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===Salary===
Salaries for newly hired civilian astronauts are based on the federal government's [[General Schedule]] pay scale for grades GS-11 through GS-14. The astronaut's grade is based on his or her academic achievements and experience.<ref>[http://nasajobs.nasa.gov/astronauts/content/faq.htm NASA – Astronaut Selection<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101224152322/http://www.nasajobs.nasa.gov/astronauts/content/faq.htm |date=2010-12-24 }}</ref> Astronauts can be promoted up to grade GS-15.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/72816419/Astronaut-Job|title=Astronaut Job|work=Scribd}}</ref> As of 2015, astronauts based at the Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas, earn between $66,026 (GS-11 step 1) and $158,700 (GS-15 step 8 and above).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.opm.gov/policy-data-oversight/pay-leave/salaries-wages/salary-tables/15Tables/html/HOU.aspx|title=Pay & Leave : Salaries & Wages - OPM.gov|work=U.S. Office of Personnel Management}}</ref> As of the new astronaut candidate class announcement of 2024, astronaut candidates will be removed from the GS pay scale and be paid on an AD 'Administratively Determined" scale.
Military astronauts are detailed to the Johnson Space Center and remain on active duty for pay, benefits, leave, and similar military matters.
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There are three broad categories of qualifications: education, work experience, and medical.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://astronauts.nasa.gov/content/broch00.htm|title=- Astronaut Candidate Program}}</ref>
Candidates must have a [[master's degree]] from an accredited institution in [[engineering]], [[biological science]], [[physical science]] or [[mathematics]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/press-release/explorers-wanted-nasa-to-hire-more-artemis-generation-astronauts|title=Explorers Wanted: NASA to Hire More Artemis Generation Astronauts|first=Sean|last=Potter|date=Feb 11, 2020|website=NASA|accessdate=Apr 23, 2021}}</ref> The degree must be followed by at least two to three years of related, progressively responsible, professional experience (graduate work or studies) or at least 1,000 hours of pilot-in-command time in jet aircraft. An advanced degree is desirable and may be substituted for experience, such as a doctoral degree (which counts as the two years experience). Teaching experience, including experience at the
Candidates must have the ability to pass the NASA long-duration space flight physical, which includes the following specific requirements:
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===Astronauts===
{{
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! Astronaut !! Missions !! Group !! Days in Space▼
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| [[Nichole Ayers]] || None - awaiting assignment ||style="white-space: nowrap;" | 2021 [[NASA Astronaut Group 23|Group 23]] || 0
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| [[Michael Barratt (astronaut)|Michael Barratt]] || [[Soyuz TMA-14]] ([[Expedition 19]]/[[Expedition 20|20]]), [[STS-133]], [[SpaceX Crew-8]] ([[Expedition 70]]/[[Expedition 71|71]]) || 2000 [[NASA Astronaut Group 18|Group 18]] || Currently in space
▲! Astronaut !! Missions !! Group
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| [[Eric Boe]] || [[STS-126]], [[STS-133]] || 2000 [[NASA Astronaut Group 18|Group 18]] || 28.65
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| [[Stephen Bowen (astronaut)|Stephen Bowen]] || [[STS-126]], [[STS-132]], [[STS-133]], [[SpaceX Crew-6]] ([[Expedition 68]]/[[Expedition 69|69]]) || 2000 [[NASA Astronaut Group 18|Group 18]] || 226.36
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| [[Randolph Bresnik]] || [[STS-129]], [[Soyuz MS-05]] ([[Expedition 52]]/[[Expedition 53|53]]) || 2004 [[NASA Astronaut Group 19|Group 19]] || 149.51
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| [[Josh Cassada]] || [[SpaceX Crew-5]] ([[Expedition 68]]) || 2013 [[NASA Astronaut Group 21|Group 21]] || 157.42
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| [[Raja Chari]] || [[SpaceX Crew-3]] ([[Expedition 66]]/[[Expedition 67|67]])
|| 2017 [[NASA Astronaut Group 22|Group 22]] || 176.11
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| [[Luke Delaney (astronaut)|Luke Delaney]] || None - awaiting assignment || 2021 [[NASA Astronaut Group 23|Group 23]] || 0
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| [[Matthew Dominick]] || [[SpaceX Crew-8]] ([[Expedition 70]]/[[Expedition 71|71]]) || 2017 [[NASA Astronaut Group 22|Group 22]] || Currently in space
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| [[Andre Douglas]] || None - awaiting assignment || 2021 [[NASA Astronaut Group 23|Group 23]] || 0
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| [[Tracy Caldwell Dyson]] || [[STS-118]], [[Soyuz TMA-18]] ([[Expedition 23]]/[[Expedition 24|24]]), [[Soyuz MS-25]] ([[Expedition 70]]/[[Expedition 71|71]]) || 1998 [[NASA Astronaut Group 17|Group 17]] || Currently in space
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| [[Jeanette Epps]] || [[SpaceX Crew-8]] ([[Expedition 70]]/[[Expedition 71|71]]) || 2009 [[NASA Astronaut Group 20|Group 20]] || Currently in space
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| [[Michael Fincke]] || [[Soyuz TMA-4]] ([[Expedition 9]]), [[Soyuz TMA-13]] ([[Expedition 18]]), [[STS-134]], [[Boeing Starliner-1]] (upcoming flight) || 1996 [[NASA Astronaut Group 16|Group 16]] || 381.63
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There are currently{{citation needed|date=March 2024}} 19 "international active astronauts", "who are assigned to duties at the Johnson Space Center",<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nasa.gov/astronauts/biographies/international |title=Partner Astronauts |publisher=NASA |date=2018-12-11 |access-date=2019-03-03}}</ref> who were selected by their home agency to train as part of a NASA Astronaut Group and serve alongside their NASA counterparts. While the international astronauts, [[Payload Specialist]]s, and [[Spaceflight Participant]]s go through training with the NASA Astronaut Corps, they are not considered members of the corps.
