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トランスヒューマニズム

出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』

: transhumanism[1][2]>HH+[3]使[1][2]

使[4][5]

1960FM-2030[6]Max More1990[6][7][8]

[6]

2017Penn State University PressStefan Lorenz SorgnerJames HughesJournal of Posthuman Studies[9]

[]

[]


[10]

Political Justice1793Physical ImmortalityEarthly ImmortalitySt. Leon寿1799St. Leon[11]

Übermensch[10][12][13][14]Max MoreStefan Lorenz Sorgner[12]Well-being[15]

1920N.F. Fyodorov[16]

[]

1957

1923JBS: Daedalus or Science and the Future[]Transhumanism

1929The World, the Flesh and the Devil[17][10]

1957W. D. Lighthall1940[18]

[19]

1980使1960C2001使

1960[20]

[21]

[]


1965I. J. Good

[22]

1960[23][24][25]201966FM-2030F. M. Esfandiary[26]1972The Prospect of Immortality1964[27]Man into Superman1972[28]FM-20301973Upwingers Manifesto[29]

[]


1980FM-2030[30]EZTV MediaNatasha Vita-More1980Breaking Away[31][32]FM-2030Vita-MoreFM-2030Vita-More1982Vita-MoreTranshumanist Arts Statement[33]6TransCentury Update10

1986K  : Engines of Creation: The Coming Era of Nanotechnology[34]Foresight Institute1988Extropy MagazineMax MoreTom Morrow1990More[35]



1992MoreMorrow1998David Pearce調WTA[36]2002WTA[15]WTAHumanity+FAQ[37]


(一)

(二)使


WTA[6][38]2006James HughesWTA[38][39]2006使[40]2008WTAHumanity+[41]2012Longevity Party30[42][43]

Mormon Transhumanist Association2006[44]2012[45]

Giuseppe Vatinno[46]

20142016LGBT2500025[47]

理論[編集]


[48][49][50][51][52]

i.e. [6][53]

[24][54][55]

i.e. [56][57]

Dwight Gilbert JonesDNADNABodies or lives via cloning, Church of Man, 1978DNAGenity400DNAThe Humanist  1000 Summers2011調

Technoself studies[58]

[]


使
バイト、1985年4月[59]
レイ・カーツワイルは、世界の主要な出来事をグラフにプロットすることで、「人間の人生が不可逆的に変化する」までの時間を予測できると考えている。

調[37]



50[60]使[61]

Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies2011-2012Hank Pellissier調81823.8%[62]退[62]

共感的可謬性と会話合意[編集]


調[63][64][65][66]

[]


[][67]Dan Agin19[68]

使使[69]M.J. McNameeS.D. Edwards[70][70]

[]


[71]

[72]

[35]

寿[73]

[68]

[74]

[75]

[60]

[72]

[]


[36][73]20[76]使Neurotheology[77][78][79]

[80]Posthuman godhood使[81][82][83]

[84][85][86]

2004[87][88]William Sims BainbridgeJournal of Evolution and Technology[89]

2006Mormon Transhumanist Association[90]Christian Transhumanist Association[91]2014

2009American Academy of Religion[92]

Giulio Prisco[93]PriscoNikolai Fyodorovich Fyodorov

[]


[?]Kevin Warwick[94]

Warwick2002100使[95]

寿使[96][?]寿[97][]

[98]

関心を持つ技術[編集]


3DNBIC使使[99]使[100]21The Singularity is NearPhysics of the Future[60][101]

NBIC[102][103]168[104]

Anders Sandberg使使[105]

[]


[106]

使[6]1932[107]

[108]

[]


Max Dublin1992Dublin[109]

Gregory StockKevin Warwick21[110]

Mary MidgleyScience as Salvation1992JBS20[111]

Jeremy RifkinAlgeny, AlchemyGenetics[112]調Stuart Newman使1964[113]

Kirsten Rabe Smolensky[114]

James Hughes[6]Gregory Stock[110]

[?]The Singularity is Near2005

[]


2002Communion and Stewardship: Human Persons Created in the Image of God[115][116][117]Ronald Cole-TurnerTed Petersco-creation使[118][119]

[55]Susan Bordo[120]Klaus-Gerd Giesen[85]

20[10]

[]

[121]

Bill McKibbenEnough: Staying Human in an Engineered Age2003寿寿使[122]

Jeremy RifkinStuart Newman[113][123]Keekok Lee使[124]1982197618961818e.g. [125]

Ronald BaileyMcKibben[126]使[110]Bailey

Reason稿BaileyBailey[127]

SFAnthropomorphobiaWoody Evans[128][36][129]

Center for Genetics and Society2001Chicago-Kent College of LawInstitute on Biotechnology and the Human Future

