reformatted remaining refs with standard template
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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* [http://ca.expasy.org/uniprot/Q9Y490 Talin-1] UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entry [[http://ca.expasy.org/uniprot/Q9Y490 Q9Y490] |
* [http://ca.expasy.org/uniprot/Q9Y490 Talin-1] UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entry [[http://ca.expasy.org/uniprot/Q9Y490 Q9Y490] |
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* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8DOTnKHFTTg Talin substrate for calpain] - PMAP [[The Proteolysis Map]] animation. |
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* {{MeshName|Integrins}} |
* {{MeshName|Integrins}} |
talin 1 | |||||||
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Identifiers | |||||||
Symbol | TLN1 | ||||||
Alt. symbols | TLN | ||||||
NCBI gene | 7094 | ||||||
HGNC | 11845 | ||||||
OMIM | 186745 | ||||||
RefSeq | NM_006289 | ||||||
UniProt | Q9Y490 | ||||||
Other data | |||||||
Locus | Chr. 9 p23-p21 | ||||||
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talin 2 | |||||||
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Identifiers | |||||||
Symbol | TLN2 | ||||||
NCBI gene | 83660 | ||||||
HGNC | 15447 | ||||||
OMIM | 607349 | ||||||
RefSeq | NM_015059 | ||||||
UniProt | Q9Y4G6 | ||||||
Other data | |||||||
Locus | Chr. 15 q15-q21 | ||||||
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TALIN is a high-molecular-weight cytoskeletal protein concentrated at regions of cell–substratum contact[1] and, in lymphocytes, at cell–cell contacts.[2][3] Talin is a ubiquitous cytosolic protein that is found in high concentrations in focal adhesions. It is capable of linking integrins to the actin cytoskeleton either directly or indirectly by interacting with vinculin and alpha-actinin.[4] Integrin receptors are involved in the attachment of adherent cells to extracellular matrices[5][6] and of lymphocytes to other cells. In these situations, talin codistributes with concentrations of integrins in the cell surface membrane.[7][8] Furthermore, in vitro binding studies suggest that integrins bind to talin, although with low affinity.[9] Talin also binds with high affinity to vinculin,[10] another cytoskeletal protein concentrated at points of cell adhesion.[11] Finally, talin is a substrate for the Ca2+-activated protease, calpain II,[12] which is also concentrated at points of cell-substratum contact.[13]
Talin consists of a large C-terminal rod domain that contains bundles of α-alpha helices and an N-terminal FERM (band 4.1, ezrin, radixin, and moesin) domain with three subdomains: F1, F2, and F3.[14][15][16][17] The F3 subdomain of the FERM domain contains the highest affinity integrin-binding site for integrin β tails and is sufficient to activate integrins.[18]
A structure-function analysis reported recently[19] provides a cogent structural model (see top right) to explain talin-dependent integrin activation in three steps:
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Proteins of the cytoskeleton
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See also: cytoskeletal defects |
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Fibroblast |
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EGF-like domain |
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TGFβ pathway |
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Insulin/IGF/ Relaxin family |
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Platelet-derived |
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Vascular endothelial |
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Other |
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Antibody receptor: Fc receptor |
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Antigen receptor |
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Cytokine receptor |
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Killer-cell IG-like receptors |
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Leukocyte IG-like receptors |
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