調4 31020. . 202357

(64)^ OTC - 

(65)^ Emergency contraception sales fall by more than 50% as pandemic causes disruption to sexual health services.  The Pharmaceutical Journal (2020629). 2023117

(66)^ BTC.  . 2023115

(67)^ abcdefgOTCBPC.   on-line (202252). 2023115

(68)^ OTC. . 2022103

(69)^ abc .   (2023111). 2023117

(70)^ 姿 .   (20221020). 2023115

(71)^ abcdefgFrance offers free condoms to young people and free emergency contraception to all women.  CNN (202312). 2023116

(72)^ abcde .   (2022129). 2023115

(73)^ SRHR.  . 2023113

(74)^ .   (2019321). 2020611

(75)^  .  UP (2019107). 202052

(76)^ OTC調  .  . 2021104

(77)^  .  NHK. 2021104[]

(78)^  .  西 (2019226). 2021104

(79)^ .  . 2021210

(80)^ ab2022 in sexual and reproductive health and rights.  IPPF. 2023115

(81)^  .  NHK (201964). 20201018

(82)^ 30(2018).  . 20201018

(83)^ 30 . (20191031). 2020510

(84)^  (202127). . . https://www.cyzo.com/2021/02/post_267510_entry_2.html 2021224 

(85)^  .  . 202055

(86)^ .  "". PRESIDENT Online.  . 202052

(87)^ session.   (201966). 202055

(88)^   OTC (2020213). 2020108

(89)^ OTC .   (2019529). 2020108

(90)^ .  Chapter2(3). 20201223

(91)^   (20201020). .  . 2021110

(92)^ Sumire Sorano Sakiko Emmi Chris Smith (2021128). Why is it so difficult to access emergency contraceptive pills in Japan?.  The Lancet Regional health western pacific. 202128

(93)^ abWhy is it so difficult to access emergency contraceptive pills in Japan? (PDF).  西 2021128  . 2023115