[]


Bill McKibben[122]Lee M. Silver[130]1997[6]

James HughesCitizen Cyborg: Why Democratic Societies Must Respond to the Redesigned Human of the Future2004i.e. [6]

Leon Kass[131]Our Posthuman Future20022004Foreign Policy[49]The Future of Human Nature2003[132]KassAI[133]

Reason2004Ronald BaileyBailey[134]Russell Blackford[135]

[]


[136]

Jerold Abrams2004[136]

[]


[137]George AnnasLori Andrews使-[125][138]

[139][140]2002From Chance to Choice: Genetics and JusticeAllen BuchananDan BrockNorman DanielsDaniel Wikler使[141]20[130]

実存的リスク[編集]


Our Final Hour2003[142][143]

James BurkeConnections調Burke

[144]

[61]

[]


Lara Prendergast[145]

主なトランスヒューマニスト[編集]

参考文献[編集]



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(二)^ ab (200569). 3.   . 200636

(三)^  西 ! --2006ISBN 4-309-90698-2 

(四)^ We May Look Crazy to Them, But They Look Like Zombies to Us: Transhumanism as a Political Challenge. 20191117

(五)^ Carvalko, Joseph (2012). The Techno-human Shell-A Jump in the Evolutionary Gap. Sunbury Press. ISBN 978-1620061657 

(六)^ abcdefghiHughes, James (2004). Citizen Cyborg: Why Democratic Societies Must Respond to the Redesigned Human of the Future. Westview Press. ISBN 978-0-8133-4198-9. OCLC 56632213 

(七)^ Gelles, David (2009). Immortality 2.0: a silicon valley insider looks at California's Transhumanist movement. May 12, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120512223654/http://ce399eugenics.wordpress.com/2010/06/19/immortality-2-0-a-silicon-valley-insider-looks-at-californias-transhumanist-movement 2012414. 

(八)^  Google Ngram Viewer. https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=transhumanism&year_start=1800&year_end=2000&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t1%3B%2Ctranshumanism%3B%2Cc0 2013425 

(九)^ Journal of Posthuman Studies: Philosophy, Technology, Media. 20191117

(十)^ abcdBostrom, Nick (2005). A history of transhumanist thought. Journal of Evolution and Technology. http://www.nickbostrom.com/papers/history.pdf 2006221. 

(11)^ Godwin, William (17561836)  Introduction. Gothic Literature.  enotes.com (2008). 2008828200889

(12)^ abSorgner, Stefan Lorenz (March 2009). Nietzsche, the Overhuman, and Transhumanism. Jet 20 (1): 2942. http://jetpress.org/v20/sorgner.htm. 

(13)^ Blackford, Russell (2010). Editorial: Nietzsche and European Posthumanisms. http://jetpress.org/v21/blackford.htm. 

(14)^ Sorgner, Stefan Lorenz (April 24, 2012). Was Nietzsche a Transhumanist?. IEET News. http://ieet.org/index.php/IEET/more/pellissier20120423. 

(15)^ abWorld Transhumanist Association (2002). The Transhumanist Declaration. September 10, 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/20060910010545/http://www.transhumanism.org/index.php/WTA/faq21/79/ 200643. 

(16)^ Art works by Russian cosmism painter XX  XXI ct. Catalogue of exhibition 2013 | Soviet Era Museum (). sovieteramuseum.com. 2018624

(17)^ Clarke, Arthur C. (2000). Greetings, Carbon-Based Bipeds. St Martin's Griffin, New York 

(18)^ Harrison, Peter & Wolyniak, Joseph (2015). The History of 'Transhumanism'. Notes and Queries 62 (3): 465467. doi:10.1093/notesj/gjv080. http://nq.oxfordjournals.org/content/62/3/465.full. 

(19)^ Huxley, Julian (1957). Transhumanism. June 25, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160625132722/http://www.transhumanism.org/index.php/WTA/more/huxley 2006224. 

(20)^ Lin (2010), p. 24

(21)^ Lin, Zhongjie (2010). Kenzo Tange and the Metabolist Movement: Urban Utopias of Modern Japan. Routledge. pp. 3536. ISBN 9781135281984 

(22)^ I.J. Good, "Speculations Concerning the First Ultraintelligent Machine" (HTML Archived November 28, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.), Advances in Computers, vol. 6, 1965.

(23)^ Minsky, Marvin (1960). Steps toward artificial intelligence. pp. 406450. http://web.media.mit.edu/~minsky/papers/steps.html 20061213. 

(24)^ abMoravec, Hans (1998). When will computer hardware match the human brain?. Journal of Evolution and Technology 1. June 15, 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/20060615031852/http://transhumanist.com/volume1/moravec.htm 2006623. 

