マリウポリの戦い (2022年)

出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』
マリウポリの戦い/マリウポリ包囲戦
2022年ロシアのウクライナ侵攻ウクライナ東部攻勢

包囲され破壊されたマリウポリの通り
2022年2月25日 – 2022年5月17日
場所ウクライナ ドネツィク州マリウポリ
結果

ロシアの勝利

衝突した勢力
ロシアの旗 ロシア
ドネツク人民共和国の旗 ドネツク人民共和国
ウクライナの旗 ウクライナ
指揮官
ミハイル・ミジンツェフ[2][3] ウォロディミル・バラニュク英語版[4][5]
デニス・プロコペンコ英語版[6][7]
部隊

ロシアの旗 ロシア

ドネツク人民共和国の旗 ドネツク人民共和国民兵

ウクライナの旗 ウクライナ
マリウポリ市内:[14]

その他の部隊:

戦力
14,000人[26] ウクライナ軍 10,500人[26]
アゾフ連隊 800人[27]
被害者数
死者 6,000人[28]
アンドレイ・スホベツキー(第41諸兵科連合軍副司令官)
オレグ・ミチャーエフ(第150自動車化狙撃師団長)
アンドレイ・パリー(黒海艦隊副司令官)
アレクセイ・シャロフ(第810親衛独立海軍歩兵旅団長)
死者 8,000人[26]
ウォロディミル・バラニュク
(第36独立海軍歩兵旅団司令官)
民間人死者 21,000人[29]

20222245203DPR[30][31][19][32]2022520[33][34]



[35][36]2500095[37]1,34890

2022516[38][39][40][41][42][34]西[43][44][45][46][47]

4080315[48]

20223202321284[49]

[]


[50][51]沿[52]

西[53][54]

20145DPR[55][56]8DPR45km[57]9DPR退[58]10DPR[59]201513211km[60][61]4退[62]2015II[63]

2018FSB沿3[64]

[65][66][67]201411[68][69][70]

10[71]

[72]

[]

[]


22426[73][74]

225DPR退[75]22[76][77]西70[78][79][80][81]

226[82]1064[83][84]

227DPR退6[85]6[86]227[87]

228[88][89][90]/[91][92]

[]

202232

31DPRDPR[93]21[94]

32[34][95][96]122006[97][98][99][100]
202233
202233

3215[101][102]

33[103][104]DPR3[105]

34[106][107]BM-21使[108][109]

3520ICRC[110][111]31116[112]沿[113]

[114][115]DPR17[116]

36[117][117][117][118][119]750 °C100#NoFlyZone[120][121]

37ICRC ICRCICRC[122][123]

38[124]

39AP[125][126][127][128][129][130]317[131]

[]

[]

2022312

312[132]82[133][134]

31324100使22[135][136][137][138]86

31413160450[139]15010[140]
2022312

退[141]GRU[142]

31520,0004,000[143]

150[144][145]316[146][147]

318DPR[148][149]319[150][151][152]2[153]

3201[154][155][156][156]400[157]

321退[158][159]10[156]
2022323

321Nadtochii[153]89[160]2Mi-8[160]471224[160]16Mi-824使785162[160][161]90[162]328[163]Mi-81[164]45Mi-82[165]32151115453063123[166]

323[167][168][169]

327[170]退[171]8[172]

328[173]5,000[174][175][176]23[154][177][177][178]23[179]

42SBU[180]441[181]2503267[182]36[181]47DPR[183] 

41西47西[183]44[184]47[185][186]

410西2[187]DPR801[188][189]

[]

2022411

41136160[190]

41112[191]36[192][193][194][181][192]DPR[191]5836姿

4113617162使175km 

412[195][196]361,026162400[197][198][193][196]1341,160[199][200]1,000[181]4132[193][201][202][203]調[181][204]

8102[205]

[]

退[]

2014
2022415

415[206]Tu-22M3使[207]西12[208]

416DPR[208][202] 420500退500退[19][32]西[202]

41895[37][209] 500800[210]2,500400[209]

[]


420DPR[211]300300[212]421[213][214] [215] 

20[216]

422西[31][217]423[218][219][220]12[220][221][222] 42728Tu-22M3Su-25Su-2450170600[223][224]

[]

202258ICRC

430ICRC[225][226][226]43020退251,000[227][228]2調2,000[229]

52100[230] 使[231] 退[232]53[233][234][235]2[236]5530086[237] [238]

55使 [239]

5650016[240]57[241][242][243]

[]

20225

5836 退[244]

59[245] [246]

5101,000[247][248]

512[249]M14[250]
20225

516DPR9[251] 退 26453[38]稿DPR[252]退[253]

[254]ICRC[255]

518[256]520[257][258]516202,439DPR[259][260][261]

[]


20224154[262][263]

[264]

[265]

61222,000150,000

ID2稿1,200[266][267]

20221222AP3121300[268]調使

20221223BBC31000[268]

202332022調[269]

[]


AP2020 Days in Mariupol 20244[270]

脚注[編集]

注釈[編集]

  1. ^ a b c ウクライナ国家親衛隊
  2. ^ 後にマリウポリを離れてキーウの戦いに参加した[24][25]

出典[編集]



(一)^  20224221202273

(二)^ Taylor, Adam; Branigin, William (202241). Russian general dubbed 'butcher of Mariupol' is a mystery to experts. Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/04/01/mikhail-mizintsev-butcher-of-mariupol-ukraine-russia/ 2022721 

(三)^ Batchelor, Tom (2022325). 'Butcher of Mariupol' accused of ordering maternity hospital bombing six years after destroying Aleppo. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/butcher-mariupol-mikhail-mizintsev-aleppo-b2044268.html 2022330 

(四)^ Russian media claim Ukrainian Marine commander in captivity after leaving Azovmash plant (202258). 202359

(五)^ Two defenders of Mariupol became Heroes of Ukraine (2022319). 20223242022319

(六)^ НаАзовсталисдался командир батальона "Азов" (). RBC. 202359

(七)^ Official appeal of Azov commander, the major Denis Prokopenko, to the world community. Національний Корпус. 7 March 2022. 2022318YouTube2022319

(八)^ abcRussian Invasion Of Ukraine: The Battle Of Mariupol, Or A Ukrainian Stalingrad.  Warsaw Institute (2022315). 202257

(九)^ Fourth Russian general killed in fighting, Ukraine says. Associated Press. (2022315). 2022316. https://web.archive.org/web/20220316030526/https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2022/mar/15/oleg-mityaev-russian-general-killed-ukrainian-troo/ 2022316 

(十)^ Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, March 16 (English). Institute for the Study of War (2022316). 20223232022319

(11)^ abMendick, Robert (2022328). Devastated Mariupol teeters on the brink, but Ukrainian troops refuse to abandon the fallen. The Telegraph. 202359

(12)^ Matthew Loh (202246). A soldier wearing Nazi imagery was given a medal by a Russia-backed separatist republic for killing Ukrainian 'nationalists'. Yahoo. https://sports.yahoo.com/soldier-neo-nazi-symbols-arm-061652919.html 2022411 

(13)^ Steshin, Dmitry (2022315). Александр Ходаковский: Мы в Мариуполь две недели вгрызаемся. А тут приехали чеченцы  красивые, бородатые  чуть колонной на город не пошли (). Komsomolskaya Pravda. https://www.kp.ru/daily/27377/4558736/ 

(14)^ abcdZelenskyy, Volodymyr (2022319). Meaningful talks on peace and security for Ukraine are the only chance for Russia to reduce the damage from its own mistakes. President of Ukraine. 202242

(15)^ Goncharenko, Roman (2022316). The Azov Battalion: Extremists defending Mariupol. Deutsche Welle. 2022323. https://web.archive.org/web/20220323163813/https://www.dw.com/en/the-azov-battalion-extremists-defending-mariupol/a-61151151 2022319. "The city of Mariupol, which has a population of 500,000, is primarily being defended by the Azov Battalion." 