===Management astronauts===
{{
<!--following needs to be checked for up to date-->
The management astronauts included personnel chosen to join the corps as early as 1987 ([[NASA Astronaut Group 12|Group 12]], Associate Administrator for the Human Exploration Operations Mission Directorate [[Kenneth D. Bowersox]]) and as recently as 2009 ([[NASA Astronaut Group 20|Group 20]], [[Serena Auñón-Chancellor]] of medical and [[Flight controller#CAPCOM|CAPCOM]] branches).<ref>{{cite web |title=Serena M. Auñón-Chancellor (M.D.) NASA Astronaut |date=October 2019 |publisher=NASA |url=https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/aunon.pdf |access-date=2021-01-24}}</ref>
===Astronaut candidates===
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*2013 [[NASA Astronaut Group 21|Group 21]] – "The 8-Balls" (composed of four male and four female candidates; highest percentage of females)
*2017 [[NASA Astronaut Group 22|Group 22]] – "The Turtles"
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== See also ==
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{{refend}}
* {{commons category-inline}}
* {{wikivoyage
{{NASA Astronaut Groups|state=uncollapsed}}
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{{NASA}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Nasa Astronaut Corps}}▼
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▲{{DEFAULTSORT:Nasa Astronaut Corps}}
[[Category:NASA Astronaut Corps| ]]
[[Category:NASA people|*]]
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The NASA Astronaut Corps is a unit of the United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) that selects, trains, and provides astronauts as crew members for U.S. and international space missions. It is based at Johnson Space CenterinHouston, Texas.
The first U.S. astronaut candidates were selected by NASA in 1959, for its Project Mercury with the objective of orbiting astronauts around the Earth in single-man capsules. The military services were asked to provide a list of military test pilots who met specific qualifications. After stringent screening, NASA announced its selection of the "Mercury Seven" as its first astronauts. Since then, NASA has selected 22 more groups of astronauts, opening the corps to civilians, scientists, doctors, engineers, and school teachers. As of the 2009 Astronaut Class, 61% of the astronauts selected by NASA have come from military service.[1]
NASA selects candidates from a diverse pool of applicants with a wide variety of backgrounds. From the thousands of applications received, only a few are chosen for the intensive astronaut candidate training program. Including the "Original Seven", 339 candidates have been selected to date.[2]
The Astronaut Corps is based at the Lyndon B. Johnson Space CenterinHouston, although members may be assigned to other locations based on mission requirements, e.g. Soyuz training at Star City, Russia.
The Chief of the Astronaut Office is the most senior leadership position for active astronauts in the Corps. The Chief Astronaut serves as head of the Corps and is the principal adviser to the NASA Administrator on astronaut training and operations. The first Chief Astronaut was Deke Slayton, appointed in 1962. The current Chief Astronaut is Joe Acaba.
Salaries for newly hired civilian astronauts are based on the federal government's General Schedule pay scale for grades GS-11 through GS-14. The astronaut's grade is based on his or her academic achievements and experience.[3] Astronauts can be promoted up to grade GS-15.[4] As of 2015, astronauts based at the Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas, earn between $66,026 (GS-11 step 1) and $158,700 (GS-15 step 8 and above).[5] As of the new astronaut candidate class announcement of 2024, astronaut candidates will be removed from the GS pay scale and be paid on an AD 'Administratively Determined" scale.
Military astronauts are detailed to the Johnson Space Center and remain on active duty for pay, benefits, leave, and similar military matters.
There are no age restrictions for the NASA Astronaut Corps. Astronaut candidates have ranged between the ages of 26 and 46, with the average age being 34. Candidates must be U.S. citizens to apply for the program.
There are three broad categories of qualifications: education, work experience, and medical.[6]
Candidates must have a master's degree from an accredited institution in engineering, biological science, physical scienceormathematics.[7] The degree must be followed by at least two to three years of related, progressively responsible, professional experience (graduate work or studies) or at least 1,000 hours of pilot-in-command time in jet aircraft. An advanced degree is desirable and may be substituted for experience, such as a doctoral degree (which counts as the two years experience). Teaching experience, including experience at the K–12 levels, is considered to be qualifying experience.
