Help:IPA/Irish: Difference between revisions

The charts below show the way in which the [[International Phonetic Alphabet]] (IPA) represents [[Irish language|Irish-language]] pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see [[Template:IPA]] and {{section link|Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation#Entering IPA characters}}.

See [[Irish phonology]] and [[Irish orthography]] for a more thorough look at the sounds of Irish and how they are represented in writing, respectively.

|+ Consonants<ref>Irish makes contrasts between [[velarized]] ("broad") and [[palatalization (phonetics)|palatalized]] ("slender") consonants. Velarized consonants, denoted in the IPA by a superscript {{vr|ˠ}} (that is not a capital Y but a Latin letter, based on a Greek lowercase [[gamma]], {{vr|&gamma;}}), are pronounced with the back of the [[tongue]] raised toward the [[soft palate|velum]], which happens to the {{IPA|/l/}} in English ''pi'''ll''''' in some accents like [[Received Pronunciation|RP]] and [[General American]] but not [[Hiberno-English]]. In [[Irish orthography]], broad consonants are surrounded by {{vr|a}}, {{vr|o}}, and {{vr|u}}. Slender consonants, denoted in the IPA by a superscript {{vr|ʲ}}, are pronounced with the body of the tongue raised toward the [[hard palate]] like the articulation of the {{IPAblink|j}} sound in ''yes'' {{IPAc-en|j|ɛ|s}}. In Irish orthography, slender consonants are surrounded by {{vr|e}} and {{vr|i}}.</ref>

| me'''di'''a

| {{big|{{IPAlink|j}}}}<ref>Also {{IPAblink|ʝ}} in some positions in some dialects. In Munster word final {{IPA|/j/}} is [[fortition|fortified]] to {{IPA|[ɟ]}}, merging with {{IPA|/ɟ/}}.</ref><ref name="wj">Word final {{IPA|/əj/}} ({{vr|(a)idh, (a)igh}}) and {{IPA|/əw/}} ({{vr|(e)abh, (e)amh}} or {{vr|bh, mh}} after an epenthetic schwa) have merged with with {{IPA|/ə/}} in South Connacht. In North Connacht and Ulster they merge with {{IPA|/iː/}} and {{IPA|/uː/}}, respectively. In Munster, the former is realised as {{IPA|[əɟ]}} and the latter as {{IPA|[əvˠ]}}.</ref>

| a'''n'''gular

| {{big|{{IPAlink|w}}}}<ref>{{IPA|[w~βˠ~vˠ]}} depending on dialect and position.</ref><ref name="wj"></ref>

| '''w'''ood or '''v'''oodoo

| '''ch'''eist, dei'''ch''', '''th'''eann, '''th'''eocht, '''th'''iúilip, '''th'''iocfadh, '''th'''iubh

! IPA

! Examples

! English approximation

| m'''a'''c

|{{big|{{IPAlink|aː}}}}

|t'''á'''

|f'''a'''ther

|{{big|{{IPAlink|eː}}}}

|m'''é''', g'''ae'''l

|p'''ay'''

|{{big|{{IPAlink|iː}}}}

|m'''í'''n, n'''aoi'''

|m'''ea'''n

|{{big|{{IPAlink|oː}}}}

|b'''ó''', c'''eo'''l

|r'''o'''ll

|{{big|{{IPAlink|uː}}}}

|t'''ú'''

|t'''oo'''

| colspan="3" {{n/a}}

|}

{|class="wikitable"

|+Diphthongs

!IPA

!Examples

!English

Approximation

|align=center |{{big|{{IPA|iə}}}}<ref name=diph>All Irish diphthongs have [[falling diphthong|falling]] sonority; they could therefore more precisely be transliterated as {{IPA|[iə̯, uə̯, əi̯, əu̯]}}.</ref>

|align=center |{{big|{{IPA|uə}}}}<ref name=diph />

|align=center |{{big|{{IPA|əi}}}}<ref name=diph />

|align=center |{{big|{{IPA|əu}}}}<ref name=diph />

| [[secondary stress]] (usually found only in [[compound (linguistics)|compounds]])

! Ní Chasaide (1999)<ref>{{cite book|last=Ní Chasaide |first=Ailbhe |year=1999 |chapter=Irish |title=Handbook of the International Phonetic Association |location=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |pages=111–116 |isbn=0-521-63751-1 |chapter-url=https://pdfhost.io/v/2740vhkDX_Irishpdf.pdf}}</ref><br/>([[Ulster Irish|Gweedore]])

! Quiggin (1906)<ref>{{cite book|last=Quiggin|first=E.&nbsp;C.|year=1906|title=[[s:A Dialect of Donegal|A Dialect of Donegal: Being the Speech of Meenawannia in the Parish of Glenties]]|location=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press}}</ref><br />([[Ulster Irish|Glenties]])

! Ó Siadhail (1988)<ref>{{cite book|title=Learning Irish: An Introductory Self-tutor |first=Mícheál |last=Ó Siadhail |author-link=Micheal O'Siadhail |isbn=0-300-04224-8 |location=New Haven |publisher=Yale University Press |year=1988}}</ref><br/>([[Connacht Irish|Cois Fharraige]])

==See also==

* {{clc|Pages with Irish IPA|pages}}