(16)^ Kovalenko, Serhiy (202242). Дмитро Апухтін героїчно загинув, обороняючи Маріуполь (). ArmyInform. https://armyinform.com.ua/2022/04/02/dmytro-apuhtin-geroyichno-zagynuv-oboronyayuchy-mariupol/ 

(17)^ Олег Грудзевич. Командир, який вивів свій підрозділ з окупованого Маріуполя (). Главком | Glavcom (2022813). 2022826

(18)^ abTom Bateman (2022413). Ukraine: The critical fight for 'heart of this war' Mariupol. BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-61089043 2022427. ""I want to separately address those heroes who are having a very hard time. Those who defend Mariupol. A marine battalion of the 36th marine brigade, Azov special operations detachment, 12th operational brigade of the National Guard of Ukraine. Subdivisions of the State Border Guard Service. Volunteers of the "Right Sector". The 555th military hospital and National Police employees."" 

(19)^ abcRoman Petrenko (2022420). Marines and "Azov" rescue 500 fighters from the port of Mariupol  media. Pravda. https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2022/04/20/7340941/ 2022425 

(20)^ Russian invasion update: Ukraine repels tank attack, captures six Russians in Mariupol. www.ukrinform.net (2022227). 2022427

(21)^ Thomas Eydoux (2022330). In Mariupol, a war of images to prove who controls the city. The Observers  France 24. 2022427

(22)^ MacKinnon, Mark (2022413). Fight for Mariupol not over, commander of foreign legion says, despite Russian claims more than 1,000 Ukrainian marines surrendered (). The Globe and Mail. https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-russia-ukraine-war-mariupol/ 202258 

(23)^ Adler, Nils; King, Laura (2022128). 'Everything that needs to be done': Ukraine citizen soldiers prepare for Russia threat (English). Los Angeles Times. 2022323. https://web.archive.org/web/20220323192706/https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2022-01-28/ukraine-civilian-defense-force-russia 2022321. "Its defenders  both the regular Ukraine army and the irregular forces mustering for battle" 

(24)^ abKrikunenko, Iryna (202247). Брат по зброї. Командир чеченських добровольців, який воює за Україну, розповідає про свої три війни з Росією (). NV. https://nv.ua/ukr/ukraine/politics/batalyon-sheyha-mansura-voyuye-proti-rosiji-interv-yu-nv-iz-komandirom-novini-ukrajini-50231689.html 

(25)^ abGribchatov, Evgeny (2022426). Кадыров объявил награду 1 млн долларов за информацию о чеченских боевиках в Мариуполе (). Moskovskij Komsomolets. https://www.mk.ru/politics/2022/04/26/kadyrov-obyavil-nagradu-1-mln-dollarov-za-informaciyu-o-chechenskikh-boevikakh-v-mariupole.html 

(26)^ abcHundreds of thousands face catastrophe in Mariupol 

(27)^ As it happened: Ukraine war latest: Gun battles as Russian troops reach Mariupol city centre, says mayor CNN

(28)^ Azov officer: Russian forces lost about 6,000 troops in Mariupol. 

(29)^ Russia-Ukraine war: 21,000 civilians killed, mayor of Mariupol estimates 

(30)^ Ukraine war: Last Ukrainian troops in Mariupol told to stop defence of city. Sky News. https://news.sky.com/story/ukraine-war-last-ukrainian-troops-in-mariupol-told-to-stop-defence-of-city-12617385 

(31)^ ab Template:Cite web archiveurl  archivedate Clarke (2022422). Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, April 22.  Institute for the Study of War. Karolina2022422

(32)^ abRussia Says All Urban Areas of Mariupol Cleared of Ukrainian Forces. Voice of America. (2022416). 2022418. https://web.archive.org/web/20220418204349/https://www.voanews.com/a/russia-says-all-urban-areas-of-mariupol-cleared-of-ukrainian-forces/6532471.html 2022418 

(33)^ Russia says remaining 531 Azovstal defenders surrender, steelworks siege over. (2022520). https://www.yahoo.com/news/russia-says-remaining-531-azovstal-192141701.html 

(34)^ abcUkraine: Mariupol Residents Trapped by Russian Assault  Ukraine. ReliefWeb (202238). 202239202239

(35)^ Russia accused of 'holding 400,000 people hostage' in Mariupol. The Guardian. (202239). 202239. https://web.archive.org/web/20220309213937/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/mar/09/ukraine-mariupol-civilians-russia-war 202239 

(36)^ Photos: Mariupol residents suffer as Russian forces lay siege. Al Jazeera. 202239. https://web.archive.org/web/20220309090227/https://www.aljazeera.com/gallery/2022/3/8/photos-residents-suffer-in-besieged-city-of-mariupol-ukraine-russia-war 202239 

(37)^ abHolly Ellyatt (2022418). Mariupol hasn't surrendered to Russia, PM says; at least 5 dead, 20 injured in Kharkiv attack. CNBC. 2022418. https://web.archive.org/web/20220418203018/https://www.cnbc.com/2022/04/17/russia-ukraine-live-updates.html 2022418 

(38)^ abHopkins, Valerie; Nechepurenko, Ivan; Santora, Marc (2022516). Ukrainian authorities declare an end to the combat mission in Mariupol after weeks of Russian siege. (). The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. 2022516. https://archive.today/20220516233043/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/16/world/europe/azovstal-mariupol.html 2022517 

(39)^ Hundreds of Ukrainian troops evacuated from Mariupol steelworks after 82-day assault (). The Guardian. (2022517). https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/may/16/hundreds-of-ukrainian-troops-evacuated-from-azovstal-steelworks-after-82-day-assault 2022517 

(40)^ Минобороны показало кадры сдачи в плен украинских военных с "Азовстали" ().  RBK Group (2022517). 2022517

(41)^ UPDATE 3-Azovstal siege ends as hundreds of Ukrainian fighters surrender  Reuters witness (). Yahoo! Finance. https://finance.yahoo.com/news/1-russia-says-more-250-093824114.html 2022518 

(42)^ Fate of hundreds of Ukrainian fighters uncertain after surrender (). Al Jazeera. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/5/17/russia-says-mariupol-plant-fighters-surrendered-fate-uncertain 2022518 

(43)^ Mariupol a 'Pyrrhic victory' for Russia: military analyst (). Deutsche Welle. (2022518). https://www.dw.com/en/mariupol-a-pyrrhic-victory-for-russia-military-analyst/av-61835137 2022520 

(44)^ Spencer, Richard (2022517). Defiance of Azovstal steelworks defenders ensures Putin wins only a pyrrhic victory (). The Times (London). ISSN 0140-0460. https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/defiance-of-azovstal-steelworks-defenders-ensures-putin-wins-only-a-pyrrhic-victory-2ddghn8zk 2022520 

(45)^ Prince (2022518). Russia's Capture Of Azovstal: Symbolic Success, 'Pyrrhic' Victory? ().  Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 2022520

(46)^ Ukraine ends Mariupol battle; Azovstal steel plant fighters evacuated. The Washington Post. (2022518). 2022518. https://archive.today/20220518073833/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/05/17/azovstal-mariupol-fighters-ukraine-steelworks/ 2022518 

(47)^ Harrison, Virginia (2022517). Hundreds of Ukrainian troops evacuated from Mariupol steelworks after 82-day assault. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/may/16/hundreds-of-ukrainian-troops-evacuated-from-azovstal-steelworks-after-82-day-assault 2022521. "The evacuation is likely to mark the end of the longest and bloodiest battle of the Ukraine war and a significant defeat for Ukraine." 

