Jian'ou | |
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Gṳ̿ing-é-dī / 建甌事 | |
Pronunciation | [kuiŋ˧ ɪ˥˦ ti˦] |
Native to | Southern China |
Region | Jian'ou, Fujian province |
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Early forms | |
Chinese character, Kienning Colloquial Romanized | |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | – |
Glottolog | jian1240 |
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Jian'ou dialect | |||||||
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Traditional Chinese | 建甌話 | ||||||
Simplified Chinese | 建瓯话 | ||||||
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Alternative Chinese name | |||||||
Traditional Chinese | 建甌事 | ||||||
Simplified Chinese | 建瓯事 | ||||||
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The Jian'ou dialect (Northern Min: Gṳ̿ing-é-dī / 建甌事; Chinese: simplified Chinese: 建瓯话; traditional Chinese: 建甌話; pinyin: Jiàn'ōuhuà), also known as Kienow dialect, is a local dialect of Northern Min Chinese spoken in Jian'ou in northern Fujian province. It is regarded as the standard common language in Jian'ou.
According to The Eight Tones of Kien-chou (建州八音), a rime dictionary published in 1795, the Jian'ou dialect had 15 initials, 34 rimes and 7 tones in the 18th century, however there are only 6 tones in the modern dialect as the "light level" (陽平) tone has disappeared.
Bilabial | Alveolar | Velar | Glottal | ||
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Nasal | m | n | ŋ | ||
Plosive | voiceless unaspirated | p | t | k | ʔ |
voiceless aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | kʰ | ||
Affricate | voiceless unaspirated | ts | |||
voiceless aspirated | tsʰ | ||||
Fricative | s | x | |||
Approximant | l |
Open syllable | Nasal coda | |||||||||||||||
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Open mouth | a | e[4] | ɛ | œ | ɔ | o[5] | ai | au | aŋ | aiŋ | eiŋ | œyŋ | ɔŋ [6] | |||
Even mouth | i | ia | iɛ | iɔ | iau | iu | iŋ | iaŋ | ieiŋ[7] | iɔŋ | ||||||
Closed mouth | u | ua | uɛ [8] | uai | uiŋ [9] | uaŋ | uaiŋ | uɔŋ | ||||||||
Round mouth | y | yɛ [8] | yiŋ [9] |
Jian'ou has four tones, which are reduced to two in checked syllables.
Tone number | Tone name | Tone contour |
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1 | level (平聲) | ˥˦ (54) or ˥ (5) |
2 | rising (上聲) | ˨˩ (21) or ˩ (1) |
3 | dark departing (陰去) | ˨ (2) |
4 | light departing (陽去) | ˦ (4) |
5 | dark entering (陰入) | ˨˦ (24) |
6 | light entering (陽入) | ˦˨ (42) |
The entering tones in the Jian'ou dialect do not have any entering tone coda (入聲韻尾) such as /-ʔ/, /-p̚/, /-t̚/ and /-k̚/ which makes it distinct from many other Chinese varieties.
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Standard forms |
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Phonology |
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Grammar |
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Idioms |
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History |
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