 |
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this articlebyadding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
Find sources: "Leizhou Min" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (July 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
| Leizhou Min | |
|---|---|
| Leizhounese | |
| [lɔi˩ uɛ˨˦] | |
| Pronunciation | [lɔi˩ uɛ˨˦] (Lei city dialect) |
| Native to | China, Hong Kong and Macau, Taiwan, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, United States (California) |
| Region | Leizhou Peninsula in southwestern Guangdong |
Native speakers | around 2.8 million in China (2004)[1] |
| |
Early forms | |
| Dialects | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | (luh is proposed[5]) |
| Glottolog | leiz1236 |
| Linguasphere | 79-AAA-jj |
Leizhou Min | |
| This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. | |
LeizhouorLuichew Min (simplified Chinese: 雷州话; traditional Chinese: 雷州話; pinyin: Léizhōuhuà, [lěɪʈʂóʊ xwâ]) is a branch of Min Chinese spoken in Leizhou city, Xuwen County, Mazhang District, most parts of Suixi County and also spoken inside of the linguistically diverse Xiashan District. In the classification of Yuan Jiahua, it was included in the Southern Min group, though it has low intelligibility with other Southern Min varieties. In the classification of Li Rong, used by the Language Atlas of China, it was treated as a separate Min subgroup.[6] Hou Jingyi combined it with Hainanese in a Qiong–Lei group.[7]
Leizhou Min has 17 initials, 47 rimes and 8 tones.
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Velar | Glottal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m 魔 |
n 娜 |
ŋ 俄 |
|||
| Plosive | voiced | b 磨 |
||||
| voiceless | unaspirated | p 波 |
t 刀 |
k 哥 |
||
| aspirated | pʰ 坡 |
tʰ 駝 |
kʰ 戈 |
|||
| Fricative | voiced | z 尿 |
||||
| voiceless | s 所 |
h 何 | ||||
| Affricate | voiceless | unaspirated | t͡s 槽 |
|||
| aspirated | t͡sʰ 切 |
|||||
| Lateral approximant | l 羅 |
|||||
| zero consonant | zero consonant 窩 | |||||
The phoneme given here as /b/ is described by Li and Thompson instead as /v/.[8]
| i 濟 | u 敷 | |
| a 爸 | ia 兵 | ua 瓜 |
| ɛ 馬 | iɛ 爺 | uɛ 妹 |
| ɔ 波 | iɔ 漿 | |
| ai 派 | uai 蒯 | |
| au 包 | iau 彪 | |
| ɛu 嘔 | iu 休 | |
| ɔi 矮 | ui 拉 | |
| m̩ 唔 | ||
| am 耽 | iam 添 | |
| em 冚 | im 音 | |
| ŋ̩ 嗯 | iŋ 興 | uŋ 尊 |
| aŋ 班 | iaŋ 江 | uaŋ 完 |
| eŋ 冰 | ieŋ 填 | |
| ɔŋ 磅 | iɔŋ 永 | |
| ap 合 | iap 臘 | |
| ep 鑷 | ip 立 | |
| ik 集 | uk 郁 | |
| ak 達 | iak 燭 | uak 括 |
| ek 德 | iek 即 | uek 國 |
| ɔk 鐸 | iɔk 略 |
Leizhou has six tones, which are reduced to two in checked syllables.
| Tone number | Tone name | Tone contour | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | yin ping (陰平) | ˨˦ (24) | rising |
| 2 | yin shang (陰上) | ˦˨ (42) | falling (high falling) |
| 3 | yin qu (陰去) | ˨˩ (21) | bottom (low falling) |
| 4 | yin ru (陰入) | ˥̚ (5) | high checked |
| 5 | yang ping (陽平) | ˨ (2) | low |
| 6 | yang shang (陽上) | ˧ (3) | mid |
| 7 | yang qu (陽去) | ˥ (5) | high |
| 8 | yang ru (陽入) | ˩̚ (1) | low checked |
|
Sino-Tibetan branches
| |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Western Himalayas (Himachal, Uttarakhand, Nepal, Sikkim) |
|
| |||
| Eastern Himalayas (Tibet, Bhutan, Arunachal) |
| ||||
| Myanmar and Indo-Burmese border |
| ||||
| East and Southeast Asia |
| ||||
| Dubious (possible isolates) (Arunachal) |
| ||||
| Proposed groupings |
| ||||
| Proto-languages |
| ||||
Italics indicates single languages that are also considered to be separate branches. | |||||
|
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Major groups |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Standard forms |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Phonology |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Grammar |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Idioms |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Input |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| History |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Literary forms |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Scripts |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 | This Sino-Tibetan languages-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
