アル=ヌスラ戦線

出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』

: جبهة النصرة لأهل الشام20171284

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[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]2012123[8]

2012[9]10[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][11][21]

20134ISIL[22][23]Abu Mohammad al-Jawlani[24]20135ISIL調ISIL[25][26][27][ 1]



2016728: Jabhat Fateh al-Sham: جبهة فتح الشام[28]

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[29][30][31][32][33][34][35][34][36]

2014Dr Sami Al OraidiAbu Musab al-Suri44[37]

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Quilliam退2011ISIISIL20111020121[38]

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2012124213[8] Mohammed al-Saeed[39]

Hoshyar ZebariISIL[40][41][42]

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[43]2[44]al-Zahra al-Zubaydi[ 2][45]Nawaf al-Fares[46]

2012627Drousha[47][48]

2012[49]2012104[50]

20121012[50][51]29[52][53][54][50][34][34]

201211[55]201211617-9[9]David Ignatius[9][9]

20121210[56]23[57]

20131[49][58]

201312878[59]

ISIL[]


201348ISIISIS[60]ISIISIS[49][61]Abu Mohammad al-Jawlani[49][62]調ISIS[49][63][64]

2013424[65]

20135[66]

201311ISIL[67]Tanzim Qa'edat Al-Jihad fi Bilad Al-Sham[6]

ISISAhrar ash-ShamAbu Khaled al-SouriISIS2014253ISIL[68]

2014416ISISAbu Mohammad al-Ansari[69]20145ISIS[70]

201482845[71]使[72]

201535[73]

2015[74][75]

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20137Al-Shaddadah1,600[76]201412[77]

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[78]20132011ISIL[79][80]

[81]20131120136[82]

Malhama TacticalMalhama TacticalAbu Rofiq (201727)10[83]

関連項目[編集]

注釈[編集]

  1. ^ ISILはアルカイダの関連組織であるが、2013年5月にザワーヒリーが解散を命令して以降、アルカイダ関連組織としての正当性を失っている
  2. ^ フォーラムで活動していた有名なムジャヒディーン。

出典[編集]



(一)^ Zawahiri disbands main Qaeda faction in Syria.  GlobalPost (2013118). 20131115

(二)^ Zawahiri disbands main Qaeda faction in Syria. The Daily Star (2013118). 20131115

(三)^ Al-Qaeda leader orders main branch in Syria disbanded. Russia Today. 2013119

(四)^ Al-Nusra Front claims responsibility for Lebanon attack Press TV, 16 January 2014

(五)^ Al Qaeda-linked group Al Nusra Front claims deadly car bombing in Lebanese capital Beirut [[ABC (Australia) |ABC]], 21 January 2014

(六)^ abAl-Qaeda Upgrades Its Presence in Syria. MEMRI. (20131125). http://www.memri.org/report/en/0/0/0/0/207/0/7589.htm 2015824 

(七)^ . 201349.  2011. 201368

(八)^ abIslamist group claims Syria bombs 'to avenge Sunnis'. Al Arabiya. (2012321). http://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2012/03/21/202177.html 2012323 

(九)^ abcdIgnatius, David (20121130). Al-Qaeda affiliate playing larger role in Syria rebellion. The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-partisan/post/al-qaeda-affiliate-playing-larger-role-in-syria-rebellion/2012/11/30/203d06f4-3b2e-11e2-9258-ac7c78d5c680_blog.html 2015828 

(十)^ UN blacklists Syria's al-Nusra Front. . (2013531). http://www.aljazeera.com/news/americas/2013/05/201353021594299298.html 201592 

(11)^ abTurkey lists al-Nusra Front as terrorist organization. Hürriyet Daily News. (201463). http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/turkey-lists-al-nusra-front-as-terrorist-organization.aspx?pageID=238&nid=67322 201593 

(12)^ Liste unique de gels. République Française, Trésor Direction Générale, Sanctions financières internationales. Published 28 August 2015. Retrieved 3 September 2015. (Click on liste consolidée de gel d'avoirs; then click on liste unique:) Nr. 314: Al-Nusrah Front. [translated:] Designated by the regulation (European Union) nr. 583/2014 of 28 May 2014. Previously, Al-Nusrah was inscribed on the list, between 30 May 2013 and 13 May 2014, in its quality of alias of Al-Qaida in Iraq. Category: terrorism. Rule: Resolution 1989.

