Melatonin receptor 1B, also known as MTNR1B, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MTNR1B gene.[5][6]
This gene encodes the MT2 protein, one of two high-affinity forms of a receptor for melatonin, the primary hormone secreted by the pineal gland. This gene product is an integral membrane protein that is a G-protein coupled, 7-transmembrane receptor. It is found primarily in the retina and brain; however, this detection requires RT-PCR. It is thought to participate in light-dependent functions in the retina and may be involved in the neurobiological effects of melatonin.[5] Besides the brain and retina this receptor is expressed on the bone forming cells where it regulates their function in depositing bone.[7]
Several studies have identified MTNR1B receptor mutations that are associated with increased average blood sugar level and around a 20 percent elevated risk of developing type 2 diabetes.[8][9][10] MTNR1B mRNA is expressed in human islets, and immunocytochemistry confirms that it is primarily localized in beta cellsinislets.[9]
The following MT2R ligands have selectivity over MT1R:
This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.
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| MT1Tooltip Melatonin receptor 1 |
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| MT2Tooltip Melatonin receptor 2 |
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