Zanabazar's square script 𑨢𑨆𑨏𑨳𑨋𑨆𑨬𑨳 | |
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Script type | |
Creator | Zanabazar |
Time period | unknown |
Direction | Left-to-right |
Languages | Mongolian, Tibetan, Sanskrit |
Related scripts | |
Parent systems | |
ISO 15924 | |
ISO 15924 | Zanb (339), Zanabazar Square (Zanabazarin Dörböljin Useg, Xewtee Dörböljin Bicig, Horizontal Square Script) |
Unicode | |
Unicode alias | Zanabazar Square |
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Brahmic scripts |
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The Brahmi script and its descendants |
Northern Brahmic |
Southern Brahmic
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Zanabazar's square script is a horizontal Mongolian square script (Mongolian: Хэвтээ Дөрвөлжин бичиг, romanized: Hevtee Dörvöljin bichigorХэвтээ Дөрвөлжин Үсэг, Hevtee Dörvöljin Üseg),[1]anabugida developed by the monk and scholar Zanabazar based on the Tibetan alphabettowrite Mongolian. It can also be used to write Tibetan language and Sanskrit as a geometric typeface.[2][3]
It was re-discovered in 1801 and the script's applications during its using period are not known, read left to right, and employed vowel diacritics above and below the consonant letters.[1]
The Zanabazar Square script is an abugida. Consonant represent a syllable with an inherent vowel /a/. The vowel can be changed by adding a diacritic to the consonant. Only the vowel /a/ is written as an independent letter; other independent vowels, for example those at the start of a word which can't be attached to a consonant, are written by adding the appropriate diacritic to the letter ⟨𑨀⟩. A length mark indicates that the vowel sound is long and a candrabindu ⟨◌𑨵⟩ indicates that it is nasalised.[4] The final consonant mark ⟨◌𑨳⟩ functions as a virama, or "killer stroke" that removes the inherent vowel, leaving an isolated consonant. When transcribing Sanskrit or Tibetan, a different virama, ⟨◌ 𑨴⟩ is used. Two additional diacritics are used for Sanskrit transcription, the anusvara ⟨◌𑨸⟩, which adds nasalisation and the visarga ⟨◌𑨹⟩, which adds aspiration.
diacritics |
◌ 𑨁
i
|
◌ 𑨂
ue
|
◌ 𑨃
u
|
◌ 𑨄
e
|
◌ 𑨅
oe
|
◌𑨆
o
|
◌𑨇
ai or i
|
◌𑨈
au or u
|
◌𑨉
i
|
◌𑨊
-
|
◌𑨵
|
◌𑨳
-
|
◌ 𑨴
-
|
◌𑨸
ṃ
|
◌𑨹
ḥ
| |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
independent vowels |
𑨀
a
|
𑨀𑨁
i
|
𑨀𑨂
ue
|
𑨀𑨃
u
|
𑨀𑨄
e
|
𑨀𑨅
oe
|
𑨀𑨆
o
|
𑨀𑨇
ai or i
|
𑨀𑨈
au or u
|
𑨀𑨉
i
|
𑨀𑨊
ā
|
𑨀𑨵
ã
|
𑨀𑨸
aṃ
|
𑨀𑨹
aḥ
| ||
consonant ⟨𑨋⟩ + diacritic |
𑨋
ka
|
𑨋𑨁
ki
|
𑨋𑨂
kue
|
𑨋𑨃
ku
|
𑨋𑨄
ke
|
𑨋𑨅
koe
|
𑨋𑨆
ko
|
𑨋𑨇
kai
or ki |
𑨋𑨈
kau
or ku |
𑨋𑨉
ki
|
𑨋𑨊
k
|
𑨋𑨵
kã
|
𑨋𑨳
k
|
𑨋𑨴
k
|
𑨋𑨸
kaṃ
|
𑨋𑨹
kaḥ
|
The Zanabazar script includes twenty basic consonants used for writing Mongolian, and twenty additional consonants that are used for transcribing Sanskrit, Tibetan, Chinese, and other languages.[4]
𑨍
ga
|
𑨋
ka
|
𑨏
nga
|
𑨒
ja
|
𑨐
ca
|
𑨓
nya
|
𑨛
da
|
𑨚
tha
|
𑨝
na
|
𑨠
ba
|
𑨞
pa
|
𑨢
ma
|
𑨪
ya
|
𑨫
ra
|
𑨭
va
|
𑨬
la
|
𑨮
sha
|
𑨰
sa
|
𑨱
ha
|
𑨲
kssa
|
𑨌
kha
|
𑨎
gha
|
𑨑
cha
|
𑨔
tta
|
𑨕
ttha
|
𑨖
dda
|
𑨗
ddha
|
𑨘
nna
|
𑨙
ta
|
𑨜
dha
|
𑨟
pha
|
𑨡
bha
|
𑨣
tsa
|
𑨤
tsha
|
𑨥
dza
|
𑨦
dzha
|
𑨧
zha
|
𑨨
za
|
𑨩
-a
|
𑨯
ssa
|
The following diacritics are used for transcribing Tibetan consonant clusters.
diacritic |
𑨺
r-
|
◌𑨻
-ya
|
◌𑨼
-ra
|
◌𑨽
-la
|
◌𑨾
-va
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|
consonant ⟨𑨋⟩ + diacritic |
𑨺𑨋
rka
|
𑨋𑨻
kya
|
𑨋𑨼
kra
|
𑨋𑨽
kla
|
𑨋𑨾
kva
|
Head marks are similar to Tibetan yig mgo, and may be used to mark the beginning of a text, page, or section. They may be decorated with a candra, ⟨◌ 𑨶⟩or⟨◌ 𑨶⟩
𑨿𑩀 𑨿 𑨶𑩀 𑨿 𑨷𑩀
single-line
|
𑩅𑩆
double-line
|
𑩁
tsheg
|
𑩂
shad
|
𑩃
double shad
|
𑩄
long tsheg
|
"Zanabazar Square" has been included in the Unicode Standard since the release of Unicode version 10.0 in June 2017. The Zanabazar Square block contains 72 characters.[5]
The Unicode block for Zanabazar Square is U+11A00–U+11A4F:
Zanabazar Square[1][2] Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF) | ||||||||||||||||
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F | |
U+11A0x | 𑨀 | 𑨁 | 𑨂 | 𑨃 | 𑨄 | 𑨅 | 𑨆 | 𑨇 | 𑨈 | 𑨉 | 𑨊 | 𑨋 | 𑨌 | 𑨍 | 𑨎 | 𑨏 |
U+11A1x | 𑨐 | 𑨑 | 𑨒 | 𑨓 | 𑨔 | 𑨕 | 𑨖 | 𑨗 | 𑨘 | 𑨙 | 𑨚 | 𑨛 | 𑨜 | 𑨝 | 𑨞 | 𑨟 |
U+11A2x | 𑨠 | 𑨡 | 𑨢 | 𑨣 | 𑨤 | 𑨥 | 𑨦 | 𑨧 | 𑨨 | 𑨩 | 𑨪 | 𑨫 | 𑨬 | 𑨭 | 𑨮 | 𑨯 |
U+11A3x | 𑨰 | 𑨱 | 𑨲 | 𑨳 | 𑨴 | 𑨵 | 𑨶 | 𑨷 | 𑨸 | 𑨹 | 𑨺 | 𑨻 | 𑨼 | 𑨽 | 𑨾 | 𑨿 |
U+11A4x | 𑩀 | 𑩁 | 𑩂 | 𑩃 | 𑩄 | 𑩅 | 𑩆 | 𑩇 | ||||||||
Notes |