地方については、伝統的な血族にもとづいた領主権と、比較的小規模な王の役職とが組み合わされて統治が行われた。15世紀まで大規模な領主権という古くからの型がほとんど無傷に残存し、独立戦争以降の王の恩顧によってダグラス(Douglas)とクロフォード(Crawford)の2つの「分散的な伯領」が主に国境地域や南西部に新たに加わった。支配的な血族はステュワートで、彼らが多くの伯領を支配するようになった。彼らが王位を獲得し、一連の内部の闘争と没収により、1460年代頃までに君主は王国内での自身の地位を変容させ、「領域的」な伯領と領主権のほとんどの支配を手に入れた。いまや有力者たちは半独立的な領主権を運営するのではなく、分散した所領と時折影響力を持つ地域を持つようになった。低地地方において王権は、半独立的な領主権を通じてではなく、シェリフ管区の制度や他の任命された役職を通じて統治を行うことができるようになった。高地地方においては、ジェイムズ2世が寵臣のために2つの新しい領域的伯領を創設した。キァンベル家(Campbells)のためのアーガイル伯と、ゴードン家(Gordons)のためのハントリー伯であり、マクドナルド氏族(Macdonalds)による自立的で広大な島嶼の領主権(Lordship of the Isles)に対抗するための防塁として機能することが期待された。ジェイムズ4世は、ジョン・マクドナルド2世(en:John Macdonald II)がイングランドとの同盟を画策しているのを発見したあとに、1493年に彼の所領と称号を王権へと併合することによりマクドナルドの問題をほぼ解決した[75]。
^A. Curry, The Hundred Years War (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2nd edn., 2003), ISBN1-4039-0816-8, p. 126.
^C. J. Rogers, War Cruel and Sharp: English Strategy under Edward III, 1327–1360 (Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer, 2000), ISBN0-85115-804-8, pp. 334–9.
^B. Webster, Medieval Scotland: the Making of an Identity (St. Martin's Press, 1997), ISBN0-333-56761-7, pp. 95–6.
^ abcS. H. Rigby, A Companion to Britain in the Later Middle Ages (Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2003), ISBN0-631-21785-1, pp. 301–2.
^A. D. M. Barrell, Medieval Scotland (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), ISBN0-521-58602-X, pp. 151–4.
^A. D. M. Barrell, Medieval Scotland (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), ISBN0-521-58602-X, pp. 154–60.
^ abcA. D. M. Barrell, Medieval Scotland (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), ISBN0-521-58602-X, pp. 160–9.
^A. Macquarrie, Medieval Scotland: Kinship and Nation (Thrupp: Sutton, 2004), p. 220.
^R. Tanner, The Late Medieval Scottish Parliament: Politics and the Three Estates, 1424–1488 (Edinburgh: Tuckwell, 2001), pp. 201–4.
^A. D. M. Barrell, Medieval Scotland (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), ISBN0-521-58602-X, pp. 171–2.
^J. Wormald, Court, Kirk, and Community: Scotland, 1470–1625 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1991), ISBN0-7486-0276-3, p. 6.
^C. J. Drees, The Late Medieval Age of Crisis and Renewal, 1300–1500 (London: Greenwood, 2001), ISBN0-313-30588-9, pp. 244–5.
^J. E. A. Dawson, Scotland Re-formed, 1488–1587 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2007), ISBN0-7486-1455-9, p. 117.
^ abcJ. Wormald, Court, Kirk, and Community: Scotland, 1470–1625 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1991), ISBN0-7486-0276-3, pp. 14–15.
^E. P. Dennison, D. Ditchburn and M. Lynch, eds, Aberdeen Before 1800: a New History (Toronto: Dundurn, 2002), ISBN1-86232-114-0, p. 221.
^N. MacDougall, James IV: the Stewart Dynasty in Scotland (Edinbugh: John Donald, 1997), ISBN0-85976-663-2, p. 189.
^R. A. Mason, Scots and Britons: Scottish Political Thought and the Union of 1603 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994), ISBN0-521-42034-2, p. 162.
^J. Wormald, Court, Kirk, and Community: Scotland, 1470–1625 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1991), ISBN0-7486-0276-3, p. 7.
^G. Menzies, Who are the Scots?: and, The Scottish Nation (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2002), ISBN1-902930-38-X, p. 179.
^R. Mitchison, A History of Scotland (London: Routledge, 3rd edn., 2002), ISBN0-415-27880-5, p. 2.