(25)^ Kurzweil, Raymond (1999). The Age of Spiritual Machines. Viking Adult. ISBN 978-0-670-88217-5. OCLC 224295064 

(26)^ FM-2030 (1989). Are You a Transhuman?: Monitoring and Stimulating Your Personal Rate of Growth in a Rapidly Changing World. Viking Adult. ISBN 978-0-446-38806-1. OCLC 18134470. https://archive.org/details/areyoutranshuman00fm20 

(27)^ Devlin, Hannah (20161118). The cryonics dilemma: will deep-frozen bodies be fit for new life?. The Guardian. 2018922

(28)^ Ettinger, Robert (1974). Man into Superman. Avon. ISBN 978-0-380-00047-0. August 28, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130828014330/http://www.cryonics.org/book2.html 

(29)^ FM-2030 (1973). UpWingers: A Futurist Manifesto (Available as an eBook: FW00007527 ed.). New York: John Day Co.. ISBN 978-0-381-98243-0. OCLC 600299 

(30)^ FM-2030: Are You Transhuman?. 2017316

(31)^ EZTV Media. 200651

(32)^ Ed Regis (1990). Great Mambo Chicken and the Transhuman Condition: Science Slightly Over the Edge. Perseus Books 

(33)^ Vita-More, Natasha (2003). Transhumanist arts statement. http://www.transhumanist.biz/transhumanistartsmanifesto.htm 2006216. 

(34)^ Drexler 1986

(35)^ abMore, Max (1990). Transhumanism: a futurist philosophy. October 29, 2005. https://web.archive.org/web/20051029125153/http://www.maxmore.com/transhum.htm 20051114. 

(36)^ abcHughes, James (2005). Report on the 2005 interests and beliefs survey of the members of the World Transhumanist Association. May 24, 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/20060524181809/http://transhumanism.org/resources/survey2005.pdf 2006226. 

(37)^ abHumanity+. What is Transhumanism?. http://whatistranshumanism.org/ 2015125. 

(38)^ abFord, Alyssa (MayJune 2005). Humanity: The Remix. Utne Magazine. 200733

(39)^ Saletan, William (June 4, 2006). Among the Transhumanists. Slate. http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/human_nature/2006/06/among_the_transhumanists.html. 

(40)^ Extropy Institute (2006). Next Steps. http://www.extropy.org/future.htm 200655. 

(41)^ Newitz, Annalee (2008). Can Futurism Escape the 1990s?. http://io9.com/5067829/can-futurism-escape-the-1990s 20081118. 

(42)^ Stambler, Ilia. The Longevity Party  Who Needs it? Who Wants it?. IEET. 2012823

(43)^ A Single-Issue Political Party for Longevity Science. Fight Aging! (2012727). 20191118

(44)^ About. Mormon Transhumanist Association. 201664

(45)^ Member Survey Results. Mormon Transhumanist Association. 201664

(46)^ Italy elects first transhumanist MP.  Kurzweilai.net. 2013425

(47)^ 

(48)^ Merzlyakov, S. (2022). Posthumanism vs. Transhumanism: From the End of Exceptionalism to Technological Humanism. doi:10.1134/S1019331622120073. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1134/S1019331622120073#Tab1. 

(49)^ abFukuyama, Francis (SeptemberOctober 2004). The world's most dangerous ideas: transhumanism (reprint). Foreign Policy (144): 4243. https://foreignpolicy.com/articles/2004/09/01/transhumanism 20081114. 

(50)^ Hook, Christopher (2004). Transhumanism and Posthumanism. In Stephen G. Post. Encyclopedia of Bioethics (3rd ed.). New York: Macmillan. pp. 25172520. ISBN 978-0-02-865774-5. OCLC 52622160. http://gale.cengage.com/pdf/samples/sp657748.pdf 

(51)^ Winner, Langdon (Fall 2002). Are Humans Obsolete?. The Hedgehog Review. 200891020071210

(52)^ Coenen, Christopher (2007). Utopian Aspects of the Debate on Converging Technologies. In Gerhard Banse. Assessing Societal Implications of Converging Technological Development (1st ed.). Berlin: edition sigma. pp. 141172. ISBN 978-3-89404-941-6. OCLC 198816396. http://www.itas.fzk.de/deu/lit/epp/2007/coen07-pre01.pdf 

(53)^ Bostrom, Nick. Why I Want to be a Posthuman When I Grow Up. 20071210

(54)^ Badmington, Neil (Winter 2003). Theorizing Posthumanism. Cultural Critique. 20071210