Candidates must have the ability to pass the NASA long-duration space flight physical, which includes the following specific requirements:
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This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (March 2023)
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As of March 2024[update], the corps has 48 "active" astronauts consisting of 20 women and 28 men[8] The highest number of active astronauts at one time was in 2000 when there were 149.[9] All of the current astronaut corps are from the classes of 1996 (Group 16) or later.
There are currently[citation needed] 19 "international active astronauts", "who are assigned to duties at the Johnson Space Center",[10] who were selected by their home agency to train as part of a NASA Astronaut Group and serve alongside their NASA counterparts. While the international astronauts, Payload Specialists, and Spaceflight Participants go through training with the NASA Astronaut Corps, they are not considered members of the corps.
As of January 2021[update], the corps has 13 "management" astronauts, who remain NASA employees but are no longer eligible for flight assignment. The current management astronauts are assigned to NASA operations as follows: Ames Research Center (one astronaut); NASA Headquarters (four); & Johnson Space Center (eight).[11] The management astronauts included personnel chosen to join the corps as early as 1987 (Group 12, Associate Administrator for the Human Exploration Operations Mission Directorate Kenneth D. Bowersox) and as recently as 2009 (Group 20, Serena Auñón-Chancellor of medical and CAPCOM branches).[12]
The term "Astronaut Candidate" (informally "ASCAN"[13]) refers to individuals who have been selected by NASA as candidates for the NASA Astronaut Corps and are currently undergoing a candidacy training program at the Johnson Space Center. The most recent class of astronaut candidates was selected in 2021.[14]
Only three astronaut candidates have resigned before completing training: Brian O'Leary and Anthony Llewellyn, both from the 1967 Selection Group, and Robb Kulin of the 2017 group. O'Leary resigned in April 1968 after additional Apollo missions were cancelled, Llewellyn resigned in August 1968 after failing to qualify as a jet pilot, and Kulin resigned in August 2018 for unspecified personal reasons.[15] Another astronaut candidate, Stephen Thorne, died in an airplane accident before he could finish astronaut training.[16]
Selection as an astronaut candidate and subsequent promotion to astronaut does not guarantee the individual will eventually fly in space. Some have voluntarily resigned or been medically disqualified after becoming astronauts but before being selected for flights.
Civilian candidates are expected to remain with the corps for at least five years after initial training; military candidates are assigned for specific tours. After these time limits, members of the Astronaut Corps may resign or retire at any time.
Three members of the Astronaut Corps (Gus Grissom, Edward White, and Roger B. Chaffee) were killed during a ground test accident while preparing for the Apollo 1 mission. Eleven were killed during spaceflight, on Space Shuttle missions STS-51-L and STS-107.[note 1] Another four (Elliot See, Charles Bassett, Theodore Freeman, and Clifton Williams) were killed in T-38 plane crashes during training for space flight during the Gemini and Apollo programs. Another was killed in a 1967 automobile accident, and another died in a 1991 commercial airliner crash while traveling on NASA business.
Two members of the corps have been involuntarily dismissed: Lisa Nowak and William Oefelein. Both were returned to service with the US Navy.
– Soyuz MS-09 (Expedition 56/57) – STS-34, STS-50, STS-71 – STS-87, STS-107 – STS-107 – STS-61-B, STS-30 – STS-73, STS-93, Soyuz TMA-20 (Expedition 26/27) – STS-63, STS-84, STS-93, STS-114 – STS-57, STS-70, STS-88, STS-109 – STS-47, STS-60, STS-85 – STS-61-A, STS-32, STS-50, STS-71, STS-89 – STS-51-A – STS-37, STS-59, STS-76, STS-108 – STS-54, STS-64, STS-78, STS-101, STS-102/STS-105 (Expedition 2) – STS-116 – STS-90, STS-130 – STS-47 – STS-40, STS-52, STS-67, STS-80, STS-96 – STS-91, STS-99, STS-104 – STS-67, STS-86, STS-91, STS-114 – STS-51-G, STS-34, STS-43, STS-58, STS-76/STS-79 (Mir EO-21/22) – STS-112, STS-126/STS-119 (Expedition 18), STS-135 – STS-92, STS-112, STS-120 – STS-131 – STS-118 – STS-121 – STS-124, Soyuz TMA-09M (Expedition 36/37) – STS-56, STS-66, STS-96, STS-110 – STS-41-D, STS-51-L – STS-7, STS-41-G – STS-51-D, STS-40, STS-58 – STS-115, STS-126 – STS-83, STS-94 – STS-128/STS-129 (Expedition 20/21), STS-133 – STS-41-G, STS-31, STS-45 – STS-33, STS-49, STS-61, STS-73 – STS-57, STS-63, STS-83, STS-94, STS-99 – STS-70, STS-101 – STS-111/STS-113 (Expedition 5), Soyuz TMA-11 (Expedition 16), Soyuz MS-03/Soyuz MS-04 (Expedition 51/52/53)
This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
Media related to NASA Astronaut Groups at Wikimedia Commons
NASA Astronaut Corps travel guide from Wikivoyage|
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This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