^World and Its Peoples (London: Marshall Cavendish), ISBN0-7614-7883-3, p. 13.
^ abJ. Wormald, Court, Kirk, and Community: Scotland, 1470–1625 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1991), ISBN0-7486-0276-3, pp. 39–40.
^A. G. Ogilvie, Great Britain: Essays in Regional Geography (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1952), p. 421.
^R. R. Sellmen, Medieval English Warfare (London: Taylor & Francis, 1964), p. 29.
^A. Grant, K. J. Stringer, eds, Uniting the Kingdom?: the Making of British History (London: Routledge, 1995), ISBN0-415-13041-7, p. 101.
^ abP. J. Bawcutt and J. H. Williams, A Companion to Medieval Scottish Poetry (Woodbridge: Brewer, 2006), ISBN1-84384-096-0, pp. 21.
^J. Wormald, Court, Kirk, and Community: Scotland, 1470–1625 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1991), ISBN0-7486-0276-3, p. 5.
^S. H. Rigby, ed., A Companion to Britain in the Later Middle Ages (Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2003), ISBN0-631-21785-1, pp. 109–11.
^J. Wormald, Court, Kirk, and Community: Scotland, 1470–1625 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1991), ISBN0-7486-0276-3, p. 61.
^ abE. Gemmill and N. J. Mayhew, Changing Values in Medieval Scotland: a Study of Prices, Money, and Weights and Measures (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995), ISBN0-521-47385-3, pp. 8–10.
^ abcdeJ. Wormald, Court, Kirk, and Community: Scotland, 1470–1625 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1991), ISBN0-7486-0276-3, pp. 41–55.
^M. L. Parry, T. R. Slater, The Making of the Scottish Countryside (London: Taylor & Francis, 1980), ISBN0-85664-646-6, pp. 86–9.
^ abS. H. Rigby, ed., A Companion to Britain in the Later Middle Ages (Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2003), ISBN0-631-21785-1, pp. 111–6.
^R. Mitchison, A History of Scotland (London: Routledge, 3rd edn., 2002), ISBN0-415-27880-5, p. 78.
^ abJ. Wormald, Court, Kirk, and Community: Scotland, 1470–1625 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1991), ISBN0-7486-0276-3, pp. 29–35.
^J. W. Armstrong, "The 'fyre of ire Kyndild' in the fifteenth-century Scottish Marches", in S. A. Throop and P. R. Hyams, eds, Vengeance in the Middle Ages: Emotion, Religion and Feud (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2010), ISBN0-7546-6421-X, p. 71.
^G. W. S. Barrow, Robert Bruce (Berkeley CA.: University of California Press, 1965), p. 7.
^J. P. Campbell, Popular Culture in the Middle Ages (Madison, WI: Popular Press, 1986), ISBN0-87972-339-4, p. 98, n.
^ abJ. L. Roberts, Clan, King, and Covenant: History of the Highland Clans from the Civil War to the Glencoe Massacre (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2000), ISBN0-7486-1393-5, p. 13.
^M. J. Green, The Celtic World (London: Routledge, 1996), ISBN0-415-14627-5, p. 667.
^D. Moody, Scottish Family History (Genealogical Publishing Com, 1994), ISBN0-8063-1268-8, pp. 99–104.
^ abcA. Grant, "Service and tenure in late medieval Scotland 1324–1475" in A. Curry and E. Matthew, eds, Concepts and Patterns of Service in the Later Middle Ages (Woodbridge: Boydell, 2000), ISBN0-85115-814-5, pp. 145–65.
^K. Stevenson, Chivalry and Knighthood in Scotland, 1424–1513 (Woodbridge: Boydell, 2006), ISBN1-84383-192-9, pp. 13–15.
^ abJ. Goodare, State and Society in Early Modern Scotland (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999), ISBN0-19-820762-X, pp. 57–60.
^A. Grant, "Late medieval foundations", in A. Grant and K. J. Stringer, eds, Uniting the Kingdom?: the Making of British History (London: Routledge, 1995), ISBN0-415-13041-7, p. 99.
^K. Stevenson, "Thai war callit knynchtis and bere the name and the honour of that hye ordre: Scottish knighthood in the fifteenth century", in L. Clark, ed., Identity and Insurgency in the Late Middle Ages (Woodbridge: Boydell, 2006), ISBN1-84383-270-4, p. 38.
^ abJ. Wormald, Court, Kirk, and Community: Scotland, 1470–1625 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1991), ISBN0-7486-0276-3, pp. 48–9.