(48)^ The core of Azovstal's defenders were superheroes: Confessions of Ukrainian POWs who made it back home (). The Insider. 2024531

(49)^ Beneath the Rubble: Documenting Devastation and Loss in Mariupol. Human Rights Watch (202428). 2024210

(50)^ Public Opinion Survey of Residents of Ukraine. 20178222022312

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(52)^ Lourie, Richard (20181026). Putin's bridge over troubled waters. The Globe and Mail. 2019119. https://web.archive.org/web/20190119135649/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/article-putins-bridge-over-troubled-waters/ 2022312 

(53)^ "Russian dominance in the Black Sea: The Sea of Azov" Archived 19 March 2022 at the Wayback Machine., Middle East Institute, Luke Coffey, 25 September 2020. Retrieved 23 March 2022.

(54)^ The Azov Sea, symbolic prize of Russia-Ukraine war. France 24. (202231). 2022313. https://web.archive.org/web/20220313004603/https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20220301-the-azov-sea-symbolic-prize-of-russia-ukraine-war 2022313 

(55)^ Blair, David (2014510). Ukraine: Security forces abandon Mariupol ahead of referendum. The Daily Telegraph. 2022219. https://web.archive.org/web/20220219214326/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/ukraine/10822396/Ukraine-Security-forces-abandon-Mariupol-ahead-of-referendum.html 2022312 

(56)^ Ukraine crisis: Kiev forces win back Mariupol (). BBC News. (2014613). https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-27829773 2022519 

(57)^ Russia opens 3rd front with a new offensive: Ukrainian, Western officials. CNBC. (2014828). 2014828. https://web.archive.org/web/20140828041143/http://www.cnbc.com/id/101951821 2022519 

(58)^ Ukraine fighting subsides after ceasefire agreement (). The Irish Times. https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/europe/ukraine-fighting-subsides-after-ceasefire-agreement-1.1918977 2022519 

(59)^ Ukraine rebels end ceasefire before polls (). Al Jazeera. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2014/10/23/ukraine-rebels-end-ceasefire-before-polls 2022413 

(60)^ Ukrainian forces launch offensive near Mariupol, east Ukraine: Kiev (). Reuters. (2015210). https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-military-idUSKBN0LE0SF20150210 2022424 

(61)^ Ukraine's Azov regiment claims to have launched offensive on Novoazovsk  February 10, 2015. Kyiv Post. (2015210). https://www.kyivpost.com/article/content/war-against-ukraine/ukraines-azov-regiment-claims-to-have-launched-offensive-on-novoazovsk-380117.html 2022424 

(62)^ Ukraine Rebels Leave Front Towns (). Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. (201573). https://www.rferl.org/a/ukraine-rebels-withdraw-shyrokyne/27108640.html 2022424 

(63)^ Ukraine crisis: Kiev forces win back Mariupol. BBC News. (2014613). 2022221. https://web.archive.org/web/20220221200337/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-27829773 2022312 

(64)^ Kiev declares martial law after Russian seizure of Ukrainian ships in Black Sea (). The Independent. (2020830). https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/russia-ukraine-live-latest-update-martial-law-black-sea-ships-navy-crisis-a8651736.html 20221227 

(65)^ Pancevski, Bojan. Kiev lets loose Men in Black (). The Times (London). ISSN 0140-0460. https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/kiev-lets-loose-men-in-black-qm85k6jhlbj 2022312 

(66)^ Ukraine crisis: the neo-Nazi brigade fighting pro-Russian separatists. The Daily Telegraph. (201875). 201875. https://web.archive.org/web/20180705220331/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/ukraine/11025137/Ukraine-crisis-the-neo-Nazi-brigade-fighting-pro-Russian-separatists.html 2022424 

(67)^ Azov fighters are Ukraine's greatest weapon and may be its greatest threat (). The Guardian. (2014910). http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/sep/10/azov-far-right-fighters-ukraine-neo-nazis 2022424 

(68)^ Ultra-nationalist Ukrainian battalion gears up for more fighting | Reuters. Reuters. (2016124). 2016124. https://web.archive.org/web/20160124064419/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-azov-idUSKBN0ML0XJ20150325 2022410 

(69)^ The Azov Battalion: How Putin built a false premise for a war against "Nazis" in Ukraine (). CBS News. (2022322). https://www.cbsnews.com/news/ukraine-russia-war-azov-battalion-putin-premise-war-vs-nazis/ 2022410 

(70)^ Azov Regiment takes centre stage in Ukraine propaganda war (). France 24. (2022325). https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20220325-azov-regiment-takes-centre-stage-in-ukraine-propaganda-war 2022410 

(71)^ 'Why? Why? Why?' Ukraine's Mariupol descends into despair (). Associated Press. (2022316). 2022315. https://web.archive.org/web/20220315123735/https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-war-mariupol-descends-into-despair-708cb8f4a171ce3f1c1b0b8d090e38e3 2022317 

(72)^ Goncharenko, Roman (2022316). The Azov Battalion: Extremists defending Mariupol. Deutsche Welle. 2022323. https://web.archive.org/web/20220323163813/https://www.dw.com/en/the-azov-battalion-extremists-defending-mariupol/a-61151151 2022319. "The city of Mariupol, which has a population of 500,000, is primarily being defended by the Azov Battalion." 

(73)^ Vasovic, Aleksandar (2022224). Port city of Mariupol comes under fire after Russia invades Ukraine. Reuters. 2022226. https://web.archive.org/web/20220226011024/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/strategic-city-mariupol-wakes-blasts-russia-invades-ukraine-2022-02-24/ 2022225 

(74)^ Ukraine Crisis: Protecting civilians 'Priority Number One'; Guterres releases $20M for humanitarian support. UN News. (2022224). 202231. https://web.archive.org/web/20220301084123/https://news.un.org/en/story/2022/02/1112662 

(75)^ Battle ongoing near Mariupol  mayor.  Ukrinform (2022225). 20222252022225

(76)^ Fierce battles raging in all directions near Mariupol  mayor.  Interfax-Ukraine. 20222262022225

(77)^ Richárd (2022225). Így áll most a háború Ukrajnában: több nagyvárosban harcok dúlnak, megtámadtak egy orosz repülőteret (). Ellenszél. 20222262022225

(78)^ Russian Navy Carries Out Amphibious Assault Near Mariupol. The Maritime Executive. 20222252022225

(79)^ 'Amphibious assault' underway west of Mariupol on the Sea of Azov, senior US defense official says. CNN. (2022225). 2022225. https://web.archive.org/web/20220225220827/https://www.cnn.com/europe/live-news/ukraine-russia-news-02-25-22/h_622a8b21dd1cf52845090a96c9c6513b 2022225 

(80)^ Russian forces are about 31 miles outside southeastern Ukrainian city of Mariupol, US defense official says. CNN. (2022227). 2022227. https://web.archive.org/web/20220227223234/https://edition.cnn.com/europe/live-news/ukraine-russia-news-02-27-22/h_32a28d1a9ec40e68486a3526f035dc6f 2022227 

(81)^ Russian advance slowed by Ukrainian resistance and logistical setbacks, U.S. defense official says. CBS News. 2022227. https://web.archive.org/web/20220227230927/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/ukraine-invasion-russian-advance-resistance/ 2022227 

(82)^ Russia orders troops to hasten their advance as Mariupol remains under heavy shelling. ABC News. (2022226). 2022227. https://web.archive.org/web/20220227102555/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-02-27/russia-commands-troops-advance-faster-kyiv-long-curfew/100865104 2022226 

(83)^ Kokkinidis, Tasos (2022226). At Least Six Greeks Killed in Russian Attacks at Mariupol, Ukraine. Greek Reporter. 2022226. https://web.archive.org/web/20220226200750/https://greekreporter.com/2022/02/26/six-greeks-killed-mariupol-ukraine/ 2022226 

(84)^ Georgiopoulos, George (2022226). Greece says 10 expats killed in Ukraine, summons Russian ambassador. Reuters. 2022227. https://web.archive.org/web/20220227040008/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/greece-says-six-expats-killed-ukraine-summons-russian-ambassador-2022-02-26/ 2022226 