(13)^ Australian Government lists anti-Assad Syrian group as terrorist organisation - ABC News ().  Australian Broadcasting Corporation (2013629). 20131115

(14)^ Britain bans Syria's al-Qaida-linked Nusra Front on terrorism grounds. FOX. (2013719). http://www.foxnews.com/world/2013/07/19/britain-bans-syria-al-qaida-linked-nusra-front-on-terrorism-grounds/ 20131115 

(15)^ List of Proscribed organisations UK government, 27 March 2015. Retrieved 2 September 2015. Page 6: "The Government laid an Order, in July 2013, which provided that the al-Nusrah Front (ANF) and Jabhat al-Nusrah li-ahl al Sham should be treated as alternative names for the organization which is already proscribed under the name Al Qa'ida."

(16)^ Public Safety Canada. Currently listed entities..  Publicsafety.gc.ca (20141120). 201593

(17)^ Saudi Arabia lists terrorist groups - Xinhua | English.news.cn. . (201438). http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/world/2014-03/08/c_133169759.htm 2014818 

(18)^ (List of) Designated individuals and organisations in New Zealand as terrorist entities. police.govt.nz, (presumably) 26 Nov. 2014. Retrieved 2 September 2015. See page 135: associated with Al-Qaeda; page 151: Al-Nusrah Front, Listed on 14/5/2014.

(19)^ UAE to try nine for recruiting militants to fight in Syria: agency. Reuters. (2014519). http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/05/19/us-security-emirates-trial-idUSBREA4I0JH20140519 2014818 

(20)^ Russia calls on all states to put Islamic State, Jabhat al-Nusra on terrorist lists.  Russian News Agency "TASS". 20141229

(21)^ Dorian Jones (201464). Turkey Designates Al-Nusra Front as a Terrorist Organization.  . 2014818

(22)^ Qaeda in Iraq confirms Syria's Nusra is part of network. Agence France-Presse (201349). 201349

(23)^ . (). (2013410). https://www.afpbb.com/articles/-/2938033?pid=10560953 2013428 

(24)^ Al-Nusra Commits to al-Qaeda, Deny Iraq Branch 'Merger'. Agence France Presse. (2013410). http://www.naharnet.com/stories/en/78961-al-nusra-commits-to-al-qaida-deny-iraq-branch-merger/ 2013518 

(25)^ Insight: Syria's Nusra Front eclipsed by Iraq-based al Qaeda. Reuters. (2013517). http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/05/17/us-syria-crisis-nusra-idUSBRE94G0FY20130517 2013518 

(26)^ Spencer, Richard (2013519). Syria: Jabhat al-Nusra split after leader's pledge of support for al-Qaeda. London: The Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/syria/10067318/Syria-Jabhat-al-Nusra-split-after-leaders-pledge-of-support-for-al-Qaeda.html 2013521 

(27)^ Iraqi al-Qaeda chief rejects Zawahiri orders.  Al Jazeera (2013615). 2013615

(28)^ Syrian Nusra Front announces split from al-Qaeda. (2016728). http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-36916606 2016728 

(29)^ New Enemies Across Syrian Border (2014826). 201872

(30)^ The Syrian rebel groups pulling in foreign fighters (20131224). 201872

(31)^ al-Khatieb, Mohammed (2014718). Jabhat al-Nusra, IS compete for foreign fighters. Al-Monitor. 20171019. https://web.archive.org/web/20171019143517/http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/07/jabhat-al-nusra-announce-islamic-emirate.html 

(32)^ Al-Nusra Front not yet dead as its emir devises "Islamic Emirate of the Levant".  al-akhbar (2014712). 201872

(33)^ Al-Nusra Front (2012). 201411

(34)^ abcdSherlock, Ruth (2012122). Inside Jabhat al Nusra - the most extreme wing of Syria's struggle. The Daily Telegraph (London). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/syria/9716545/Inside-Jabhat-al-Nusra-the-most-extreme-wing-of-Syrias-struggle.html 2012122 

