Probable G-protein coupled receptor 37 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GPR37 gene.[5][6][7] GPR37 is primarily found in the central nervous system (CNS), with significant expression observed in various CNS regions including the amygdala, basal ganglia (caudate, putamen, and nucleus accumbens), substantia nigra, hippocampus, frontal cortex, and hypothalamus, particularly noteworthy is its exceptionally elevated expression in the spinal cord.[8]
GPR37 has been shown to interact with HSPA1A[9] and Parkin (ligase).[9][10] GPR37 is a receptor for prosaposin. It was previously thought to be a receptor for head activator, a neuropeptide found in the hydra, but early reports of head activator in mammals were never confirmed.[11] To address challenges in confirming ligand-GPR37 interactions using recombinant GPR37 expressed in HEK293 cells, recent research has turned to primary cell cultures, leading to successful ligand identification.[12] These investigations have unveiled the involvement of osteocalcin with GPR37 to regulate processes such as oligodendrocyte differentiation, myelination, myelin production, and remyelination following demyelinating injuries.[13] Furthermore, osteocalcin treatment has demonstrated protective effects against Lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation, which are absent in GPR37-deficient mice.[14]
GPR37 signaling has been shown to modulate the migration of olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) cells in mice.[15]
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