(85)^ Russian invasion update: Ukraine repels tank attack, captures six Russians in Mariupol.  Ukrinform (2022227). 20222272022227

(86)^ A shelling, a young girl, and hopeless moments in a hospital. Associated Press. (2022227). 202231. https://web.archive.org/web/20220301030605/https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-europe-a8bb96288aaf70f9a7f70e9a4fac8160 2022228 

(87)^ Fighting around Ukraine's Mariupol throughout the night  regional governor. Reuters. (2022228). 202236. https://web.archive.org/web/20220306141125/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/fighting-around-ukraines-mariupol-throughout-night-regional-governor-2022-02-28/ 2022228 

(88)^ Russian invasion update: Mariupol remains Ukrainian controlled.  Ukrinform (2022228). 20222282022228

(89)^ Trevithick (2022227). Strategic Ukrainian Port Of Mariupol Now Surrounded By Russian Forces. The Drive. 20222282022228

(90)^ Свобода, Радіо (20223). Маріуполь частково залишився без електрики, газу та інтернету (). Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 202231. https://web.archive.org/web/20220301010101/https://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/news-novyny-pryazovya-mariupol-vidklyuchennya-svitlo/31728836.html 202231 

(91)^ Mukhina, Anna; Krutov, Mark (202233). 'Звоните в ФСБ'. В Россию пошли первые "похоронки" (). Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 202235. https://web.archive.org/web/20220305091613/https://www.svoboda.org/a/zvonite-v-fsb-v-rossiyu-poshli-pervye-pohoronki/31733576.html 202234 

(92)^ Potocka (202234). Rosyjski generał zabity przez snajpera na Ukrainie. Kim był Andriej Suchowiecki? (). 20223102022310

(93)^ Russian-backed separatist leader expects his forces to surround Mariupol on Tuesday. CNN. (202231). 202234. https://web.archive.org/web/20220304221839/https://www.cnn.com/europe/live-news/ukraine-russia-putin-news-03-01-22/h_0e3d20b474aa007bb1e4acc0d0fba984 202231 

(94)^ Маріуполь  під шквалом російської реактивної артилерії, обстріли без упину. ВІДЕО (20223). 202231202232

(95)^ Hunder, Max (2022330). Timeline: Russia's siege of the Ukrainian city of Mariupol. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russias-siege-ukrainian-city-mariupol-2022-03-30/ 

(96)^ Ukrainian city of Mariupol 'near to humanitarian catastrophe' after bombardment. BBC News. (202232). 202232. https://web.archive.org/web/20220302202213/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-60585603 202232 

(97)^ Ukraine leader Volodymyr Zelensky vows to hold fast as 2,000 civilian deaths blamed on Russia's invasion. CBS News. 202232. https://web.archive.org/web/20220302181510/https://www.cbsnews.com/live-updates/ukraine-russia-news-war-zelensky-putin-airstrikes-kyiv-kharkiv-mariupol/ 202232 

(98)^ Most of the world lines up against Moscow, attacks intensify. Associated Press. (202232). 202233. https://web.archive.org/web/20220303010152/https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-vladimir-putin-volodymyr-zelenskyy-joe-biden-kyiv-1b396834ff3e753f8953d86c8db85383 202232 

(99)^ Mariupol mayor reports mass casualties from nonstop Russian attack. Reuters. (202232). 202236. https://web.archive.org/web/20220306141125/https://www.reuters.com/world/mariupol-mayor-reports-mass-casualties-nonstop-russian-attack-2022-03-02/ 202232 

(100)^ WATCH: Hundreds of casualties reported after fighting in Mariupol, Ukraine. Euro Weekly News. (202232). 202236. https://web.archive.org/web/20220306022157/https://euroweeklynews.com/2022/03/02/casualties-mariupol-ukraine/ 202232 

(101)^ Gunter, Joel (202232). Ukrainian city of Mariupol 'near to humanitarian catastrophe' after bombardment. BBC News. 202232. https://web.archive.org/web/20220302202213/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-60585603 202232 

(102)^ Hundreds feared dead from 15-hour Russian attack on Mariupol, Ukraine. New York Post. (202232). 202232. https://web.archive.org/web/20220302184258/https://nypost.com/2022/03/02/hundreds-feared-dead-in-mariupol-ukraine-from-russian-shelling/ 202232 

(103)^ Mariupol under siege: 'We are being completely cut off'. BBC News. (202233). 202233. https://web.archive.org/web/20220303144618/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-60601235 202233 

(104)^ Pro-Russian separatists threaten Ukraine's Mariupol with strikes. Reuters. (202233). 202233. https://web.archive.org/web/20220303231907/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/pro-russian-separatists-threaten-ukraines-mariupol-with-strikes-2022-03-03/ 202233 

(105)^ Tim Lister, Olga Voitovych and Laura Smith-Spark (202233). Russia squeezes southern Ukraine amid warning 'worst is yet to come'. CNN. 202236. https://web.archive.org/web/20220306142152/https://www.cnn.com/2022/03/03/europe/ukraine-mariupol-besieged-russia-intl/index.html 202234 

(106)^ Besieged Ukrainian city of Mariupol appeals for help. Reuters. (202234). 202235. https://web.archive.org/web/20220305221229/https://www.reuters.com/world/besieged-ukrainian-city-mariupol-is-running-out-food-mayor-2022-03-04/ 202234 

(107)^ UN Security Council in emergency meeting after Russia seizes second Ukrainian nuclear plant. ABC News. (202234). 202235. https://web.archive.org/web/20220305192307/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-03-05/russian-forces-seize-ukrainian-power-plant-as-advancement-stalls/100884702 202234 

(108)^ Results in talks on humanitarian corridors for Mariupol not yet achieved  adviser to interior minister.  Ukrinform (202234). 202234202234

(109)^ Drake, Andrew; Ebel, Francesca; Karmanau, Yuras; Chernov, Mstyslav (202234). Reports: Russia to observe ceasefire in 2 areas of Ukraine. Associated Press. 202236. https://web.archive.org/web/20220306010137/https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-europe-3d9e50b2fa8b08ce1f74c1b09403186e 202234 

(110)^ Red Cross acting as ceasefire guarantor to allow evacuation of Mariupol, Volnovakha  report. The Times of Israel. 202236. https://web.archive.org/web/20220306112553/https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/red-cross-acting-as-ceasefire-guarantor-to-allow-evacuation-of-mariupol-volnovakha-report/ 

(111)^ Hamza Mohamed and Nadim Asrar, Al Jazeera (5 Mar 2022) "Russia-Ukraine live news: Mariupol evacuation halted" Archived 7 March 2022 at the Wayback Machine.

(112)^ Siege of Mariupol: Fresh Russian attacks throw evacuation into chaos. BBC News. (202235). 202236. https://web.archive.org/web/20220306024228/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-60629851 

(113)^ Joel Gunter (202235). Siege of Mariupol: Fresh Russian attacks throw evacuation into chaos. BBC News. 202236. https://web.archive.org/web/20220306024228/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-60629851 202235 

(114)^ Siege of Mariupol: Fresh Russian attacks throw evacuation into chaos. BBC News. (202235). 202236. https://web.archive.org/web/20220306024228/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-60629851 202235 

(115)^ UK accuses Russia of using Mariupol ceasefire plan to reset forces. Reuters. (202235). 202236. https://web.archive.org/web/20220306070128/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/uk-accuses-russia-using-mariupol-ceasefire-plan-reset-forces-2022-03-05/ 202236 

(116)^ Polityuk, Pavel; Vasovic, Aleksandar (202235). Kyiv, Moscow trade blame over failed evacuation as Russian assault grinds on. The StarPhoenix. Reuters (Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada). https://thestarphoenix.com/pmn/business-pmn/kyiv-moscow-trade-blame-over-failed-evacuation-as-russian-assault-grinds-on 202235 