(94)^  西.   (2021228). 2023115

(95)^  (2023129).   . FRau. 202357

(96)^    .   (201051). 20221213

(97)^ & .   (2022916). 20221213

(98)^ .   (2014813). 20221213

(99)^ 2022/09/02() .   (202292). 20221213

(100)^ .   (2022922). 20221213

(101)^ .   (202299). 20221213

(102)^ .   (201679). 20221216

(103)^   .   (20221130). 20221220

(104)^ .  wedge (20151021). 2022918

(105)^ .  BuzzFeed (20221227). 2023123

(106)^ abcdeShino Tanaka (2019610). .  HuffPost Japan. 20211016

(107)^ 2017726 2.  . 202052

(108)^ ab. .  BLOGOS. 20201014

(109)^ 5調75.  . 202133

(110)^   .  NHK (20211011). 20211016

(111)^ ab (20201022).  .  Buzzfeed. 20201028

(112)^   .   (20221225). 2024511

(113)^ ab.  NHK (201924). 20211016

(114)^ ab.   (2023110). 2023114

(115)^ abc.  . 2023114

(116)^ .  . 2023114

(117)^  使.   (2021820). 20221014

(118)^  (2021213). ︿.  HuffPost News. 2021222

(119)^ .  Gem Med (201952). 20201017

(120)^ . www.mhlw.go.jp. 2021517

(121)^  1121.  . 2021517

(122)^ .  . 202121

(123)^ 203   6 21120 .  . 2021616

(124)^ abcdef.  NHK (2021618). 2023117

(125)^ 調 .  . 202133

(126)^ ab.   (202079). 2021310

(127)^ abcdOTC.   on-line (202224). 2023118

(128)^ .   (2021318). 2021712

(129)^ ab.  .. 2023115

(130)^  .  JOICFP (2021104). 2023115

(131)^ 2 .   (2017726). 2023115

(132)^ ab2017726 2.  . 202052

(133)^ OTC.   (20171016). 202084

(134)^ 姿.  DIAMOND online (20171017). 20201020

(135)^ 2017726 2.  . 202052

(136)^ OTC.   (20171116). 202082

(137)^  (2020731). .  yahoo news. 2021315

(138)^  (PDF).   (2019531). 2023115

(139)^ .  GLOBAL HEALTH CONSULTING (201963). 202084

(140)^  (2019623). 23.  . 2021315

(141)^ .  . 2021315

(142)^ ab5.  . 2020108

(143)^ ab57  (PDF).  . 2023115

(144)^ abc.  on-line (20201015). 20201017

(145)^  .  NHK (20201027). 20201030202162

(146)^ abG7 #.  HuffPost (2023120). 2023123

(147)^ abOTC.   on-line (20201030). 2021226

(148)^ NPhAOTC.   (20201117). 202133

(149)^  .  BUZZFEED JAPAN (20201112). 2021224

(150)^ ab姿 90.  HUFFPOST (20201213). 20201215

(151)^ .  . 202167

(152)^ 202167 16.   (202167). 2023115

(153)^ 4 .  NHK. 2023117

(154)^ 2021 .   (2021618). 2023115

(155)^ ab9142調.  buzzfeed (2021105). 2023115

(156)^ ab91 .  buzzfeed (2021104). 2023115

(157)^ 19 .   (2022310). 2023115

(158)^ OTC. (2022314). 202243

(159)^ OTC (japanese). (2022316). 202243

(160)^  (2022930).  . buzz feed. 2022103

(161)^ 20 .   (2021428). 2023115

(162)^  . NHK (2022930). 2022103

(163)^ . NHK (20221227). 202315

(164)^ OTC. . 202315

(165)^ .  #. 2023117

(166)^ OTC.   on-line (20221227). 2023118

(167)^  - Vol.2.  m3.com (2021819). 202311

(168)^ OTC.  m3.com (2019310). 2023117

(169)^ OTC  .   (20221226). 202322

(170)^  .   (2023626). 2023627

(171)^ .   (2023914). 2023109

(172)^ 1120調5023.  PHARMACY NEWSBREAK (202310-6). 2023109

(173)^  .  NHK (2023929). 2023109

(174)^  2024319NEWS LIVE. 2024511

(175)^ OTC調 .   (2024510). 2024511

(176)^  (2024416).  .  . 2024519

(177)^  8.  NHK (2024517). 2024519

(178)^  .   (2022921). 2023117

(179)^ abc  (2019217). 使.  TRaU. pp. 1-3. 202167

(180)^ U.S. Drops Bid to Limit Sales of Morning-After Pill. NY Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/11/us/in-reversal-obama-to-end-effort-to-restrict-morning-after-pill.html?emc=na&_r=0 2013611 

(181)^ Pharmacies still blocking U.S. teens looking for emergency contraception. HEALTHCARE & PHARMA. (2018113). https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-teens-contraceptives-idUSKCN1N72DS 20201117 

(182)^ Refusing to Provide Health Services.  Guttmacher Institute (202311). 2023123

(183)^ Emergency Contraception.  Guttmacher Institute (202311). 2023123

(184)^   . NHK (2023714). 2023109

(185)^ Effects of making emergency contraception available without a physician's prescription: a population-based study.  US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health (2005 Mar 29). 20201018

(186)^ Emergency contraception from the pharmacy 20 years on: a mystery shopper study. BMAjournal. https://srh.bmj.com/content/early/2020/07/26/bmjsrh-2020-200648 20201117 

(187)^ Some chemists wrongly telling women they must fill in form to access emergency contraception. the guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/society/2020/apr/09/some-chemists-wrongly-telling-women-they-must-fill-in-form-to-access-emergency-contraception 20201117 

(188)^ Non-prescription dispensing of emergency oral contraceptives: Recommendations from the German Federal Chamber of Pharmacists Bundesapothekerkammer. Mi SciELO. 20201117

(189)^ abcWerbeverbot für die Pille danach: Warum werden Frauen in Deutschland eigentlich immer noch wie unmündige Kinder behandelt?.  Glamour (20221024). 2023117

(190)^ Insurance Coverage of Contraceptives.  Guttmacher Institute (202311). 2023123

(191)^ ON PETITION FOR WRIT OF CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT.  Supreme Court of the United States (2016628). 2023123

(192)^ .  . 2023123

(193)^ .   (2019116). 2023123

(194)^ .  . 2023123

(195)^ abSTATEMENT ON THE SO-CALLED "MORNING-AFTER PILL".  PONTIFICAL ACADEMY FOR LIFE (20001031). 2023123

(196)^ abcDebate Over Whether Morning-After Pill Can Cause Abortion Is at Heart of Catholic Nurses Lawsuit.  National Catholic Register (202297). 2023123

(197)^ ENCYCLICAL LETTER HUMANAE VITAE OF THE SUPREME PONTIFF PAUL VI.  Vatican. 2023123

(198)^ 3 .   (2014115). 2023123

(199)^ .  National Geographic (2016224). 2023123

(200)^ Lose-Lose on Abortion.  slate (20081124). 2023123

(201)^ Obama administration gives groups more time to comply with birth control rule.  Washington Post (2012120). 2023123

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