^J. Wormald, Court, Kirk, and Community: Scotland, 1470–1625 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1991), ISBN0-7486-0276-3, pp. 28 and 35-9.
^N. H. Reid, "Crown and Community under Robert I", in G. W. S. Barrow, A. Grant and K. J. Stringer, eds, Medieval Scotland: Crown, Lordship and Community (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1998), ISBN0-7486-1110-X, p. 221.
^ abJ. Wormald, Court, Kirk, and Community: Scotland, 1470–1625 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1991), ISBN0-7486-0276-3, p. 18.
^ abJ. Wormald, Court, Kirk, and Community: Scotland, 1470–1625 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1991), ISBN0-7486-0276-3, p. 22.
^K. M. Brown and R. J. Tanner, The History of the Scottish Parliament volume 1: Parliament and Politics, 1235–1560 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2004), pp. 1–28.
^Alan R. MacDonald, The Burghs and Parliament in Scotland, c. 1550–1651 (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2007), ISBN0-7546-5328-5, p. 14.
^K. M. Brown, Parliament and Politics in Scotland, 1235–1560 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2004), ISBN0-7486-1485-0, p. 50.
^R. J. Tanner, 'The Lords of the Articles before 1540', in Scottish Historical Review, 79 (2000), pp. 189–212.
^R. J. Tanner, The Late Medieval Scottish Parliament: Politics and the Three Estates, 1424–1488 (Edinburgh: Tuckwell, 2001), ISBN1-86232-174-4.
^J. Wormald, Court, Kirk, and Community: Scotland, 1470–1625 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1991), ISBN0-7486-0276-3, p. 21.
^A. MacKay and D. Ditchburn, eds, Atlas of Medieval Europe (London: Routledge, 1997), ISBN0-415-12231-7, p. 179.
^ abM. Brown, The Wars of Scotland, 1214–1371 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2004), ISBN0-7486-1238-6, p. 58.
^D. M. Barrell, Medieval Scotland (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), ISBN0-521-58602-X, p. 108.
^P. Contamine, "Scottish soldiers in France in the second half of the 15th century: mercenaries, immigrants, or Frenchmen in the making?" in G. G. Simpson, ed., The Scottish Soldier Abroad, 1247–1967 (Edinburgh: Rowman & Littlefield, 1992), ISBN0-85976-341-2, pp. 16–30.
^H.-Henning Kortüm, Transcultural Wars from the Middle Ages to the 21st Century (Berlin: Akademie Verlag, 2006), ISBN3-05-004131-5, p. 51.
^D. H. Caldwell, "The Scots and guns", in A. King and M. A. Penman, eds, England and Scotland in the Fourteenth Century: New Perspectives (Woodbridge: Boydell, 2007), ISBN1-84383-318-2, p. 69.
^J. Kinard, Artillery: An Illustrated History of its Impact (Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2007), ISBN1-85109-556-X, p. 47.
^C. T. Allmand, The Hundred Years War: England and France at War, c. 1300-c. 1450 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988), ISBN0-521-31923-4, p. 100.
^J. Wormald, Court, Kirk, and Community: Scotland, 1470–1625 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1991), ISBN0-7486-0276-3, p. 19.
^J. E. A. Dawson, Scotland Re-Formed, 1488–1587 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2007), ISBN0-7486-1455-9, p. 76.
^S. Tucker, Battles That Changed History: An Encyclopedia of World Conflict (ABC-CLIO, 2010), ISBN1-59884-429-6, p. 156.
^ abcdJ. Grant, "The Old Scots Navy from 1689 to 1710", Publications of the Navy Records Society, 44 (London: Navy Records Society, 1913-4), pp. i–xii.
^N. Macdougall, James IV (Edinburgh: Tuckwell, 1997), p. 235.
^T. Christopher Smout, Scotland and the Sea (Rowman and Littlefield, 1992), ISBN0-85976-338-2, p. 45.
^S. Murdoch, The Terror of the Seas?: Scottish Maritime Warfare 1513–1713 (Leiden: Brill, 2010), ISBN90-04-18568-2, pp. 33–4.
^ abcdefghP. J. Bawcutt and J. H. Williams, A Companion to Medieval Scottish Poetry (Woodbridge: Brewer, 2006), ISBN1-84384-096-0, pp. 26–9.
^G. W. S. Barrow, Robert Bruce (Berkeley CA.: University of California Press, 1965), p. 293.
^ abcdeJ. Wormald, Court, Kirk, and Community: Scotland, 1470–1625 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1991), ISBN0-7486-0276-3, pp. 76–87.