(117)^ abcUkraine: Second attempt to evacuate civilians from Mariupol fails. Deutsche Welle. (202236). 202236. https://archive.today/20220306161124/https://www.dw.com/en/ukraine-second-attempt-to-evacuate-civilians-from-mariupol-fails-live-updates/a-61030032 202236 

(118)^ Gunter, Joel (202236). Mariupol: Fires, no water, and bodies in the street. BBC News. 202239. https://web.archive.org/web/20220309062533/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-60637338 202236 

(119)^ Reuters2022362024413

(120)^ Braithwaite, Sharon (202236). Ukrainian MP: Russia has damaged Donetsk-Mariupol pipeline, leaving over 700,000 people without heat. CNN. 202236. https://web.archive.org/web/20220306233610/https://edition.cnn.com/europe/live-news/ukraine-russia-putin-news-03-06-22/h_0270b55168bce7fce3c9226a2874d715 202236 

(121)^ Marsi, Federica. Anguished Ukrainians await news of relatives in besieged Mariupol. Al Jazeera. 202239. https://web.archive.org/web/20220309234654/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/3/9/anguished-ukrainians-await-news-of-relatives-in-besieged-mariupol 202239 

(122)^ Today 7 Mar 2022. Today. BBC Radio 4. 7 March 2022. : 1h:41m:00s-1h:43m:41s. 202237ICRC Director of Operation Dominik Stillhart: ... so far we have seen unfortunately only agreements in principle ... they have immediately broken down because they lack precision, they lack the kind of information and agreements over times, over roads, over whether people can go out or goods can come in, so all of these things need to be agreed in military to military talks in order for us to also be on the ground to facilitate the agreement between the parties ... we have been talking to them for days on end getting them to an agreement that is sufficiently precise so that it can then be implemented. ... We have a team in Mariupol on the ground ... the [corridor] road that was indicated to them was actually mined so therefore the agreement could not be implemented. That is why it is so important that the two parties have a precise agreement.

(123)^ Rahman, Khaleda (202237). Evacuation Route Offered to Fleeing Ukrainians Was MinedRed Cross. Newsweek. 202239. https://web.archive.org/web/20220309083754/https://www.newsweek.com/evacuation-route-offered-fleeing-ukrainians-mined-1685418 202237 

(124)^ Zaks, Dmitry; Clark, Dave (202238). Ukraine accuses Russia of attacking humanitarian corridors as civilians flee cities. The Times of Israel. Agence France-Presse. 202238. https://web.archive.org/web/20220308213843/https://www.timesofisrael.com/ukraine-accuses-russia-of-attacking-humanitarian-corridors-as-civilians-flee-cities/ 202238 

(125)^ Mstyslav Chernov (202239). Besieged Ukraine city of Mariupol buries dead in mass grave. Mariupol, Ukraine: CTV News. 2022313. https://web.archive.org/web/20220313013644/https://www.ctvnews.ca/world/besieged-ukraine-city-of-mariupol-buries-dead-in-mass-grave-1.5812603 2022312 

(126)^ Mass grave set up in Mariupol as morgues overflow. BBC News. (202239). 202239. https://web.archive.org/web/20220309234737/https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-europe-60657155 202239 

(127)^ War in Ukraine live updates: Russia fires on civilian evacuation points in Mariupol, deputy mayor says. NPR. 202239. https://web.archive.org/web/20220309134705/https://www.npr.org/live-updates/ukraine-chernobyl-russia-evacuation-mariupol#mariupol-official-says-russian-forces-fired-on-evacuation-points-breaching-the-cease-fire 202239 

(128)^ Mariupol says children's hospital destroyed by Russian bombing. National Post. (202239). https://nationalpost.com/pmn/news-pmn/mariupol-says-childrens-hospital-destroyed-by-russian-bombing 202239 

(129)^ Attacks hits Ukraine children's hospital, officials say. Associated Press. (202239). 2022310. https://web.archive.org/web/20220310013615/https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-kyiv-europe-2bed71c00916d44ea951c5809b446db3 202239 

(130)^ Harding, Luke (202239). 'Pure genocide': civilian targets in Mariupol 'annihilated' by Russian attacks. The Guardian. 202239. https://web.archive.org/web/20220309220128/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/mar/09/pure-genocide-civilian-targets-in-mariupol-annihilated-by-russian-attacks 202239 

(131)^ Ukraine war: Three dead as maternity hospital hit by Russian air strike. Associated Press. BBC News. (202239). 202239. https://web.archive.org/web/20220309204706/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-60675599 2022310 

(132)^ Chernov, Mstyslav; Karmanu, Yuras (2022312). Russian troops push towards Kyiv, key cities blockaded. Associated Press. 2022314. https://web.archive.org/web/20220314040531/https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-kyiv-europe-chechnya-b1ce8f7db6408fc78e9204385b6dc754 2022312 

(133)^ Nedos, Vassilis. Greek convoy makes it out of Mariupol. Kathimerini. 2022311. https://web.archive.org/web/20220311182004/https://www.ekathimerini.com/news/1178856/greek-convoy-makes-it-out-of-mariupol/ 202233 

(134)^ Humanitarian corridor for Greek expatriates in Mariupol. Kathimerini. 202234202234

(135)^ Ukraine's Mariupol city says 2,187 residents killed since start of war. Reuters. Devdiscourse. 2022313. https://web.archive.org/web/20220313144512/https://www.devdiscourse.com/article/law-order/1960811-ukraines-mariupol-city-says-2187-residents-killed-since-start-of-war 2022313 

(136)^ Ukraine's Mariupol says city's last reserves of food and water are running out. Reuters. 2022314. https://web.archive.org/web/20220314041940/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/ukraines-mariupol-says-citys-last-reserves-food-water-are-running-out-2022-03-13/ 2022313 

(137)^ Olga Gluschenko (2022313). Оборона Мариуполя: уничтожена бронетехника и живая сила врага (). Ukrayinska Pravda. 2022314. https://web.archive.org/web/20220314083428/https://www.pravda.com.ua/rus/news/2022/03/14/7331129/ 2022314 

(138)^ Turkey to evacuate citizens in Mariupol mosque: FM. Hurriyet Daily News. (2022313). 2022314. https://web.archive.org/web/20220314104410/https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/turkey-to-evacuate-citizens-in-mariupol-mosque-fm-172184 2022314 

(139)^ First convoy of civilians escapes besieged Mariupol. Al Jazeera. (2022314). 2022314. https://web.archive.org/web/20220314183056/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/3/14/ukraine-russia-war-mariupol-evacuation-convoy 2022314 

(140)^ Olga Gluschenko (2022315). ЗСУ відбили атаки на Маріуполь, знищили ворожу техніку і 150 загарбників  штаб (). Ukrayinska Pravda. 2022314. https://web.archive.org/web/20220314232512/https://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2022/03/15/7331402/ 2022315 

(141)^ Rasheed, Jillian Kestler-D'Amours, Zaheena. US warns China not to help Russia; Moscow-Kyiv talks to resume. Al Jazeera. 2022315. https://web.archive.org/web/20220315062507/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/3/14/russia-ukraine-talks-to-resume-amid-moscow-advance-liveblog 2022315 

(142)^ Stewart, Will (2022314). Ukraine war: Russia admits first loss of GRU intelligence officer. Evening Standard (London). 2022314. https://web.archive.org/web/20220314174724/https://www.standard.co.uk/news/world/russia-gru-general-killed-ukraine-war-vladimir-putin-b987888.html 2022315 

(143)^ Andy Hayes (2022315). Ukraine war: 20,000 flee Mariupol in biggest evacuation yet from besieged port city. Sky News. 2022315. https://web.archive.org/web/20220315213712/https://news.sky.com/story/ukraine-war-20-000-evacuated-from-mariupol-in-biggest-evacuation-yet-from-besieged-port-city-12566507 2022316 

