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1 Notes  





2 See also  














Help:IPA/Lao







 

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 

< Help:IPA

These charts illustrate International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) symbols used for pronunciations of the Lao/Isan (Lao script for Nongkhai-Vientiane dialect, a standard Lao in Laos; Thai script for Isan is from Roikaensarasin dialect, a standard Lao in Thailand) and Phu Thai in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA, and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

Consonants
IPA Lao Isan Phu Thai English approximation
Syllable-initial consonants
b boss
d ฎ, ด ฎ, ด done
f ຝ, ຟ ฝ, ฟ ฝ, ฟ food
h ຫ, ຮ ห, ฮ ห, ฮ head
j ย, อย, หย ย, อย, หย yak
k scan
ຂ, ຄ ข, ฃ, ค, ฅ, ฆ ข, ฃ, ค, ฅ, ฆ can
l ລ, ຫຼ ล, ฬ, หล ร, หร, ล, ฬ, หล law
m ມ, ໝ ม, หม ม, หม much
n ນ, ໜ ณ, น, หน ณ, น, หน not
ŋ ງ, ຫງ ง, หง ง, หง singer
ɲ[1] ຍ, ຫຍ ญ, ย, หย ญ, ย, หย canyon
p span
ຜ, ພ ผ, พ, ภ ผ, พ, ภ pan
r[2] ຣ, ຫຼ, ຫຣ ร, หร ร, หร trilled r
s ສ, ຊ ซ, ศ, ษ, ส ซ, ศ, ษ, ส sue
t ฏ, ต ฏ, ต stable
ຖ, ທ ฐ, ฑ, ฒ, ถ, ท, ธ ฐ, ฑ, ฒ, ถ, ท, ธ table
somewhat like jean; like Mandarin beijing
tɕʰ[2] ฉ, ช, ฌ ฉ, ช, ฌ somewhat like cheese; like Mandarin qing
w ວ, ຫວ ว, หว ว, หว way
x[3] ຂ, ຄ ข, ฃ, ค, ฅ, ฆ ข, ฃ, ค, ฅ, ฆ loch
ʔ the catch in uh'-oh
Syllable-final consonants
j ຍ, ຽ toy
k[4] ก, ข, ค, ฆ ก, ข, ค, ฆ tractor
m dam
n ญ, ณ, น,
ร, ล, ฬ
ญ, ณ, น,
ร, ล, ฬ
pin
ŋ sing
p[4] บ, ป, พ, ฟ, ภ บ, ป, พ, ฟ, ภ apt
t[4] จ, ช, ซ, ฎ,
ฏ, ฐ, ฑ, ฒ,
ด, ต, ถ, ท,
ธ, ศ ,ษ ,ส
จ, ช, ซ, ฎ,
ฏ, ฐ, ฑ, ฒ,
ด, ต, ถ, ท,
ธ, ศ ,ษ ,ส
catnip
w down
ʔ ะ, – ะ, – flat (Cockney)
 