(35)^ Profile: Syria's al-Nusra Front. BBC News. (2012515). http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-18048033 2012731 

(36)^ Nusra leader: No end to conflict with ISIL in Syria.  Al Jazeera (201564). 201565

(37)^ Hassan Hassan (201434). A jihadist blueprint for hearts and minds is gaining traction in Syria. The National. http://thenational.ae/thenationalconversation/comment/a-jihadist-blueprint-for-hearts-and-minds-is-gaining-traction-in-syria 

(38)^ Jabhat al-Nusra A Strategic Briefing. Quilliam Foundation. (201318). http://www.quilliamfoundation.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/publications/free/jabhat-al-nusra-a-strategic-briefing.pdf 2013331 

(39)^ Syrian TV presenter executed - Doha Freedom Centre.  dc4mf.org (201284). 2014626

(40)^ Karam, Zeina (07/6/2012). Iraq: Al-Qaeda migrates to Syria. Associated Press 

(41)^ Syria Conflict: Rebels, Army Battle Over Taftanaz Airbase. Huffington Post. (2012113). http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/11/03/syria-conflict-taftanaz_n_2068861.html 201357 

(42)^ With wary eye, Syrian rebels welcome Islamists into their ranks. The Times of Israel. (20121025). http://www.timesofisrael.com/with-wary-eye-syrian-rebels-welcome-islamists-into-their-ranks/ 20121128 

(43)^ Unknown Islamist group claims suicide attacks in Syria.  Al Arabiya (2012229). 2012325

(44)^ Jihadists, weapons 'moving from Iraq to Syria' (2012211). 2012325

(45)^ Elizabeth O'Bagy (20129). Jihad in Syria (PDF).  Institute for the Study of War. 201357

(46)^ Sherlock, Ruth (2014120). Exclusive interview: why I defected from Bashar al-Assad's regime, by former diplomat Nawaf Fares. Telegraph (London). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/syria/9400537/Exclusive-interview-why-I-defected-from-Bashar-al-Assads-regime-by-former-diplomat-Nawaf-Fares.html 2014120 

(47)^ Seven killed in attack on Syrian TV station. Mail & Guardian (2012627). 201357

(48)^ Jihadists claim Syria attacks. Associated Press. (201274). http://bigstory.ap.org/article/monitor-group-says-jihadists-claim-syria-attacks 20131115 []

(49)^ abcdeAbouzeid, Rania (2014623). The Jihad Next Door.  Politico. 2015113

(50)^ abcWith wary eye, Syrian rebels welcome Islamists into their ranks. The Times of Israel. (20121025). http://www.timesofisrael.com/with-wary-eye-syrian-rebels-welcome-islamists-into-their-ranks/ 20121128 

(51)^ Islamist groups gaining prominence in Syria fight. USA Today. (20121214). http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2012/12/13/syria-bombing-assad/1766029/ 20121214 

(52)^ Syrian rebels defy US and pledge allegiance to jihadi group. The Telegraph (London). (20121210). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/syria/9735988/Syrian-rebels-defy-US-and-pledge-allegiance-to-jihadi-group.html 20121214 

(53)^ Syrian protesters slam U.S. blacklisting of jihadist group. Daily Star. Agence France-Presse. (20121214). http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2012/Dec-14/198527-syrian-protesters-slam-us-blacklisting-of-jihadist-group.ashx 2015826 

(54)^ For newly recognized Syrian rebel coalition, a first dispute with US. The Christian Science Monitor. (20121212). http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Foreign-Policy/2012/1212/For-newly-recognized-Syrian-rebel-coalition-a-first-dispute-with-US-video 2015826 

(55)^ Syria Conflict: Rebels, Army Battle Over Taftanaz Airbase. The Huffington Post. (2012113). http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/11/03/syria-conflict-taftanaz_n_2068861.html 201357 

(56)^ U.S. Places Militant Syrian Rebel Group on List of Terrorist Organizations. New York Times. (20121210). http://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/11/world/middleeast/us-designates-syrian-al-nusra-front-as-terrorist-group.html?_r=0 201534 

(57)^ Syria 'secures chemical weapons stockpile'. Al Jazeera. (20121223). http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2012/12/201212221532021654.html 20121229 