(144)^ Fourth Russian general killed in fighting, Ukraine says. The Washington Times. Associated Press. (2022315). 2022316. https://web.archive.org/web/20220316030526/https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2022/mar/15/oleg-mityaev-russian-general-killed-ukrainian-troo/ 2022316 

(145)^ Fourth Russian general killed in Ukraine, claims president Zelensky (). MSN. 2022318. https://web.archive.org/web/20220318203156/https://www.msn.com/en-gb/news/world/fourth-russian-general-killed-in-ukraine-claims-president-zelensky/ar-AAVch7M 2022318 

(146)^ Andrea Rosa (2022318). Ukraine rescuers search Mariupol theater rubble as Russian attacks continue. Associated Press. PBS. 2022323. https://web.archive.org/web/20220323131256/https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/ukraine-rescuers-search-mariupol-theater-rubble-as-russian-attacks-continue 2022318 

(147)^ Natalie Drier (2022316). Russia attacks Ukraine: Mariupol theater used as shelter bombed. KIRO-TV. 2022316. https://web.archive.org/web/20220316195439/https://www.kiro7.com/news/trending/russia-attacks-ukraine-mariupol-theater-used-shelter-bombed/FCCS554IAVBJDJK6NWAU6ALSXI/ 2022316 

(148)^ Мариупольский аэропорт полностью перешел под контроль ДНР.  RIA Novosti (2022318). 20223232022319

(149)^ Fighting Reaches Center Of Mariupol As Putin Puts Up Defiant Appearance. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. (2022318). 2022323. https://web.archive.org/web/20220323232625/https://www.rferl.org/a/ukraine-missile-lviv-russian-invasion/31759094.html 2022318 

(150)^ Russians push deeper into Mariupol as locals plead for help (). Toronto Star. (2022319). ISSN 0319-0781. 2022319. https://web.archive.org/web/20220319161142/https://www.thestar.com/news/world/europe/2022/03/19/ukraines-leader-warns-war-will-cost-russia-for-generations.html 2022319 

(151)^ Meaningful talks on peace and security for Ukraine are the only chance for Russia to reduce the damage from its own mistakes  address by President Volodymyr Zelenskyy. Template:Cite web accessdate 

(152)^ Zelensky, Volodymyr. War Speeches I: February  March 2022. lmverlag. ISBN 9789083172798. https://books.google.com/books?id=VMZuEAAAQBAJ&dq=baranyuk+prokopenko+hero+of+ukraine&pg=PT388 

(153)^ abAzov Regiment Commander Denys Prokopenko hands over his command (). Yahoo! News. https://news.yahoo.com/azov-regiment-commander-denys-prokopenko-193657362.html 2022915 

(154)^ abBondarenko, Khrystyna; Watson, Ivan; Stapleton, AnneClaire; Booth, Tom; Alasaar, Alaa (2022319). Mariupol residents are being forced to go to Russia, city council says (). CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2022/03/19/europe/mariupol-shelter-commander-ukraine-intl/index.html 2022328 

(155)^ Mariupol says Russia forcefully deported thousands of people (). Reuters. (2022320). 2022321. https://web.archive.org/web/20220321035327/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/ukraines-mariupol-says-russia-forcefully-deported-thousands-its-people-2022-03-20/ 2022320 

(156)^ abcBondarenko, Khrystyna; Watson, Ivan; Stapleton, AnneClair (2022321). 'Bombs falling every 10 minutes,' says Ukrainian officer in Mariupol (). Dnipro: CNN. 2022323. https://web.archive.org/web/20220323123424/https://edition.cnn.com/europe/live-news/ukraine-russia-putin-news-03-21-22/h_aa76393e1b16e6be6d04b0acb9fb96d4 2022324 

(157)^ Russian forces bomb school sheltering 400 people in Mariupol, city council says (). CNN. (2022320). 2022322. https://web.archive.org/web/20220322023901/https://edition.cnn.com/europe/live-news/ukraine-russia-putin-news-03-20-22/h_b1c1cd7201927da836d75f3e95f324f9 2022320 

(158)^ INC, SANKEI DIGITAL (2022322).  . . 2024413

(159)^ Ukraine rejects Russian demand to surrender Mariupol and lay down arms (). LBC. (2022321). 2022322. https://web.archive.org/web/20220322132812/https://metro.co.uk/2022/03/21/ukraine-rejects-russias-ultimatum-to-surrender-mariupol-16311563/ 2022321 

(160)^ abcdSchwirtz, Michael (2022724). Last Stand at Azovstal: Inside the Siege That Shaped the Ukraine War (). The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/24/world/europe/ukraine-war-mariupol-azovstal.html 2022915 

(161)^ Altman (2022525). Inside Ukraine's Daring Helicopter Missions Into Russian-Occupied Mariupol. The Drive. Template:Cite web accessdate 

(162)^ Під час оборони Маріуполя загинуло багато льотчиків.  Interfax-Ukraine. Template:Cite web accessdate 

(163)^ Russia says helicopter downed near Mariupol was headed to evacuate Azov unit leaders ().  Tass Russian News Agency (2022328). Template:Cite web accessdate 

(164)^ Guerra Ukrania: 15 soldados Ucranianos mueren al Rusia derribar su helicoptero en Mariúpol ().  RTVE (2022328). Template:Cite web accessdate 

(165)^ Russia Says Prevented Ukraine Officers Fleeing Mariupol By Air (202245). Template:Cite web accessdate 

(166)^ Tucker, Maxim (2023315). Inside Ukraine's 'impossible' military intelligence raid on Azovstal. The Times (London). https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/ukraine-russia-war-azovstal-steel-works-military-intelligence-raid-hqd668pwb 2023411 

(167)^ Clark. Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, March 24.  Institute for the Study of War. Template:Cite web accessdate 

(168)^ Ukraine war in maps: Tracking the Russian invasion (). BBC News. (2022325). 2022324. https://web.archive.org/web/20220324032821/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-60506682 2022325 

(169)^ Institute for the Study of War ().  Institute for the Study of War. 20223252022325

(170)^ Mariupol Mayor Cites 'Thousands' Dead, Says 'Complete Evacuation' Needed (). Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. https://www.rferl.org/a/lviv-attack-humanitarian-corridors/31772646.html 2022328 

(171)^ Carlotta Gall (2022327). As the war in Ukraine moves into its second month, fears grow of Mariupol's fall to Russia.. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/27/world/europe/russia-ukraine-war-combat.html 2022329 

(172)^ Russia's invasion of Ukraine has destroyed a historic computer museum. Engadget (2022327). 2022328 Template:Cite web accessdate 

(173)^ Mariupol is 'in the hands' of Russia, mayor says. The Week (2022329). 2022329

(174)^ Nearly 5,000 people killed in siege of Ukraine's Mariupol  mayor's office.  Reuters (2022328). 2022328

(175)^ "More Than 5,000 Civilians Killed in Mariupol, Mayor Says". TIME. 6 April 2022. 202247202246

(176)^ Schreck, Adam; Rosa, Andrea (202246). Mariupol's dead put at 5,000 as Ukraine braces in the east. Associated Press. https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-zelenskyy-business-europe-crime-a16ccf4774ddcd224c8e07685148b6f1 202246 

(177)^ abMariupol Mayor Cites 'Thousands' Dead, Says 'Complete Evacuation' Needed.  Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (2022327). 2022328

(178)^ Elfoglalták az oroszok a rettegett Azov-zászlóalj egyik bázisát (). Portfolio (2022328). Template:Cite web accessdate 

(179)^ Clark (2022329). Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, March 29.  Institute for the Study of War. 2022412

(180)^ Clark (202242). Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, April 2.  Institute for the Study of War. 2022412

(181)^ abcdeAzov Regiment believes Russian troops should have been stopped on Crimeas border. Yahoo! News (202258). Template:Cite web accessdate 

(182)^ Russia Says Ukrainian Marines Surrendered En-Masse In Mariupol; Western Experts Call It Putin's Propaganda. Eurasian Times (202246). Template:Cite web accessdate  267 Ukrainian marines from the 503rd Battalion of the Ukrainian Naval Forces opted to surrender in the encircled Mariupol