Tone[5]
IPA Description
āː mid [aː˧]
àː low falling [aː˨˩]or[aː˩]
âː high falling [aː˦˩]
a᷇ː high-mid falling [aː˥˧] (Isan)
ȁː mid falling [aː˧˩] (Lao)
áː high rising [aː˦˥]or[aː˥]
ǎː low rising [aː˨˩˦]or[aː˨˦]
Vowels
IPA Lao[6] Isan/Phu Thai English approximation
Short monophthongs[7]
a ◌ະ, ◌ັ◌ ◌, ◌ะ, ◌ั◌ cut
e ເ◌ະ, ເ◌ັ◌ เ◌ะ, เ◌็◌ mate
ɛ ແ◌ະ, ແ◌ັ◌ แ◌ะ, แ◌็◌ bat
i ◌ິ, ◌ິ◌ ◌ิ, ◌ิ◌ happy
o ໂ◌ະ, ◌ົ◌ โ◌ะ, ◌◌ boat
ɔ ເ◌າະ, ◌ັອ◌ เ◌าะ, ◌็อ◌ jock (RP)
u ◌ຸ, ◌ຸ◌ ◌ุ, ◌ุ◌ shoot
ɯ ◌ຶ, ◌ຶ◌ ◌ึ, ◌ึ◌ could (weak sound)
ɤ ເ◌ິ[8], ເ◌ິ◌ เ◌อะ the
Long monopthongs
◌າ, ◌າ◌ ◌า, ◌า◌ bra
ເ◌, ເ◌◌ เ◌, เ◌◌ play
ɛː ແ◌, ແ◌◌ แ◌, แ◌◌ man
◌ີ, ◌ີ◌ ◌ี, ◌ี◌ green
ໂ◌, ໂ◌◌ โ◌, โ◌◌ go
ɔː ◌ໍ, ◌ອ◌ ◌, ◌อ, ◌อ◌ dog
◌ູ, ◌ູ◌ ◌ู, ◌ู◌ moon
ɯː ◌ື, ◌ື◌ ◌ือ, ◌ื◌ goose (Australian)
ɤː ເ◌ີ, ເ◌ີ◌ เ◌อ, เ◌ิ◌ fur
Diphthongs[9]
ia ເ◌ຍ, ◌ຽ◌ เ◌ีย, เ◌ีย◌ idea
ua ◌ົວ, ◌ວ◌ ◌ัว, ◌ว◌ poor (British English)
ɯa ເ◌ືອ, ເ◌ືອ◌ เ◌ือ, เ◌ือ◌ No English equivalent
Vowels + syllable-final /j, w/ and Tripthongs
aj ໃ◌, ໄ◌ ◌ัย, ใ◌, ไ◌ sight
aw ເ◌ົາ เ◌า house
ew ເ◌ວ, ເ◌ັວ เ◌ว, เ◌็ว No English equivalent
ɛw ແ◌ວ, ແ◌ັວ แ◌ว, แ◌็ว No English equivalent
iw ◌ິວ ◌ิว duty
ɔj ◌ອຍ, ◌ັອຍ ◌อย, ◌็อย choice
uj ◌ຸຍ ◌ุย chewy
aːj ◌າຍ ◌าย mind
aːw ◌າວ ◌าว cow
eːw ເ◌ວ เ◌ว No English equivalent
ɛːw ແ◌ວ แ◌ว cow (Australian)
oːj ໂ◌ຍ โ◌ย boy (Australian)
ɔːj ◌ອຍ ◌อย toy
uːj ◌ູຍ ◌ูย No English equivalent
ɤːj ເ◌ີຍ เ◌ย millefeuille (British)
iaw ◌ຽວ เ◌ียว meow
uaj ◌ວຍ ◌วย Uruguay
ɯaj ເ◌ືອຍ เ◌ือย No English equivalent

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ Not present in Central and Southern Thai.
  • ^ a b Only loan word from Central and Southern Thai.
  • ^ Allophone of /kʰ/ some dialects.
  • ^ a b c In syllable-final position, /p, t, k,/ have no audible release: [p̚, t̚, k̚].
  • ^ In contrast to Pinyin romanization for Mandarin, Thai romanization uses diacritics in the same way as the IPA.
  • ^ Diacritics are shown on a dotted circle "◌".
  • ^ In Isan, Phu Thai and Lao, the signs ◌ะ and ◌ະ are respectively used to indicate a glottal stop after the vowel.
  • ^ The vowel『ເ◌ິ』is a modern vowel form.
  • ^ More diphthongs occur in the pattern /Vw/or/Vj/: /aj, aːj, aw, aːw, iw, uj, uːj, ew, eːw, ɛːw, ɤːj, oːj, ɔːj, iaw, uaj, ɯaj/.[citation needed]
  • See also[edit]


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    This page was last edited on 8 June 2024, at 14:35 (UTC).

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