^D. M. Palliser, The Cambridge Urban History of Britain: 600–1540 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), ISBN0-521-44461-6, pp. 349–50.
^Andrew D. M. Barrell, Medieval Scotland (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), ISBN0-521-58602-X, p. 246.
^Andrew D. M. Barrell, Medieval Scotland (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), ISBN0-521-58602-X, p. 254.
^ abC. Peters, Women in Early Modern Britain, 1450–1640 (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004), ISBN0-333-63358-X, p. 147.
^Andrew D. M. Barrell, Medieval Scotland (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), ISBN0-521-58602-X, pp. 244–5.
^Andrew D. M. Barrell, Medieval Scotland (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), ISBN0-521-58602-X, p. 257.
^ abcP. J. Bawcutt and J. H. Williams, A Companion to Medieval Scottish Poetry (Woodbridge: Brewer, 2006), ISBN1-84384-096-0, pp. 29–30.
^ abJ. Wormald, Court, Kirk, and Community: Scotland, 1470–1625 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1991), ISBN0-7486-0276-3, pp. 68–72.
^I. D. Whyte, K. A. Whyte, The Changing Scottish Landscape, 1500–1800 (London: Taylor & Francis, 1991), ISBN0415029929, p. 86.
^Painted Ceilings of Scotland MR Apted, HMSO, 1966: Renaissance Decorative Painting, Michael Bath, NMS (2003)
^M. Gosman, A. A. MacDonald and A. J. Vanderjagt, Princes and Princely Culture, 1450–1650, Volume 1 (Leiden: Brill, 2003), ISBN90-04-13572-3, p. 166.
^ abD. M. Palliser, The Cambridge Urban History of Britain: 600–1540, Volume 1 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), ISBN0-521-44461-6, pp. 391–2.
^ abI. D. Whyte and K. A. Whyte, The Changing Scottish landscape, 1500–1800 (London: Taylor & Francis, 1991), ISBN0-415-02992-9, p. 117.
^ abcdJ. Wormald, Court, Kirk, and Community: Scotland, 1470–1625 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1991), ISBN0-7486-0276-3, pp. 57–9.
^S. H. Rigby, A Companion to Britain in the Later Middle Ages (London: Wiley-Blackwell, 2003), ISBN0-631-21785-1, p. 532.
^ abcdefgJ. Wormald, Court, Kirk, and Community: Scotland, 1470–1625 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1991), ISBN0-7486-0276-3, pp. 60–7.
^A. A. M. Duncan, ed., The Brus (Canongate, 1997), ISBN0-86241-681-7, p. 3.
^N. Jayapalan, History of English Literature (New Delhi: Atlantic, 2001), ISBN81-269-0041-5, p. 23.
^A. Grant, Independence and Nationhood, Scotland 1306–1469 (Baltimore: Edward Arnold, 1984), pp. 102–3.
^J. Martin, Kingship and Love in Scottish Poetry, 1424–1540 (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2008), ISBN0-7546-6273-X, p. 111.
^D. H. Caldwell, ed., Angels, Nobles and Unicorns: Art and Patronage in Medieval Scotland (Edinburgh: NMS, 1982).
^M. J. Green, The Celtic World (London: Routledge, 1996), ISBN0-415-14627-5, p. 428.
^W. McLeod, Divided Gaels: Gaelic Cultural Identities in Scotland and Ireland, C.1200-c.1650 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004), ISBN0-19-924722-6, p. 102.
^ abcK. Elliott and F. Rimmer, A History of Scottish Music (London: British Broadcasting Corporation, 1973), ISBN0-563-12192-0, pp. 8–12.
^J. Wormald, Court, Kirk, and Community: Scotland, 1470–1625 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1991), ISBN0-7486-0276-3, pp. 58 and 118.
^M. Gosman, A. A. MacDonald, A. J. Vanderjagt and A. Vanderjagt, Princes and Princely Culture, 1450–1650 (Leiden: Brill, 2003), ISBN90-04-13690-8, p. 163.
^A. D. M. Barrell, Medieval Scotland (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), ISBN0-521-58602-X, p. 134.
^ abC. Kidd, Subverting Scotland's Past: Scottish Whig Historians and the Creation of an Anglo-British Identity 1689–1830 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003), ISBN0-521-52019-3, pp. 17–18.
^ abJ. Wormald, Court, Kirk, and Community: Scotland, 1470–1625 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1991), ISBN0-7486-0276-3, pp. 66–7.