(183)^ abClark (202247). Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, April 7.  Institute for the Study of War. 2022412

(184)^ Saul, Jonathan (202245). Foreign ship sinks in Mariupol after missile attacks, says flag registry. The Globe and Mail. https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-foreign-merchant-ship-hit-by-missile-in-mariupol-ukrainian-official-2/ 

(185)^ Mason Clark (202248). Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, April 8.  Institute for the Study of War. 2022412

(186)^  Template:Cite web archiveurl  archivedate Clark (202249). Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, April 9.  Institute for the Study of War. Karolina2022412

(187)^ Clark (2022410). Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, April 10.  Institute for the Study of War. 2022412

(188)^ Clark (2022410). Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, April 11.  Institute for the Study of War. 2022412

(189)^ Emmanuel Peuchot (2022411). Ukraine Braces for Fall of Mariupol to Russia. Moscow Times. 2022411

(190)^ It became known about the Marines handed over to the Ukrainian Armed Forces in Mariupol. 24 Happenings (2022411). Template:Cite web accessdate  About 160 Marines surrendered to the Ukrainian Armed Forces (APU) in Mariupol.

(191)^ abБасурин сообщил об убийстве в Мариуполе командира 36-й бригады морской пехоты ВС Украины [Basurin announced the murder in Mariupol of the commander of the 36th Separate Marine Brigade of the Armed Forces of Ukraine] (). Tass. (2022417). https://tass.ru/mezhdunarodnaya-panorama/14398327 2022418 

(192)^ abRussia Claims 1,000 Members of the 36th Marine Brigade Surrendered in Mariupol.  SOFREP (2022414). 2022418

(193)^ abcMason Clark (2022413). Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, April 13.  Institute for the Study of War. 2022418

(194)^ Marines from 36th brigade break through to Azov fighters, defenders of Mariupol strengthen defense area.  Interfax-Ukraine (2022413). 2022418

(195)^ George Grylls; Charlie Parker (2022412). Briton Aiden Aslin 'surrenders' in Mariupol as he runs out of food. The Times (London). https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/british-fighter-captured-by-russians-in-mariupol-mrgbph35h 2022418 

(196)^ abPetr Ermilin (2022412). More than 1,000 Ukrainian Marines voluntarily surrendered in Mariupol. Pravda. https://english.pravda.ru/news/hotspots/151114-ukrainian_marines_voluntarily_surrendered/ 2022418 

(197)^ Peter Graff; William Maclean; Cynthia Osterman (2022413). Russia says 1,026 Ukrainian marines surrendered in Mariupol. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russia-says-1026-ukrainian-marines-surrendered-mariupol-2022-04-13/ 2022418 

(198)^ Ronald Popeski; Robert Birsel (2022413). Chechen chief Kadyrov says over 1,000 Ukrainian marines surrender in Mariupol. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/chechen-chief-kadyrov-says-over-1000-ukrainian-marines-surrender-mariupol-2022-04-13/ 2022418 

(199)^ Elena Teslova (2022414). 134 more Ukrainian servicemen surrendered in Mariupol: Russia.  Anadolu Agency. 2022418 This means a total of 1,160 Ukrainian soldiers and officers laid down their weapons in Mariupol on Wednesday

(200)^ Нестор Дим (2022413). орпіхи 36-ї бригади в Маріуполі: частина з'єдналася з "Азовом", частина  ішла на прорив, багато потрапили в полон (). Novynarnia. 2022427

(201)^ Mariupol commercial sea port fully liberated from Azov regiment's Nazi fighters. Tass. (2022413). https://tass.com/economy/1437337 2022418 

(202)^ abcMason Clarke (2022417). Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, April 17.  Institute for the Study of War. 2022418

(203)^ Aditi Sangal; Adrienne Vogt; Helen Regan; Matias Grez; Jeevan Ravindran; Laura Smith-Spark; Maureen Chowdhury; Mike Hayes (2022413). Ukrainian commanders defending Mariupol say their units were able to link up despite relentless attacks. CNN. https://edition.cnn.com/europe/live-news/ukraine-russia-putin-news-04-13-22/h_e4502c33d6704e73feb5fb5b43937d08 2022418 

(204)^ Mariupol defenders tell how the commander of marines fled the city. Yahoo! News (202258). Template:Cite web accessdate 

(205)^ Марк Ворошилов (2022412). 'Потери просто сумасшедшие',  ВСУ уничтожили полный состав 810-й бригады морской пехоты из Феодосии ["The losses are just crazy"  the Armed Forces of Ukraine destroyed the entire composition of the 810th Brigade of Naval Infantry from Feodosia"].  Диалог.UA [dialog.ua]. Template:Cite web accessdate 

(206)^ Drozd (2022415). Ukrainian commander issues urgent plea in Mariupol ().  ABC News. 20224182022418

(207)^ Russian Tu-22M3 bombers strike Mariupol.  Ukrinform (2022415). 2022418

(208)^ abKagan (2022416). Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, April 16.  Institute for the Study of War. 2022418

(209)^ abAdam Schreck; Mystyslav Chernov (2022418). Ukrainian defenders in Mariupol defy surrender-or-die demand. Associated Press. https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-zelenskyy-kyiv-business-europe-893384be23cf0fc1c0b9e566de372046 2022418 

(210)^ Ukraine war: Mariupol defenders will fight to the end says PM. BBC News. (2022418). https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-61135901 2022418 

(211)^ Clarke (2022420). Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, April 20.  Institute for the Study of War. 2022420

(212)^ Russia bombards Mariupol steel plant as fighting moves to Ukraine's east. PBS NewsHour (2022420). Template:Cite web accessdate 

(213)^ Schreck, Adam (2022421). Putin claims Mariupol win but won't storm Ukrainian holdout (). Associated Press. https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-putin-kyiv-business-europe-f0e1cd893715eda1e6bef696d9c47db3 2022421 

(214)^ Putin calls off plan to storm Mariupol plant, opts for blockade instead (). Reuters. (2022421). https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/putin-cancels-russian-plans-storm-mariupol-steel-plant-opts-blockade-instead-2022-04-21/ 2022421 

(215)^ Yvette Tan (2022421). Steelworks battle was militarily irrelevant to Russia  former armed forces chief. BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-europe-61157670?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=6261252db1e16c43aefe6d26%26Steelworks%20battle%20was%20militarily%20irrelevant%20to%20Russia%20-%20former%20armed%20forces%20chief%262022-04-21T10%3A28%3A37%2B00%3A00&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:4cf0b468-fc6a-4070-bdde-a630db279617&pinned_post_asset_id=6261252db1e16c43aefe6d26&pinned_post_type=share 2022425 

(216)^ Michael Schwirtz (2022422). Inside Azovstal Plant, Ukrainian Sergeant Prays for Rescue. Yahoo! News. 2022426. https://web.archive.org/web/20220426060301/https://www.yahoo.com/news/inside-azovstal-plant-ukrainian-sergeant-115750505.html 2022422 

(217)^ Tondo, Lorenzo (2022422). Fears for hundreds of civilians trapped in Mariupol steel plant (). The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/apr/22/fears-civilians-trapped-mariupol-steel-plant-azovstal-russia-ukraine-war 2023729 

(218)^ David Keyton; Yesica Fisch (2022423). Ukraine battered again; Zelenskyy says US officials to visit. Associated Press. https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-kyiv-business-europe-moscow-07659d866eb9496caf00842c3a90f36c 2022425 

(219)^ Frederick W. Kagan (2022423). Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, April 23.  Institute for the Study of War. 2022425

(220)^ abConnor Sephton (2022423). Ukraine war: A dozen crack Russian military units redeployed from Mariupol as Kyiv claims to have rearmed blockaded district with daring night-time helicopter drop ().  Sky News. 2022423