(55)^ abHayles, N. Katherine (1999). How We Became Posthuman: Virtual Bodies in Cybernetics, Literature, and Informatics. University Of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-32146-2. OCLC 186409073 

(56)^ Inniss, Patrick. Transhumanism: The Next Step?. 200711620071210

(57)^ Winner, Langdon (2005). Resistance is Futile: The Posthuman Condition and Its Advocates. In Harold Bailie; Timothy Casey. Is Human Nature Obsolete?. Massachusetts Institute of Technology: M.I.T. Press. pp. 385411. ISBN 978-0262524285. https://books.google.com/books?id=zwolIIz9zg0C&pg=PA385 

(58)^ Management Association, Information Resources (2015). Public Affairs and Administration: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications. IGI Global. p. 2192. ISBN 978-1-4666-8359-4. https://books.google.com/books?id=2S51CQAAQBAJ&pg=PA2192 

(59)^ Lemmons, Phil (19854). Artificial Intelligence. BYTE: p. 125. 2015420. https://web.archive.org/web/20150420115129/https://archive.org/stream/byte-magazine-1985-04/1985_04_BYTE_10-04_Artificial_Intelligence#page/n125/mode/2up 2015214 

(60)^ abcKurzweil, Raymond (2005). The Singularity Is Near: When Humans Transcend Biology. Viking Adult. ISBN 978-0-670-03384-3. OCLC 224517172 

(61)^ abBostrom, Nick (2002). Existential risks: analyzing human extinction scenarios. http://www.nickbostrom.com/existential/risks.html 2006221. 

(62)^ abPellissier, Hank. "Do all Transhumanists Want Immortality? No? Why Not?" Futurist 46.6 (2012): 65-. Web.

(63)^ Human Purpose and Transhuman Potential: A Cosmic Vision of Our Future Evolution, Ted Chu 2014

(64)^ The thinker's guide to ethical reasoning, Linda Elder and Richard Paul 2013

(65)^ How to Think about Weird Things: Critical Thinking for a New Age Theodore Schick

(66)^ Ten Billion Tomorrows: How Science Fiction Technology Became Reality and Shapes the Future, Brian Clegg 2015

(67)^ Bostrom, Nick & Sandberg, Anders (2007). The Wisdom of Nature: An Evolutionary Heuristic for Human Enhancement. http://www.nickbostrom.com/evolution.pdf 2007918. 

(68)^ abHughes, James (2002). The politics of transhumanism. http://www.changesurfer.com/Acad/TranshumPolitics.htm 20131214. 

(69)^ Tennison, Michael (2012). Moral transhumanism: the next step. 37. J Med Philos. pp. 405416. 

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(72)^ abHughes, James (2002). Democratic Transhumanism 2.0. http://www.changesurfer.com/Acad/DemocraticTranshumanism.htm 2007126. 

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(75)^ Gayozzo, Piero (2018-09-20). Extrapolitical Theory and Postpoliticism - A Transhumanist Political Theory. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327756347 

(76)^ Raël (2002). Oui au clonage humain: La vie éternelle grâce à la science. Quebecor. ISBN 978-1-903571-05-7. OCLC 226022543 

(77)^ Hughes, James (2004). Technologies of Self-perfection: What would the Buddha do with nanotechnology and psychopharmaceuticals?. May 10, 2007. https://web.archive.org/web/20070510094442/http://archives.betterhumans.com/Columns/Column/tabid/79/Column/222/Default.aspx 2007221. 

(78)^ IEET Cyborg Buddha Project. ieet.org. 20191118

(79)^ Evans, Woody (2014). If You See a Cyborg in the Road, Kill the Buddha: Against Transcendental Transhumanism. http://jetpress.org/v24/evans.htm 20141014. 

(80)^ Sandberg, Anders (2000). Uploading. http://www.aleph.se/Trans/Global/Uploading/ 200634. 

(81)^ Tipler, Frank J. (1994). The Physics of Immortality. Doubleday. ISBN 978-0-19-282147-8. OCLC 16830384. https://archive.org/details/physicsofimmorta00fran 

(82)^ Eric Steinhart (December 2008). Teilhard de Chardin and Transhumanism. Journal of Evolution and Technology 20 (1): 122. http://jetpress.org/v20/steinhart.htm?pagewanted=all. 

(83)^ Michael S. Burdett (2011). Transhumanism and Transcendence. Georgetown University Press. p. 20. ISBN 978-1-58901-780-1. "...others have made important contributions as well. For example, Freeman Dyson and Frank Tipler in the twentieth century..." 

(84)^ Pauls, David (2005). Transhumanism: 2000 Years in the Making. October 10, 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/20061010102349/http://www.thecbc.org/redesigned/research_display.php?id=189 2006125. 

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