Mitochondrial ribosomeormitoribosome is a protein complex that is active in mitochondria and functions as a riboprotein for translating mitochondrial mRNAs encoded in mtDNA. Mitoribosomes, like cytoplasmic ribosomes, consist of two subunits — large (mtLSU) and small (mt-SSU).[1] However, the ratio of rRNA/protein is different from cytoplasmic ribosomes, mitoribosomes consist of several specific proteins and less rRNAs.[1]
Mitochondria contain around 1000 proteins in yeast and 1500 proteins in human organisms; however only 8 and 13 proteins are encoded in mtDNA in yeast and human, respectively. Most of mitochondrial proteins are synthesized via cytoplasmic ribosomes.[2] Proteins that are the key components in the electron transport chain are translated in mitochondria.[3][4]
Mammalian mitoribosomes have small 28S and large 39S subunits, together forming a 55S mitoribosome.[5]
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Ribosomal RNA / ribosome subunits
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