(58)^ Free Syrian Army rebels defect to Islamist group Jabhat al-Nusra. The Guardian (London). (201358). http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/may/08/free-syrian-army-rebels-defect-islamist-group 

(59)^ 781. (). (2013130). https://www.afpbb.com/articles/-/2924388?pid=10189545 2013428 

(60)^ Qaeda in Iraq confirms Syria's Nusra is part of network. Agence France-Presse. (201349). http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/afp/130409/qaeda-iraq-confirms-syrias-nusra-part-network 201349 

(61)^ ISI Confirms That Jabhat Al-Nusra Is Its Extension In Syria, Declares 'Islamic State Of Iraq And Al-Sham' As New Name of Merged Group.  MEMRI (201348). 2013410

(62)^ Al-Nusra Commits to al-Qaeda, Deny Iraq Branch 'Merger'. Agence France-Presse. (2013410). http://www.naharnet.com/stories/en/78961-al-nusra-commits-to-al-qaida-deny-iraq-branch-merger/ 2013518 

(63)^ Spencer, Richard (2013519). Syria: Jabhat al-Nusra split after leader's pledge of support for al-Qaeda. The Telegraph (London). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/syria/10067318/Syria-Jabhat-al-Nusra-split-after-leaders-pledge-of-support-for-al-Qaeda.html 2013521 

(64)^ Iraqi al-Qaeda chief rejects Zawahiri orders.  Al Jazeera (2013615). 2013615

(65)^  . AFPBB News (). (2013425). https://www.afpbb.com/articles/-/2940572?pid=10639319 2013428 

(66)^ Insight: Syria's Nusra Front eclipsed by Iraq-based al Qaeda. Reuters. (2013517). http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/05/17/us-syria-crisis-nusra-idUSBRE94G0FY20130517 2013518 

(67)^ Zawahiri disbands main Qaeda faction in Syria.  GlobalPost (2013118). 20131115

(68)^ Syria: al-Nusra Front declares war on ISIS.  Al Akhbar English (2014226). 2014818

(69)^ Al-Nusra chief killed by rivals in Syria. (2014416). https://uk.news.yahoo.com/al-nusra-chief-killed-rivals-syria-171410189.html 201563 

(70)^ Hundreds killed as ISIL insurgents gain ground in east Syria. Reuters. (2014610). http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/06/10/us-syria-crisis-rebels-idUSKBN0EL10R20140610?irpc=932 2014712 

(71)^ UN official defends Indian general in Syrian peacekeeping controversy. Zee News. IANS. (201494). http://zeenews.india.com/news/world/un-official-defends-indian-general-in-syrian-peacekeeping-controversy_1465066.html 2014913 

(72)^ Kais, Roi. "Qaeda-rebels: UN Peacekeepers to be judged according to God." Ynetnews. 5 September 2014. 5 September 2014.

(73)^ Why Assad is losing. Foreign Policy (201555). 2015831

(74)^ Russia launches media offensive on Syria bombing. BBC News. (2015101). http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34411653 

(75)^ "Al-Qaeda Affiliate Issues Bounty for Capture of Russian Soldiers in Syria". Newsweek. 2 October 2015.

(76)^ Syria's al-Nusra Front  ruthless, organised and taking control. The Guardian. (2013710). http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jul/10/syria-al-nusra-front-jihadi 20131219 

(77)^ Syria rebels capture key Idlib army bases. Al Jazeera English (20141215). 2015831

(78)^ How Qatar seized control of the Syrian revolution Financial Times, 17 May 2013

(79)^ http://www.longwarjournal.org/threat-matrix/archives/2014/04/the_murky_flow_of_us_weapons_i.php

(80)^ http://m.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/cia-begins-weapons-delivery-to-syrian-rebels/2013/09/11/9fcf2ed8-1b0c-11e3-a628-7e6dde8f889d_story.html

(81)^ American and International Militants Drawn to Syria.  Anti-Defamation League. 2014626

(82)^ North Carolina Arrest Marks 6th American In 2013 Associated With Al Qaeda In Syria. Access ADL.  Anti-Defamation League. 20131113

(83)^ The Blackwater of Jihad. 201783