(221)^ Mason Clarke (2022424). Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, April 23.  Institute for the Study of War. 2022425

(222)^ Schwirtz, Michael (2022519). Ukrainians in Mariupol's Steel Plant Are Holding On, a Commander Tells the Times - The New York Times. The New York Times. 2022519. https://web.archive.org/web/20220519213525/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/24/world/europe/ukrainian-forces-mariupol-steel-plant.html 2023728 

(223)^ Tim Lister; Olga Voitoivych (2022428). Mariupol steel plant suffers "heaviest airstrikes so far," Ukrainian official says. CNN. https://edition.cnn.com/europe/live-news/russia-ukraine-war-news-04-28-22/h_dd62bedc8e546d2ac1e63fe1f9c5c89e 202253 

(224)^ Tim Lister (2022429). 600 injured in recent bombing of Azovstal steel plant, Mariupol mayor says. CNN. https://edition.cnn.com/europe/live-news/russia-ukraine-war-news-04-29-22/h_033255be05675f2de9686e1c2e430dff 202253 

(225)^ Ukraine: UN-Red Cross operation underway to evacuate civilians from stricken Mariupol plant (). UN News (202251). 202252

(226)^ abGo inside the civilian evacuation of Mariupol's besieged Azovstal steel plant (). ABC News. (202251). https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-05-02/inside-the-mariupol-azovstal-steel-plan-evacuation/101029722 202252 

(227)^ Tiffany Wertheimer (202251). Ukraine latest news: Safe passage for civilians to leave Mariupol under way  UN ().  BBC News. 202252

(228)^ Mariupol civilians leave besieged Azovstal steelworks (). BBC News. (2022430). https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-61285178 202252 

(229)^ Thomas (2022430). Wives of Mariupol defenders appeal for soldiers' evacuation ().  ABC News. 202252

(230)^ At least 100 civilians evacuated from Azovstal plant in Mariupol, Zelenskyy says (). ABC News. (202251). https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-05-02/100-civilians-evacuated-from-azovstal-plant/101029634 202252 

(231)^ David Vergun (202252). Russians Make Minimal Progress in the Donbas, DOD Official Says. U.S. Department of Defense. https://www.defense.gov/News/News-Stories/Article/Article/3016826/russians-make-minimal-progress-in-the-donbas-dod-official-says/ 202253 

(232)^ Matt Seyler (202252). Russians leaving Mariupol, progress in Donbas 'minimal at best': US. ABC News. https://abcnews.go.com/International/live-updates/russia-ukraine/?id=83931446#84447492 202253 

(233)^ Russian troops begin to storm Azovstal plant ().  Ukrinform (202253). 202255

(234)^ Ukraine war: Zelensky plea as Russians seek Mariupol endgame. BBC News. (202254). https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-61327638 

(235)^ Russians break into the Azovstal plant in Mariupol  sources (). Ukrayinska Pravda. 202255

(236)^ Russian troops enter Azovstal plant, top Ukrainian lawmaker says. Reuters. (202255). https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russian-troops-enter-azovstal-plant-top-ukrainian-lawmaker-says-2022-05-04/ 

(237)^ Ukraine war: 300 civilians evacuated from Mariupol after Russia opens humanitarian corridors. Sky News. (202255). https://news.sky.com/story/ukraine-war-300-civilians-evacuated-from-mariupol-after-russia-opens-humanitarian-corridors-12605659 

(238)^ 'Seemed like goodbye': Mariupol defenders make their stand. Associated Press. (202255). https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-war-aab9f48d6c4941d2f4d4b5d3fa8ed751 

(239)^ Ukraine loses contact with Azovstal defenders as Russian troops storm steelworks. The Daily Telegraph. (202255). https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2022/05/04/besieged-azovstal-steelwork-bunker-survivors-stave-hunger-frying/ 

(240)^ Fresh Rescue Efforts Under Way at Ukraine's Azovstal Steel Plant. The Wall Street Journal. (202256). https://www.wsj.com/amp/articles/fresh-rescue-efforts-under-way-at-ukraines-azovstal-steel-plant-11651832346 

(241)^ Ukraine says all women, children and elderly out of besieged Azovstal plant ().  Deutsche Welle (202257). 202257

(242)^ Toman (202257). Women, children, elderly out of besieged plant  Ukraine ().  BBC News. 202257

(243)^ Lister, Tim; Presniakova, Julia; Voitovych, Olga (202257). 'All women, children and elderly' have been evacuated from Azovstal, Ukrainian government says. CNN. https://www.cnn.com/europe/live-news/russia-ukraine-war-news-05-07-22/h_456dfc3da83069be92f71477358b870a 202257 

(244)^ 'Hellish reality show': Trapped Mariupol fighter pleads for help ().  Al Jazeera (202258). 202258

(245)^ Donetsk People's Republic Leader Holds Victory Day Parade in Mariupol (). Northern Territory News. 20225172022510

(246)^ Intelligence officers explain why Azovstal exit was not a surrender (). Yahoo! News (202269). 2022921

(247)^ Live: Nearly two-thirds of Kyiv's 3.5 million residents have now returned to the city. Euronews (2022510). Template:Cite web accessdate 

(248)^ Kyiv says over 1,000 Ukraine fighters still in Azovstal plant (). Al Arabiya English (2022510). 2022515

(249)^ Stepanenko (2022512). Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, May 12.  Institute for the Study of War. 2022516

(250)^ Stepanenko (2022513). Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, May 13.  Institute for the Study of War. 2022516

(251)^ 'They came out of Azovstal with a white flag'; Negotiations are underway.  B92 (2022516). Template:Cite web accessdate 

(252)^ Azovstal defenders appear to signal end of siege (). The Jerusalem Post (2022516). 2022515

(253)^ Longest battle of war ends as Ukrainian troops evacuated from Azovstal steel mill in Mariupol (). The Sydney Morning Herald (2022517). Template:Cite web accessdate 

(254)^ Azovstal siege ends as hundreds of Ukrainian fighters surrender (). Reuters. (2022517). 2022517. https://archive.today/20220517160354/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russia-backed-separatists-say-256-ukrainian-fighters-surrendered-azovstal-2022-05-17/ 2022517 

(255)^ Ukraine: ICRC registers hundreds of prisoners of war from Azovstal plant.  International Committee of the Red Cross (2022519). 2022521

(256)^ Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, May 18.  Institute for the Study of Warfare (2022518). 2022519

(257)^ Ljunggren, David (2022521). Russia shows video of Azovstal defenders surrendering. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russia-says-remaining-531-azovstal-defenders-surrender-steelworks-siege-over-2022-05-20/ 

(258)^ НаАзовсталисдался командир батальона "Азов".  RBK Group (2022520). Template:Cite web accessdate 

(259)^ Russia says 959 Ukrainian fighters surrendered from Azovstal so far. Reuters. (2022518). https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russia-says-959-ukrainian-fighters-surrendered-azovstal-so-far-2022-05-18/ 

(260)^ `Russia says 771 more Ukrainian soldiers surrender at Azovstal steel plant. Xinhua News Agency. https://english.news.cn/20220519/6c7f232510444c2f93ccb88977ad1873/c.html 

(261)^ War in Ukraine: Kyiv orders Azovstal troops to stop fighting, Russia claims control of Mariupol. Le Monde. (2022520). https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2022/05/20/war-in-ukraine-kyiv-orders-azovstal-troops-to-stop-fighting_5984152_4.html 

(262)^ 420224171

(263)^  20224172

(264)^  2022614202275

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(266)^ Список погибших Мариуполь. Google Docs. 2022728

(267)^ Makeshift graves and notes on doors: the struggle to find and bury Mariupols dead (). the Guardian (202261). 2022728

(268)^ ab1300AP. (20221224). 2023118

(269)^ . CNN.co.jp. CNN. (2023320). https://www.cnn.co.jp/world/35201498.html 2023321 

(270)^ 20 2024429

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